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The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is at present the largest single contributor to global-mass-induced sea-level rise, primarily because of Arctic amplification on an increasingly warmer Earth1–5. However, the processes of englacial water accumulation, storage and ultimate release remain poorly constrained. Here we show that a noticeable amount of the summertime meltwater mass is temporally buffered along the entire GrIS periphery, peaking in July and gradually reducing thereafter. Our results arise from quantifying the spatiotemporal behaviour of the total mass of water leaving the GrIS by analysing bedrock elastic deformation measured by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. The buffered meltwater causes a subsidence of the bedrock close to GNSS stations of at most approximately 5 mm during the melt season. Regionally, the duration of meltwater storage ranges from 4.5 weeks in the southeast to 9 weeks elsewhere. We also show that the meltwater runoff modelled from regional climate models may contain systematic errors, requiring further scaling of up to about 20% for the warmest years. These results reveal a high potential for GNSS data to constrain poorly known hydrological processes in Greenland, forming the basis for improved projections of future GrIS melt behaviour and the associated sea-level rise6.

Statins are the cornerstone treatment for patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia but research suggests it could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. A low prevalence of type 2 diabetes was reported in some familial hypercholesterolaemia cohorts, raising the question of whether these patients are protected against type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a well known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of known key determinants of type 2 diabetes with its prevalence in people with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.

En Afrique subsaharienne comme dans le monde, le cancer du sein est le premier cancer gynécologique chez la femme, suivi de près du cancer du col de l’utérus. Le diagnostic d’un cancer gynécologique est une expérience extrêmement stressante et émotionnelle pour les femmes. Il entraîne une multitude de sentiments tels que le choc, la peur, la tristesse, la colère et la culpabilité. Il a également un impact significatif sur la vie du couple.

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Van der Waals heterostructures have great potential for realizing ultimately low thermal conductivity because defectless interfaces can be constructed at a length scale smaller than the phonon wavelength, allowing modulation of coherent phonon transport. In this Letter, we demonstrate the mechanism for thermal conductivity reduction at a mode-resolved level. The graphene–WS2heterostructure with the lowest cross-plane thermal conductivity of 0.048 W/(m·K) is identified from 16,384 candidates by combining Bayesian optimization and molecular dynamics simulations. Then, the angle-resolved phonon transmission is calculated using the mode-resolved atomistic Green’s function. The results reveal that the optimal heterostructure nearly completely terminates phonon transport with finite incident angles, owing to the reduced critical incident angle and suppression of phonon tunneling.

Previous data in humans suggest that extreme physical inactivity (EPI) affects iron metabolism differently between sexes. Our objective was to deepen the underlying mechanisms by studying rats of both sexes exposed to hindlimb unloading (HU), the reference experimental model mimicking EPI. Eight‐week‐old male and female Wistar rats were assigned to control (CTL) or hindlimb unloading (HU) conditions (n= 12/group). After 7 days of HU, serum, liver, spleen, and soleus muscle were removed. Iron parameters were measured in serum samples, and ICP‐MS was used to quantify iron in tissues. Iron metabolism genes and proteins were analysed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. Compared with control males, control females exhibited higher iron concentrations in serum (+43.3%, p< 0.001), liver (LIC; +198%, P< 0.001), spleen (SIC; +76.1%, P< 0.001), and transferrin saturation (TS) in serum (+53.3%, P< 0.001), contrasting with previous observations in humans. HU rat males, but not females, exhibited an increase of LIC (+54% P< 0.001) and SIC (+30.1%, P= 0.023), along with a rise of H‐ferritin protein levels (+60.9% and +134%, respectively, in liver and spleen; P< 0.05) and a decrease of TFRC protein levels (−36%; −50%, respectively, P< 0.05). HU males also exhibited an increase of splenic HO‐1and NRF2mRNA levels, (p< 0.001), as well as HU females (P< 0.001). Concomitantly to muscle atrophy observed in HU animals, the iron concentration increased in soleus in females (+26.7, P= 0.004) while only a trend is observed in males (+17.5%, P= 0.088). In addition, the H‐ferritin and myoglobin protein levels in soleus were increased in males (+748%, P< 0.001, +22%, P= 0.011, respectively) and in females (+369%, P< 0.001, +21.9%, P= 0.007, respectively), whereas TFRC and ferroportin (FPN) protein levels were reduced in males (−68.9%, P< 0.001, −76.8%, P< 0.001, respectively) and females (−75.9%, P< 0.001, −62.9%, P< 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, in both sexes, heme exporter FLVCR1 mRNA increased in soleus, while protein levels decreased (−39.9% for males P= 0.010 and −49.1% for females P< 0.001). Taken together, these data support that, in rats (1) extreme physical inactivity differently impacts the distribution of iron in both sexes, (2) splenic erythrophagocytosis could play a role in this iron misdistribution. The higher iron concentrations in atrophied soleus from both sexes are associated with a decoupling between the increase in iron storage proteins (i.e., ferritin and myoglobin) and the decrease in levels of iron export proteins (i.e., FPN and FLVCR1), thus supporting an iron sequestration in skeletal muscle under extreme physical inactivity.

