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The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding malted barley (MB) as a source of exogenous α-amylase to finishing beef steers on growth performance and methane (CH4) emissions.

Dryland crops rely on precipitation as their exclusive water source, but storm water runoff decreases the amount available for biomass and grain production. Management practices that minimize runoff often increase the opportunity time for infiltration and improve precipitation storage as soil water. Our objective was to quantify storm water runoff from contour farmed terraces in relation to precipitation and field characteristics and then relate runoff to soil water at planting and yields of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] grown in a 3‐yr wheat–sorghum–fallow (WSF) rotation. Comparisons of long‐term (1984–2010) runoff observations indicated mean annual runoff for both uncropped periods of the WSF rotation were significantly greater with no‐tillage (NT) than stubble‐mulch (SM) tillage. By contrast, soil loss was greater for SM than NT because residue cover of undisturbed NT soil was less subject to entrainment and loss. Increasing field slope from 1.2 to 1.8% produced greater fallow runoff, which is water lost from dryland production. Nevertheless, soil water was significantly greater with NT, which reduced evaporative losses during fallow compared with SM. Long‐term wheat yields exhibited no difference due to tillage, but NT grain sorghum yields increased significantly over SM tillage. The data show that while runoff with NT was typically greater than SM, profile soil water at planting was also greater for NT and increased grain sorghum yields significantly. We conclude that decreasing evaporative water losses with NT residues is the primary factor affecting soil water conservation.

Core IdeasSoil loss tended higher (>40%) with grazing, but tillage increased soil loss significantly.Infiltration increased with tillage and did not vary with grazing during either fallow phase.Combined grazing and NT management decreased infiltration without tillage to disrupt compaction. Depletion of the High Plains Aquifer that supplies irrigation water for the semiarid Southern Great Plains may necessitate dryland production of crops like wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] using the wheat–sorghum–fallow (WSF) rotation. Reduced crop productivity without irrigation can be offset by intensifying the WSF rotation with cattle (Bos taurus) grazing. Biomass removal and soil trampling without tillage, however, may reduce rain infiltration and storage during fallow that increases with no‐tillage (NT) over stubble‐mulch (SM) tillage. Our objective was to quantify grazing and tillage effects on infiltration, sediment transport, and aggregate stability during fallow periods after sorghum and wheat. Using a split plot randomized complete block design, we compared wet aggregate size distribution of a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll; 0.0–0.05 m) and sediment yield in runoff of simulated rain during the fallow‐like idle period after wheat and the sorghum fallow. Sediment concentration and yield for both fallows were numerically larger (>40%) with grazing. Sediment concentration from SM tillage increased significantly over NT for either fallow, but soil loss differed only for wheat fallow. Mean final infiltration rate (IRf) and amount (IA60) did not differ significantly with grazing during either fallow, but IA60 was usually 20% lower for grazed than for ungrazed paddocks. Because SM tillage after grazed wheat significantly (P< 0.01) increased IRfand IA60 over NT, occasional SM tillage to disrupt compaction from trampling may increase water conservation for dryland cropping systems combining grazing with NT residue management.

High grazing pressure can lead to soil erosion in pastures, causing increased sediment delivery to waterways. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the impact of grazing management and buffer strips on soil erosion by assessing soil physical properties, hydrology, and sediment loads from pastures fertilized with broiler litter. Field studies were conducted for 12 yr on 15 small watersheds. Five management strategies were evaluated: hayed (H), continuously grazed (CG), rotationally grazed (R), rotationally grazed with a buffer strip (RB), and rotationally grazed with a fenced riparian buffer (RBR). Broiler litter was applied every year at a rate of 5.6 Mg ha−1. Bulk density and penetration resistance were highest for CG watersheds. Runoff volumes, sediment concentrations, and loads were lowest for the H and RBR treatments and highest for CG. Average runoff amounts were 48, 84, 77, 60, and 81 mm yr−1for the H, R, RB, RBR, and CG treatments, respectively. Annual average sediment loads were 25, 30, 58, 71, and 110 kg ha−1for H, RBR, R, RB, and CG, respectively. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Version 2 was reasonably effective at predicting soil loss for the R, RB, and RBR treatments, but it greatly overpredicted soil loss from the CG and H treatments. Converting a pasture to a hay field or using rotational grazing in conjunction with a fenced riparian buffer appear to be effective options for reducing soil erosion and runoff to waterways from pasture soils. Bulk density and penetration resistance increased in continuously grazed watersheds.Continuous grazing increased total suspended solids load in runoff.Haying resulted in the lowest runoff volumes and sediment loads of all treatments.Rotational grazing with a fenced riparian buffer was effective in reducing erosion.

Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies can cause a systematic El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) coupling with the atmosphere to produce predictable weather patterns in much of North America. Adapting irrigation strategies for drought‐tolerant crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) to exploit forecast climatic conditions represents one potential innovative technique for managing the declining Ogallala Aquifer beneath the US Southern High Plains. The crop simulation model GOSSYM was used with ENSO phase‐specific weather records during 1959 to 2000 at Bushland, TX, to estimate lint yields of cotton emerging on three dates from soil at 50 or 75% available water content for all possible combinations of irrigation durations (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk) and rates (2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mm d−1). From those data, our objective was to compare partial center pivot deficit irrigation strategies that optimize calculated net cotton lint yield in relation to ENSO phase, initial soil water content, and emergence date. Although phase classification in June was inconsistent with maturing fall phases, the most accurately classified La Niña phase had limited rain that reduced lint yields compared with wetter Neutral and El Niño phases. During La Niña phase conditions, irrigation strategies that focused fixed water resources on smaller areas were better suited to increase net yield than spreading water across larger areas. Alternatively, during less predictable and wetter Neutral and El Niño phases, irrigation strategies that spread water increased net lint yield over focused applications except when both initial soil water and irrigation amount were limiting.

The declining High Plains or Ogallala Aquifer motivates U.S. producers to optimize water use and yield of drought‐tolerant crops like cotton [Gossypium hirsutum(L.)]. Systematic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) drive the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), resulting in predictable weather patterns in North America that could be exploited by irrigation strategies. Our objective was to compare cotton yield response to irrigation as altered by La Niña, Neutral, or El Niño phases for the Texas High Plains. We used actual 1959 to 2000 weather records with the simulation model GOSSYM to estimate lint yields for three progressively later emergence dates under 50 or 75% initial soil water conditions and all combinations of irrigation duration (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk) and rate (2.5, 3.75,and 5.0 mm d−1). Simulated lint yield and its ratio to evapotranspiration generally decreased with emergence delays and increased with increasing irrigation amount and application rate. Growing season precipitation varied with ENSO phase, but April to June phase classification was inconsistent with fall conditions except for La Niña. Compared with yield estimates for Neutral and El Niño phases, limited rain during La Niña years reduced lint yields from 5 to 30% when initial soil water was 75 and 50%. Yield increased with increasing irrigation rate and duration during drier La Niña growing seasons, but irrigation benefits decreased during Neutral and El Niño years having greater precipitation. Early ENSO based extended forecasts for La Niña related consistently to irrigation effects on yield and could determine application strategies.

An 84-d grazing experiment was conducted in 2 growing seasons to evaluate interactions of stocking rate and steroidal implants with BW gain and symptoms of toxicosis in yearling steers grazing endemic endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.). A 4 × 2 factoral design was used to evaluate 4 stocking rates (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 steers/ ha) with or without steroidal implants (200 mg of progesterone + 20 mg of estradiol benzoate). Treatment combinations were randomly assigned to eight 1-ha pastures of E+ Kentucky-31 tall fescue (i.e., treatments were not replicated). Treatment effects were analyzed for ADG, total BW gain per hectare, forage availability, and hair coat ratings. At the conclusion of grazing in the second year (22 June), steers were placed on a bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] pasture, and rectal temperatures and serum prolactin concentrations were monitored for 10 d to assess carryover effects of stocking rate and steroidal implants on recovery from toxicosis-related heat stress. Forage availability differed (P<0.001) between years, but there were no year × treatment interactions (P>0.10). There was an implant × stocking rate interaction (P<0.05) on ADG. Differences between the slopes in the regression equations indicated that ADG responded to implantation when stocking rates were low, but the response diminished as stocking rate increased. Stocking rate did not influence (P= 0.89) postgraze rectal temperature, but the regression intercept for implanted steers was 0.4° C greater (P<0.05) than for nonimplanted steers, and the difference was consistent across the entire 10-d fescue-free grazing period. Concentrations of prolactin increased during the 10-d fescue-free grazing period, but trends differed due to an implantation × stocking rate interaction (P<0.05). Results indicate that implantation with progesterone + estradiol benzoate increases ADG with lower stocking rates, but the effect diminishes with increased grazing intensity. Implantation with steroid hormones increased rectal temperatures, but during a fescue-free grazing period rectal temperatures and serum prolactins for implanted and nonimplanted steers returned to values indicative of a stable and healthy status in a 192- to 240-h (i.e., an 8- to 10-d) period. However, because the treatments used in this study were not replicated, these observations need to be confirmed with replicated studies.