L’arthrite septique de hanche (ASH) de l’enfant est une pathologie pédiatrique commune qui doit impérativement être diagnostiquée car peut être grave si mal traitée. Elle touche majoritairement les enfants de moins de 2 ans. Les germes en cause dépendent de l’âge. Le pathogène le plus fréquemment retrouvé à tout âge est le Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) mais le Kingella kingae(Kk) est le plus fréquent chez l’enfant de 6 mois à 4 ans. La suspicion d’ASH repose sur un ensemble de critères cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques (échographiques). L’IRM est surtout utile au diagnostic des complications en cas de mauvaise évolution. Seule la ponction articulaire avec la mise en évidence d’un germe permet de confirmer formellement le diagnostic. Les techniques de PCR ciblées pour le Kk ont permis de largement augmenter le diagnostic microbiologique. Les formes cliniques sont très variables allant de la boiterie d’esquive plus ou moins fébrile du petit enfant avec un syndrome inflammatoire très modéré voire inexistant, évocateur de l’ASH à Kk, au tableau de choc septique avec un aspect pseudo-paralytique du membre inférieur. Le traitement repose essentiellement sur le drainage et le lavage chirurgical, « à ciel ouvert » ou par arthroscopie, associés à une antibiothérapie probabiliste adaptée aux agents pathogènes suspectés. Aujourd’hui le protocole court d’antibiothérapie est largement recommandé dans les formes d’ASH non compliquées. Le pronostic fonctionnel dépend essentiellement du délai diagnostique et thérapeutique. Les séquelles fonctionnelles peuvent être graves (troubles de croissance, détérioration articulaire à long terme).

The aim of this paper is to study the measurement of the DSM5 self-rated transversal symptoms level 1 (CCSM1) from a dimensional perspective in line with current models of psychopathology in three factors: internalization, thought disorders, externalization.

Drug–target interactions (DTIs) prediction algorithms are used at various stages of the drug discovery process. In this context, specific problems such as deorphanization of a new therapeutic target or target identification of a drug candidate arising from phenotypic screens require large-scale predictions across the protein and molecule spaces. DTI prediction heavily relies on supervised learning algorithms that use known DTIs to learn associations between molecule and protein features, allowing for the prediction of new interactions based on learned patterns. The algorithms must be broadly applicable to enable reliable predictions, even in regions of the protein or molecule spaces where data may be scarce. In this paper, we address two key challenges to fulfill these goals: building large, high-quality training datasets and designing prediction methods that can scale, in order to be trained on such large datasets. First, we introduce LCIdb, a curated, large-sized dataset of DTIs, offering extensive coverage of both the molecule and druggable protein spaces. Notably, LCIdb contains a much higher number of molecules than publicly available benchmarks, expanding coverage of the molecule space. Second, we propose Komet (Kronecker Optimized METhod), a DTI prediction pipeline designed for scalability without compromising performance. Komet leverages a three-step framework, incorporating efficient computation choices tailored for large datasets and involving the Nyström approximation. Specifically, Komet employs a Kronecker interaction module for (molecule, protein) pairs, which efficiently captures determinants in DTIs, and whose structure allows for reduced computational complexity and quasi-Newton optimization, ensuring that the model can handle large training sets, without compromising on performance. Our method is implemented in open-source software, leveraging GPU parallel computation for efficiency. We demonstrate the interest of our pipeline on various datasets, showing that Komet displays superior scalability and prediction performance compared to state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. Additionally, we illustrate the generalization properties of Komet by showing its performance on an external dataset, and on the publicly available LHbenchmark designed for scaffold hopping problems. Komet is available open source at https://komet.readthedocs.ioand all datasets, including LCIdb, can be found at https://zenodo.org/records/10731712.

ABSTRACTCurrent evolutions of the relationships between industry and the state associate explicit objectives of industrial transformations for ecological reasons, a growing interest in sovereignty-driven interventions in industry, and the linkage of industrial development to social concerns. This paper examines these evolutions by analysing the territorial inscription of industry, its practical manifestation and its consequences. We speak of styles of territorialisation of industry to characterise the articulation of three components: the construction of an industrial sector, the design and use of policy instruments, and the material consequences of spatial interventions. Using the example of the nascent green hydrogen sector in France, we contrast three styles of territorialisation, which we label ‘ecosystems’, ‘planned infrastructures’, and ‘hubs’. Each of them encompasses visions of the relationships between public and private actors, faces tensions and frictions, and has inevitable exclusion effects. We contend that the study of styles of territorialisation is a productive analytical entry point for understanding the politics of transition.

Thirty soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] genotypes, along with three checks, were evaluated over three seasons across five communes in Benin. The experiments were laid out in an alpha lattice design with three replicates. Additive multiplicative mean interaction (AMMI) and best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) analysis were combined to assess differential agronomic performance and yield stability among genotypes. There was significant variation (p< 0.001) between genotypes for all traits, with highly significant environmental and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects on soybean grain yield (p< 0.001). The likelihood ratio test indicated that both genotype and interaction effects were highly significant (p< 0.001). The low R2(0.21) for GEI reflected the presence of high residual variation in the GEI component, in contrast to the AMMI analysis of variance, which explained a high proportion of the GEI through the first two interaction principal component axes (52%). The very high value of the predictive accuracy (0.89) confirmed the model's reliability in selecting superior genotypes. The low (0.33) genotypic correlation between environments indicated that it was difficult to select superior genotypes for each environment. Based on the superiority index (weighted average absolute scores from BLUP for yield) of BLUP, simultaneous selection led to the identification of Jenguma 2.67 ± 0.06 t ha−1as the most stable and productive genotype across environments, followed by Favour 2.34 ± 0.08 t ha−1, and Afayak 2.46 ± 0.08 t ha−1. The agronomic performance of soybean in this study suggested great potential for diversifying cotton‐based cropping systems in Benin, thereby improving their sustainability. The effect of these soybean genotypes on the productivity of intercrop combinations and sequences of cash crops, such as cotton, is yet to be investigated. Genotypes varied greatly among agronomic and yield traits.Yield traits are under high environmental influence.Best linear unbiased predictor model exhibited very high predictive accuracy, proving reliable in selecting superior genotypes.Low genotypic correlation between environments indicates difficulties in selecting genotypes for each environment.Jenguma, Favour, and Afayak were the most stable and productive genotype across environments in that order.

This research delves into the examination of China's potential hegemony in the regional sphere, juxtaposing its substantial military capacities, strategic ambitions, and ideological underpinnings. By leveraging a methodical triangulation of quantitative data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), theoretical implications from China's policy documents, and critical analysis of China's robust infrastructure, considerable resources, and impressive capabilities, this study explores China's strategic landscape in comparison with other regional and international contenders. It establishes that, despite the formidable potential for hegemonic pursuits, China's political ideologies—Harmonious World, Peaceful Development, Chinese Dream, and the vision of a Human Community with a Shared Future, intertwined with strategic imperatives and nuclear deterrence, indicate a proclivity towards preservation of the existing global order and a commitment to peaceful evolution. The research concludes that, in the foreseeable context, China will likely persist in its endeavor to foster peaceful bilateral and multilateral relationships with neighboring states, demonstrating a strategic preference for peaceful development over aggressive hegemonic dominance.

Expanded criteria donors help to increase graft availability, but provide organs with an increased risk of delayed graft function. We aimed to investigate whether donor hypothermia decreases the risk of delayed graft function compared with normothermia.

We study the problem of algorithmically optimizing the Hamiltonian HN$H_N$of a spherical or Ising mixed p$p$‐spin glass. The maximum asymptotic value OPT${\mathsf {OPT}}$of HN/N$H_N/N$is characterized by a variational principle known as the Parisi formula, proved first by Talagrand and in more generality by Panchenko. Recently developed approximate message passing (AMP) algorithms efficiently optimize HN/N$H_N/N$up to a value ALG${\mathsf {ALG}}$given by an extended Parisi formula, which minimizes over a larger space of functional order parameters. These two objectives are equal for spin glasses exhibiting a no overlap gapproperty (OGP). However, ALG

The African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP) Open Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics aims to overcome barriers to capacity building through its distributed African regional workshops and prioritizes the exchange of grassroots knowledge and innovation in biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics. In 2023, we implemented 28 workshops on biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics, covering 11 African countries across the 5 African geographical regions. These regional workshops trained 408 African scientists in hands-on molecular biology, genomics and bioinformatics techniques as well as the ethical, legal and social issues associated with acquiring genetic resources. Here, we discuss the implementation of transformative strategies, such as expanding the regional workshop model of AfricaBP to involve multiple countries, institutions and partners, including the proposed creation of an African digital database with sequence information relating to both biodiversity and agriculture. This will ultimately help create a critical mass of skilled genomics and bioinformatics scientists across Africa.