Rhizome production has been transferred from wild germplasm of Lotus corniculatusL. (broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil) into domesticated germplasm to produce ‘ARS‐2620’ and ‘ARS‐2424’ (a L. corniculatus× L. uliginosushybrid). The objective of this study was to determine if field environments in the United States differing in latitude affect rhizome expression in genotypes of ARS‐2620 and ARS‐2424. Ramets of rhizomatous genotypes of ARS‐2620 and ARS‐2424, and nonrhizomatous ‘Norcen’ were planted at seven locations in late July and August 1999. At five locations in 2000 and 2001, dormant plants were hand‐dug in late autumn or winter. Traits measured were mean crown‐plus‐root mass, crown circumference, and percentage survival for all entries, and rhizome mass for the two rhizomatous entries. Significant (P≤ 0.001) location × genotype effects were observed for all traits in 2000, but only for percentage survival in 2001. In 2001, the effect of locations was significant for all traits (P≤ 0.001), but genotype effects were significant (P≤ 0.001) only for crown circumference and percentage survival. The rhizomatous entries were larger in circumference and had a greater crown‐plus‐root mass than Norcen. Rhizomes appeared to be beneficial to plant survival and plant growth, but rhizomes did not assure performance or survival, as we did not identify a genotype that performed well across locations. High plant mortality and extensive tissue necrosis caused by root and crown‐rot complex reduced overall plant performance and rhizome expression and masked the interpretive value of the data from the five locations. Plants grown in Logan, UT, were notable for their large size and rhizome production relative to the other locations, and as having advantageous, but undefined, environmental conditions beneficial to the performance of rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil.

Applications of animal manures have increased soil test P values in many parts of the USA and thus increased the risk that soil P will be transferred to surface water and decrease water quality. To continue farming these areas, landowners need tools to reduce the risk of P losses. A field experiment was conducted near Kurten, TX, on a Zulch fine sandy loam (thermic Udertic Paleustalfs) with Bray‐1 P values exceeding 3000 mg P kg−1soil (dry wt.) in the Aphorizon to evaluate the effectiveness of soil amendments for reducing soil test P values. Soils were amended annually from 1999 to 2001 with 1.5 and 5.0 Mg gypsum ha−1, 1.4 Mg alum ha−1, or 24.4 Mg ha−1of waste paper product high in Al alone or in combination with 1.5 Mg gypsum ha−1and/or 1.4 Mg alum ha−1These treatments supplied a maximum of 225 and 1163 kg ha−1yr−1of Al and Ca, respectively. Soil Bray‐1 P and dissolved reactive P levels were monitored from 1999 to 2004. None of the soil amendment treatments affected Bray‐1 P values. Only annual additions of 5.0 Mg gypsum ha−1from 1999 to 2001 significantly reduced soil dissolved reactive P. Dissolved reactive P levels reached minimal levels after two applications of 5.0 Mg gypsum ha−1but increased in 2003 and 2004. These results indicate that soil dissolved reactive P levels can be reduced if sufficient amounts of gypsum were added to supply Ca in amounts similar to the soil test P values.

The mitochondrial citrate transport protein (CTP) has been investigated by replacing 22 consecutive residues within transmembrane domain IV, one at a time, with cysteine. A cysteine-less CTP retaining wild-type functional properties served as the starting template. The single Cys CTP variants were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, isolated, and functionally reconstituted in a liposomal system. The accessibility of each single Cys mutant to three methanethiosulfonate reagents was evaluated by determining the pseudo first order rate constants for inhibition of CTP function. These rate constants varied by seven orders of magnitude. With three independent data sets we observed peaks and troughs in the rate constant data at identical amino acid positions and a periodicity of four was observed from residues 177-193. Based on the pattern of accessibility we conclude that residues 177-193 exist as an alpha-helix. Furthermore, a water-accessible face of the helix has been defined consisting of Pro-177, Val-178, Arg-181, Gln-182, Asn-185, Gln-186, Arg-189, Leu-190, and Tyr-193, and a water-inaccessible face has been delineated consisting of Ser-179, Met-180, Ala-183, Ala-184, Ala-187, Val-188, Gly-191, and Ser-192. We infer that the water-accessible face comprises a portion of the substrate translocation pathway through the CTP, whereas the water-inaccessible surface faces the lipid bilayer.