Monitoring genetic gain is crucial to ensure breeding programs' effectiveness and identify potential challenges and areas for their improvement. Our study provides a first overview of the trends in genetic gain for tuber yield and disease resistance traits in the IITA's (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) yam breeding program. We used historical data (2010–2022) from multiple generations of past breeding cycles evaluated at 31 sites in the white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundataPoir) breeding pipeline and 28 sites in the water yam (Dioscorea alataL.) breeding pipeline of IITA and its national partners in West Africa. Our result shows positive genetic trends in fresh tuber yield while recording a gain of 1.38% or 99.17 kg ha−1per year in the white Guinea yam and 2.18% or 252.41 kg ha−1per year in the water yam breeding pipelines. Genetic trends for virus and anthracnose resistance were in the desired direction but negligible in white Guinea yam, while significant for virus and nonsignificant for anthracnose resistance in water yam. Our findings indicate that while the breeding program has succeeded in enhancing tuber yield, post‐harvest tuber dry matter content and disease resistance (yam mosaic virus and anthracnose) did not follow a similar trend in the material being developed. This implies that the yam breeding program needs to strike a balance between various traits, ensuring that increased yield does not come at a cost to food quality or disease resistance. Our results highlight the importance of continually monitoring and assessing the performance of a breeding program and making informed decisions about which traits to focus on for future improvement. Periodic monitoring of genetic gain is crucial to making informed decisions about which traits to focus on.Yam breeding program needs to strike a balance between various traits for ensuring sustained genetic gain.High‐quality historical trial data crucial for assessing genetic gain trends in breeding programs.

Purpose: In 2018, Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) were published for preventing wrong-level surgery in pediatric spinal deformity, but successful implementation has not been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate BPG compliance 5 years after publication. We hypothesized higher compliance among BPG authors and among surgeons with more experience, higher caseload, and awareness of the BPGs. Methods: We queried North American and European surgeons, authors and nonauthors, and members of pediatric spinal study groups on adherence to BPGs using an anonymous survey consisting of 18 Likert scale questions. Respondents provided years in practice, yearly caseload, and guideline awareness. Mean compliance scores (MCS) were developed by correlating Likert responses with MCS scores (“None of the time” = no compliance = MCS 0, “Sometimes” = weak to moderate = MCS 1, “Most of the time” = high = MCS 2, and “All the time” = perfect = MCS 3). Results: Of the 134 respondents, 81.5% reported high or perfect compliance. Average MCS for all guidelines was 2.4 ± 0.4. North American and European surgeons showed no compliance differences (2.4 vs. 2.3,p= 0.07). Authors and nonauthors showed significantly different compliance scores (2.8 vs 2.4, p&lt; 0.001), as did surgeons with and without knowledge of the BPGs (2.5 vs 2.2, p&lt; 0.001). BPG awareness and compliance showed a moderate positive correlation (r= 0.48, p&lt; 0.001), with non-significant associations between compliance and both years in practice (r= 0.41, p= 0.64) and yearly caseload (r= 0.02, p= 0.87). Conclusion: Surgeons reported high or perfect compliance 81.5% of the time with BPGs for preventing wrong-level surgery. Authorship and BPG awareness showed increased compliance. Location, study group membership, years in practice, and yearly caseload did not affect compliance. Level of evidence: Level V—expert opinion.

The search for common characteristics between the musical abilities of humans and other animal species is still taking its first steps. One of the most promising aspects from a comparative point of view is the analysis of rhythmic components, which are crucial features of human communicative performance but also well-identifiable patterns in the vocal displays of other species. Therefore, the study of rhythm is becoming essential to understand the mechanisms of singing behavior and the evolution of human communication. Recent findings provided evidence that particular rhythmic structures occur in human music and some singing animal species, such as birds and rock hyraxes, but only 2 species of nonhuman primates have been investigated so far (Indri indriand Hylobates lar). Therefore, our study aims to consistently broaden the list of species studied regarding the presence of rhythmic categories. We investigated the temporal organization in the singing of 3 species of crested gibbons (Nomascus gabriellae, Nomascus leucogenys, and Nomascus siki) and found that the most prominent rhythmic category was isochrony. Moreover, we found slight variation in songs’ tempo among species, with N. gabriellaeand N. sikisinging with a temporal pattern involving a gradually increasing tempo (a musical accelerando), and N. leucogenyswith a more regular pattern. Here, we show how the prominence of a peak at the isochrony establishes itself as a shared characteristic in the small apes considered so far.

With the increasing complexity of embedded systems, the use of variable-length instruction sets has become essential, so that higher code density and better performance can be achieved. Security aspects are closely linked, considering the continuous improvement of attack techniques and equipment. Fault injection is among the most interesting and rising physical attack techniques. However, hardware designers and software developers lack accurate fault models to evaluate the vulnerabilities of their designs or codes in the presence of such attacks. In this article, we provide a proper characterization, at instruction set architecture (ISA) level, of several faulty behaviors that are experimentally observed when a processor running a variable-length instruction set is targeted. We include the binary encoding of instructions, and show how the obtained behaviors depend on the alignment in memory. Moreover, we give a deeper insight on previous results from the literature, that were still left unexplained. Additionally, we move downward at system level and consider the register-transfer level (RTL) to perform RTL fault simulation; This enables a better understanding of the faults propagation, validate the inferred fault models at ISA level, and reveal the origin of such faults at microarchitectural level. Finally, applying the given fault models leads us to provide vulnerability analysis on three different implementations of AES.

This digest discusses various types of communication disorders, their incidence, the learning difficulties associated with them, the special case of English language learners, and the educational significance of communication disorders. Communication disorders may result from many different conditions such as oral-motor difficulties or language-based learning disabilities. Approximately 20 percent of all students with disabilities have some form of communication disorder. Common characteristics of students with communication disorders include difficulty following directions, attending to a conversation, pronouncing words, expressing themselves, or being understood. Children learning English as a second language have special communication problems but should not be considered as having a communication disorder unless symptoms of the disorder are present in both languages. These students may be capable of high academic achievement if they learn the classroom's social, language, and learning patterns. (Contains 17 print, organizational, and Internet resources.) (DB)

In this study, we demonstrate that an aromatic oligoamide sequence assembles into a trimeric helix-turn-helix architecture with a disulfide linkage, and upon cleavage of this linkage, it reconstructs into an antiparallel double helix. The antiparallel double helix is accessible to encapsulate a diacid guest within its cavity, forming a 2:1 host–guest complex. In contrast, hydrogen-bonding interactions between the trimeric-assembled structure and guests induce a conformational shift in the trimeric helix, resulting in a cross-shaped double-helix complex at a 2:2 host–guest ratio. Interconversions between the trimeric helix and the antiparallel double helix, along with their respective host–guest complexes, can be initiated through thiol/disulfide redox-mediated regulation.

Study design National cross-sectional study.Objective Thoracic kyphosis (TK) is related to sagittal parameters as pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic incidence (PI). The equation TK = 2 (PT+LL–PI) was validated for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate if this equation correctly predicts TK regardless of age.Methods Sagittal alignment parameters were assessed on full spine radiographs of 2599 individuals without spine pathology (1488 females, 1111 males). Calculated TK (CTK) = 2 (PT+LL–PI) and measured TK (MTK) were compared by calculating the gap and using a linear regression between both parameters. Subgroup analyses were performed for gender, age, TK groups (≤20°, 21°-40°, 41°-60°, >60°), and PI groups (<45°, 45°-60°, >60°).Results Average values in the total population were: MTK 45.0°, CTK 36.9°. Average TK gap was 8.1°, 5.2° in females (intercept 11.7, slope .61) and 11.9° in males (intercept 7.1, slope .58). The mean gap was 3.6° for 15-34 years, 5.7° under 15 years and it increased progressively after 35 years with a maximum of 19.9° over 80 years. The gap also increased with the amount of MTK: -3.5° for TK<20° up to 17.3° for TK >60°. Differences in gaps were minor between PI groups. The intercept was smallest and slopes >.6 for PI <45° and TK ≤20°.Conclusion The formula TK=2 (PT+LL-PI) yielded moderate accuracy for adolescents and young adults, but did not fit for over 35 years and under 15. The amount and variance in TK increased in elderly subjects, which made the formula less accurate.

The article focuses on the future of energy in Northeast Georgia, highlighting the growth of data centers, electric vehicle infrastructure, and renewable energy, especially solar power. Topics include the vision of individuals such as Montana Busch, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Alternative Energy Southeast, who sees solar power as a significant part of the region's energy landscape.

Prophylactic anticoagulation in emergency department patients with lower limb trauma requiring immobilisation is controversial. The Thrombosis Risk Prediction for Patients with Cast Immobilisation—TRiP(cast)—score could identify a large subgroup of patients at low risk of venous thromboembolism for whom prophylactic anticoagulation can be safely withheld. We aimed to prospectively assess the safety of withholding anticoagulation for patients with lower limb trauma at low risk of venous thromboembolism, defined by a TRiP(cast) score of less than 7.

RNA processing includes post-transcriptional mechanisms controlling RNA quality and quantity to ensure cellular homeostasis. Noncoding (nc) RNAs that are regulated by these dynamic processes may themselves fulfill effector and/or regulatory functions, and recent studies demonstrated the critical role of RNAs in organizing both chromatin and genome architectures. Furthermore, RNAs can threaten genome integrity when accumulating as DNA:RNA hybrids, but could also facilitate DNA repair depending on the molecular context. Therefore, by qualitatively and quantitatively fine-tuning RNAs, RNA processing contributes directly or indirectly to chromatin states, genome organization, and genome stability. B lymphocytes represent a unique model to study these interconnected mechanisms as they express ncRNAs transcribed from key specific sequences before undergoing physiological genetic remodeling processes, including V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and class switch recombination. RNA processing actors ensure the regulation and degradation of these ncRNAs for efficient DNA repair and immunoglobulin gene remodeling while failure leads to B cell development alterations, aberrant DNA repair, and pathological translocations. This review highlights how RNA processing mechanisms contribute to genome architecture and stability, with emphasis on their critical roles during B cell development, enabling physiological DNA remodeling while preventing lymphomagenesis.