Cs[(CF3)3BNH2] reacts with CF3NO to form cesium trans-trifluoromethyldiazenido-tris(trifluoromethyl) borate Cs[(CF3)3BN=NCF3] (2), the structure of which has been investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The diazene nature of the anion is confirmed by the length of the N=N bond, 1.231(6) Å, and the size of the N-N-B angle, 115.5(4)° - the B-N bond length being 1.559(7) A. Compound 2 is hitherto the first diazenidoborate which has been fully characterized

To facilitate the development of forages with mineral composition optimal for ruminant production, knowledge of the biochemical and physiological processes determining genotypic differences in nutrient uptake is needed. Experiments were conducted to identify the mechanism(s) that regulated the difference in leaf blade K concentration between two selections of Lolium× Festucahybriderivatives. Selection differences in rates of K uptake werestimated by measuring Rb uptake by excised roots, and the selectivity of cation uptake for K over Na was determined using intact tillers grown in modified Hoagland's solutions containing varying ratios of K:Na. Differences in Rb uptake by excised roots were of sufficient magnitude to explain differences in leaf blade K concentration. Results indicate differences in K and Na uptake between these two selections reflected an alteration in cation uptake selectivity by roots. Perturbing the plasma membrane integrity by Ca depletion treatments eliminated the difference between selections in K uptake but not in Na uptake. Differences in K uptake were associated with differences in the stimulation of the plasma membrane ATPase by K. These results were interpreted in terms of at least two transport processes contributing to the differences in leaf blade cation concentrations, one process on the plasma membrane affecting K accumulation and another affecting Na accumulation, possibly on the tonoplast membrane.

Reductive dehalogenation of the bifunctional methylene bridged halogenphosphines XRP-CH2—PRX (X = Cl, Br; R = iPr, tBu, 2,4,6-R′3C6H2(R′ = Me, iPr, tBu), N(SiMe3)2and 2,6,4-tBu2MeC6H2—O) with diironenneacarbonyl affords phosphido complexes with strained RP—CH2—PR backbones, Fe2(CO)6[(μ2-PR)2CH2] (8a-8g). X-Ray structural analyses of the 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2(8d) and 2,6,4-tBu2MeC6H2—O derivatives (8g) reveal that the Fe2P2C skeletons have remarkably small P—C—P angles (83,7(4)° (8d), 78,6(1)° (8g)).

Copper(1) phosphido complexes containing electron deficient μ3-PRR' bridges are formed by P-Si cleavage reactions in silylphoshines with CuCl or by depolymerization of polymeric [Cu(PPh2)]n with PMe3 or PMe3/CuCl.

(Dimethylamino)bis(trifluoromethyl)borane, (CF3)2BNMe2 (1), combines with N-sulfinylsulfonamides R&sbd;O2S&sbd;N&dbd;S&dbd;O in a [2 + 2] fashion to form (CF3)2B−NMe2−S(O)−N−SO2R (R = Me (2a), Et (2b), iPr (2c), Ph (2d), and pTol (2e)). Aminoiminophosphines RN&dbd;P&sbd;NR2‘ react with 1 analogously to yield the heterocycles (CF3)2B−NMe2−P(NR2‘)−NR (R = SiMe3, NR2‘ = N(SiMe3)2 (3a), TMP (3b); R = tBu, NR2‘ = N(SiMe3)tBu (3c), NiPr2 (3d), TMP (3e)). Carbodiimides R&sbd;N&dbd;C&dbd;N&sbd;R add to the B&dbd;N bond of 1 to give unstable adducts (CF3)2B−NMe2−C(NR)−NR which rearrange at 20 °C to yield the four-membered heterocycles (CF3)2B−NR−C(NMe2)−NR (R = iPr (5a), cC6H11 (5b)). For carbodiimides with aryl substituents R = pXC6H4, this rearrangement competes with an internal electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction and mixtures of the two isomers (CF3)2B−NC6H4X−C(NMe2)−NC6H4X (X = H (5c), Me (5d), OMe (5e)) and (CF3)2B−CCHCXCHCHC−NH−C(NMe2)−N(C6H4X) (X = H (6c), Me (6d), OMe (6e)) are obtained. Ph&sbd;N&dbd;C&dbd;CMe2 combines with 1 to form the four-membered ring (CF3)2B−CMe2−C(NMe2)−NPh (8). F3C−CH2−N&dbd;S&dbd;O undergoes an ene-type reaction with 1 by which the dimethylamine borane (F3C&sbd;HC&dbd;N&sbd;S(&dbd;O))(CF3)2B·NHMe2 (9) is formed. The constitution of the novel boron compounds has been deduced from multinuclear NMR, IR, and mass spectra. The structures of 2a, 3c, 5c, 6d, 6e, and 8 have been investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

In rabbit kidney cells infected with strains of Herpes simplex virus producing either cell-rounding or polycaryocytosis, Vinblastine induced paracrystals. This could be shown by phase-contrast- and electron-microscopy. Infections were done under one-step-growth conditions or at low MOI.