ABSTRACTHistorical cars are an important part of the cultural heritage of the last 150 years. Their preservation in technical museums raises the question of how to preserve their primary functionality, namely their mobility. This implies being able to reactivate and to maintain their thermal engines, which are the source of their motion. However, the diversity and complexity of these engines generally require the presence of highly qualified personnel as well as detailed condition reports to assist the conservators. This study proposes to use acoustic emission techniques to facilitate these conservation procedures by objectifying the evaluation of the state of the engines and by providing systematic quantitative indicators for their health monitoring. To illustrate the implementation and the potentialities of this approach, different tests have been carried out at the National Automobile Museum of Mulhouse, on a Renault Type AG1. A dedicated experimental setup and the associated measurement protocol are presented in this paper. The derived results show the ability of this method to detect specific types of engine malfunctions, both during bench test and in situmeasurement conditions. A critical discussion is finally proposed to highlight the feasibility and the possibilities of such laboratory techniques in the context of conservation assistance.

Native chemical ligation (NCL) at proline has been limited by cost and synthetic access. In addition, prior examples of NCL using mercaptoproline have exhibited stalling of the reaction after thioester exchange, due to inefficient S→ Nacyl transfer. Herein, we develop methods, using inexpensive Boc-4R-hydroxyproline, for the solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing N-terminal 4R-mercaptoproline and 4R-selenoproline. The synthesis proceeds via proline editing on the N-terminus of fully synthesized peptides on the solid phase, converting an N-terminal Boc-4R-hydroxyproline to the 4S-bromoproline, followed by an SN2 reaction with potassium thioacetate or selenobenzoic acid. After cleavage from the resin and deprotection, peptides with functionalized N-terminal proline amino acids were obtained. NCL reactions with mercaptoproline proceeded slowly under standard NCL conditions, with the S-acyl transthioesterification intermediate observed as a major species. Computational investigations indicated that the bicyclic intermediates and transition states for S→ Nacyl transfer are sufficiently low in energy (10–15 kcal mol–1above starting material) that ring strain cannot explain the slow S→ Nacyl transfer. Instead, the bicyclic zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate has a low barrier for reversion to the S-acyl intermediate, causing reversion to the thioester (reverse reaction) to occur preferentially over elimination to generate the amide (forward reaction). We hypothesized that a buffer capable of general acid and/or general base catalysis could promote S→ Nacyl transfer and thus achieve greater efficiency in proline NCL. In the presence of 2 M imidazole at pH 6.8, NCL with mercaptoproline proceeded efficiently to generate the peptide with a native amide bond. NCL with selenoproline also proceeded efficiently to generate the desired products when a thiophenol thioester was employed as a ligation partner. After desulfurization or deselenization, the products obtained were identical to those synthesized directly, confirming that the solid-phase proline editing reactions proceeded stereospecifically and without epimerization.

Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) can map microvessels at a resolution of a few micrometers ( $\mu \text{m}$ ). Transcranial ULM remains challenging in presence of aberrations caused by the skull, which lead to localization errors. Herein, we propose a deep learning approach based on recently introduced complex-valued convolutional neural networks (CV-CNNs) to retrieve the aberration function, which can then be used to form enhanced images using standard delay-and-sum beamforming. CV-CNNs were selected as they can apply time delays through multiplication with in-phase quadrature input data. Predicting the aberration function rather than corrected images also confers enhanced explainability to the network. In addition, 3D spatiotemporal convolutions were used for the network to leverage entire microbubble tracks. For training and validation, we used an anatomically and hemodynamically realistic mouse brain microvascular network model to simulate the flow of microbubbles in presence of aberration. The proposed CV-CNN performance was compared to the coherence-based method by using microbubble tracks. We then confirmed the capability of the proposed network to generalize to transcranial in vivo data in the mouse brain (n=3). Vascular reconstructions using a locally predicted aberration function included additional and sharper vessels. The CV-CNN was more robust than the coherence-based method and could perform aberration correction in a 6-month-old mouse. After correction, we measured a resolution of $15.6~\mu \text{m}$ for younger mice, representing an improvement of 25.8%, while the resolution was improved by 13.9% for the 6-month-old mouse. This work leads to different applications for complex-valued convolutions in biomedical imaging and strategies to perform transcranial ULM.

La gêne esthétique est une des principales plaintes des patients avec une scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent (SIA). Plusieurs études ont montré une amélioration significative des scores d’image de soi après gibbectomie. Cependant, les effets de la gibbectomie sur la fonction pulmonaire et le résultat clinique restent débattus. L’objectif était d’analyser les bénéfices et les risques de la gibbectomie lors d’une chirurgie de SIA en utilisant un montage hybride avec des bandes sous-lamaires.

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1–6in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.

ABSTRACTRecent research highlighted the use and role played by digital technologies supporting marine spatial planning (MSP), especially geoportals. This research seldom considers to study an overview of the role of digital technologies and examines the digitalization of marine governance in planning. Employing a critical cartography framework and assemblage theory, we elaborate on the use of geoportal and public involvement in the digital turn of MSP. We show how the digital turn in marine planning is taking place at different levels depending on: the functionalities present on geoportals, the political support for MSP implementation, the regions of the world, and the level of plan development. According to the three dimensions of digital (marine) governance (Kloppenburg et al., 2022), we reveal that the role of geoportal in MSP is a part of the first dimension by seeing and knowing, sometimes the second dimension by self-engagement and in the most advanced forms of geoportal part of the third dimension by leading actions and interventions. In general, we find that the geoportal is more of a facade than a tool for doing MSP. The digital turn in marine planning is real but does not yet allow the public to be a real stakeholder in the process.

AbstractRecent technological advances, from artificial intelligence to genome editing, are made into innovation monsters, that is, demonstrable objects of public admiration or public fear, which do not exist without being displayed, are connected with anticipations of progress or catastrophe, and cause pervasive uncertainties about their future evolutions. In this paper, I investigate the politics of innovation monsters by analyzing recent manifestations of the regulatory sandbox. Heralded by innovation enthusiasts across the globe, many regulatory sandboxes aim to tame innovation monsters. In doing so, they also trust innovation to provide relevant answers to public problems. Other regulatory sandboxes illustrate a shift from a concern with containing risks to the imperative to realize the potential of innovation by suspending the rules suspected to restrain its progress. It feeds an understanding of policy as innovation-based. This innovation-based policy makes innovators central political actors and innovation the engine of permanently destabilized policy action.

Nowadays sustainable agriculture exploits new technologies such as internet of things (IoT) mixed with community engagement and participation that represent a great potential for addressing sustainability goals at large. This paper presents a low-cost community-based control system for remote monitoring of surrounding parameters and other sustainability indicators such as quantity of yearly harvests, yearly local employments and so on with the use of sensors. The hardware system includes an air quality sensor, an air humidity and temperature sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a real time clock providing the time and an SD card to record the collected data. The designed tool gathers both data from sensors and incoming data from community through SMS which are therefore processed and forwarded to a specific online dashboard to support community decision-making, thus forming the community control system feedback loop. Experimental results from the considered agricultural community project show that the system works well and could be used in other similar and/or larger scale projects.

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Bacterial regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are important players to control gene expression. In Staphylococcus aureus, SprC is an antivirulent trans-acting sRNA known to base-pair with the major autolysin atlmRNA, preventing its translation. Using MS2-affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing, we looked for its sRNA-RNA interactome and identified 14 novel mRNA targets. In vitro biochemical investigations revealed that SprC binds two of them, czrBand deoD,and uses a single accessible region to regulate its targets, including Atl translation. Unlike Atl regulation, the characterization of the SprC-czrBinteraction pinpointed a destabilization of the czrABcotranscript, leading to a decrease of the mRNA level that impaired CzrB zinc efflux pump expression. On a physiological standpoint, we showed that SprC expression is detrimental to combat against zinc toxicity. In addition, phagocyctosis assays revealed a significant, but moderate, increase of czrBmRNA levels in a sprC-deleted mutant, indicating a functional link between SprC and czrBupon internalization in macrophages, and suggesting a role in resistance to both oxidative and zinc bursts. Altogether, our data uncover a novel pathway in which SprC is implicated, highlighting the multiple strategies used by S. aureusto balance virulence using an RNA regulator.

ObjectiveTo analyse the association between Ankle-GO score during the return to sport process and the probability of becoming a coper 1 year after lateral ankle sprain (LAS). Copers were defined as patients returning to their preinjury sport without loss of function and reporting no episodes of reinjury or giving-way.MethodsTwo months after a LAS, patients performed the Ankle-GO assessment which includes a cluster of four functional tests and two self-reported questionnaires for a maximum score of 25 points. One year after injury, participants were classified as copers or non-copers. Eight potential predictive variables associated with coper status were compared between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve (AUC)) and multivariable logistic regression models with OR and 95% CIs were used to determine the association of potential factors, including the Ankle-GO score, with copers.Results64 patients (56% females; age 33.7±13.2 years) completed the Ankle-GO-GO at 2 months postinjury. At 1 year postinjury, 10 patients (15%) were lost to follow-up, and only 17 of 54 patients (31%) became copers. Two-month Ankle-GO score was higher among copers (9.9±4.9 points vs 6.9±3.7, p=0.015) and was associated with future coper status at 1 year (AUC=0.70). Patients with an Ankle-GO score above 11 points and male patients were more likely to become copers (OR=12.1; 95% CI 2.5 to 59, p=0.002 and OR=5.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 22.4, p=0.026, respectively).ConclusionThe Ankle-GO may help identify patients more likely to become copers within a year of injury. Those with low Ankle-GO scores and female patients should receive additional rehabilitation to increase the odds of becoming a coper.

We fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pterorhachis zenkeri, characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and determined their antioxidant potentials in vitro. Results confirmed the fabrication of AgNPs by using P. zenkerias a bioreducing agent for the first time. AgNPs possessed potent antioxidant activity in vitro.Furthermore, the TM3 cells were treated for 24 h with AgNPs, vitamin E and cyclophosphamide (CP) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 µg/ml). The cells morphology, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (MMD), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), caspase 3/9, oxidative stress-related enzymes, testosterone, and the mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) were measured. Results revealed that AgNPs, vitamin E and CP decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect the TM3 cells morphology after treatment. The cytotoxicity of CP in TM3 cells was alleviated after AgNPs application. For instance, AgNPs significantly (p< 0.001–0.05) reduced the MMD, ROS production, and caspase 3/9 activities, but increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the TM3 cells. Moreover, AgNPs improved testosterone production by activating StAR machineries. These results indicate that AgNPs/P. zenkericould be a potential alternative drug in the management of oxidative stress and androgen deficit associated with CP chemotherapy.

This paper introduces “Alarm Webs”, a pioneering framework designed to decode the dynamics of Radio Access Network (RAN) alarms, utilizing a novel graph-theoretic approach. Leveraging directed graphs (digraphs), this work uniquely encodes RAN alarm data, with each alarm represented as a node and its severity indicated by distinct colors. The edges of these graphs signify the sequence of alarms, creating a directional flow from one alarm to the next. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from a major telecommunications service provider in the UK, encompassing alarms from 4G and 5G networks across over 7,000 base stations, the framework ofers an unprecedented analysis of alarm patterns and interactions. The proposed methodology involves the calculation of in-degrees and out-degrees for each node, identifying those with in-degrees higher than four as significant indicators of commonly resulting alarms. This threshold-based selection is instrumental in isolating the most impactful alarms. Additionally, the application of Sankey diagrams brings an intuitive visualization of alarm causality, based on the in-degree centrality of the nodes. This approach not only clarifies the complex interrelationships among alarms but also aids in identifying potential cascading issues within the network. By effectively mapping alarm sequences and identifying key alarms, this framework paves the way for enhanced network reliability and proactive maintenance strategies in the ever-evolving telecommunications landscape.

Within the SILVARSTAR project, a user-friendly frequency-based hybrid prediction tool has been developed to assess the environmental impact of railway-induced vibration. This tool is integrated in existing noise mapping software. Following modern vibration standards and guidelines, the vibration velocity level in a building in each frequency band is expressed as the sum of a force density (source term), line source transfer mobility (propagation term) and building correction factor (receiver term). A hybrid approach is used that allows for a combination of experimental data and numerical predictions, providing increased flexibility and applicability. The train and track properties can be selected from a database or entered as numerical values. The user can select soil impedance and transfer functions from a database, pre-computed for a wide range of parameters with state-of-the-art models. An experimental database of force densities, transfer functions, free field vibration and input parameters is also provided. The building response is estimated by means of building correction factors. Assumptions within the modelling approach are made to reduce computation time but these can influence prediction accuracy; this is quantified for the case of a nominal intercity train running at different speeds on a ballasted track supported by homogeneous soil of varying stiffness. The paper focuses on the influence of these parameters on the compliance of the track–soil system and the free field response. We also demonstrate the use and discuss the validation of the vibration prediction tool for the case of a high-speed train running on a ballasted track in Lincent (Belgium).

Abstract: Sudden oak death is a disease affecting coastal forests in California and southern Oregon. The spatial pattern of disease dynamics is important for forest and landscape pathology; in this work we investigated the interaction across landscape scales of disease symptomology in coast live oaks, Quercus agrifolia, (trunk bleeding, presence of beetles, and presence of the fungus Hypoxylon thouarsianum) and tree mortality through time. We used two-dimensional spatial analysis tools with data gathered in point-centered-quarter format in 2001 and 2004 to quantify the population density of the disease through time; to examine the spatial pattern of tree mortality across scales through time; and to examine the spatial co-occurrence of disease symptoms with crown mortality through time. Early in the study period dead trees were strongly clustered at smaller scales (~300 m) and after three years this clustering was less pronounced. Bleeding on trees occurred in clusters away from dead trees, particularly in 2004, likely indicating a new cohort of infected trees. The presence of H. thouarsianum was strongly related to overstory mortality through time. Beetle-infested trees co-occurred with mortality in 2001. By 2004, they occurred throughout the forest, and were less strongly correlated with overstory tree mortality, suggesting a future peak of tree mortality.