Treatment of the bifunctional chlorophosphine R2P-CH2-PRCl (R = tBu) with diironenneacarbonyl affords the binuclear complex Fe2(CO)6[μ2,η3-P (tBu )-CH2-P(tBu)-CMe2-CH2] (2) by oxidative addition reaction and metallation of one of the tBu groups within the tBu2P - CH2unit. At elevated temperatures 2 eliminates isobutene, the phosphido complex Fe2(CO)6[(μ2-P(tBu))2CH2] (3) being formed. The crystal structure of 2 (space group P1̄ with a = 8.663(3), b = 10.849(4), c = 14.618(6) Å, α = 103.02(2), β = 96.32(3), γ = 112.77(2)°, Z = 2) reveals a binuclear complex with a P(tBu) - CH2- P(tBu) - CMe2- CH2ligand backbone spanning the Fe - Fe bond via a phosphido (μ2-P(tBu)(CH2)) and a phosphinoalkyl (μ2-P(tBu)-CMe2-CH2) bridge. A strained, four-membered P2CFe ring is formed through coordination of the P - C - P donor set to Fe(2).

To further elucidate the mechanisms of differential genotypic tolerance to Al, plasma membrane (PM) vesicles were isolated from whole roots, root tips, and tipless roots of Al3+-sensitive and Al3+-tolerant cultivars (cv) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Scout 66 and cv Atlas 66, respectively). Vesicles from cv Scout root tips sorbed more Al than vesicles prepared from any other source. The intrinsic surface-charge density of vesicles isolated from cv Scout was 26% more negative than vesicles from cv Atlas (-37.2 versus -29.5 millicoulombs m-2). Growth experiments indicated that cv Scout is slightly more sensitive to La3+ than is cv Atlas, that the cultivars are equally sensitive to H+, and that cv Atlas is slightly more sensitive to SeO42-. The difference in sensitivity to Al3+ was very large; for a 50% inhibition, a 16-fold greater activity of Al3+ was required for cv Atlas. Using a newly developed Gouy-Chapman-Stern model for ion sorption to the PM together with growth-response curves, we estimate that the difference in surface-charge density can account for the slightly greater sensitivity of cv Scout to cationic toxicants and the slightly greater sensitivity of cv Atlas to anionic toxicants. According to our estimates the differences in PM surface negativity and Al sorptive capacity probably account for some of the difference in sensitivity to Al3+, but the greater part of the difference probably arises from other tolerance mechanisms expressed in cv Atlas root tips that reduce the amount of Al3+ that can reach the PM.

Proton pumps of tonoplast membranes have been studied extensively in vitro, but data concerning their regulation in vivo are lacking. Effects of either anoxia, or the addition of KCN, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (deoxy-glucose), or bafilomycin-A1 (BAF) on vacuolar pH of maize (Zea mays L.) root hair cells were followed by fluorescence microscopy after loading of 2[prime]7[prime]-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6) carboxyfluorescein. Root hair cells were able to maintain vacuolar acidity for at least 2 h in the presence of either 10 mM KCN or 50 mM deoxy-glucose or during anoxia. Treatments with either deoxy-glucose or KCN reduced total tissue ATP more than anoxia. ADP accumulated during anoxia and treatment with KCN as detected by in vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy, but not during deoxy-glucose treatment. With control roots and roots treated with deoxy-glucose, the presence of BAF, a specific inhibitor of the V-type ATPase, caused alkalization of the vacuolar pH. However, either in the presence of KCN or under anoxic conditions, BAF was relatively ineffective in dissipating vacuolar acidity. Therefore, under anoxia or in the presence of KCN, unlike the situation with air or deoxy-glucose, the V-type ATPase apparently is not required for maintenance of vacuolar acidity.

Two major subclasses of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen were separated by zone velocity sedimentation of crude extracts from productively infected cells. These subclasses, which have been shown to differ biologically and biochemically (Fanning et al., 1981), sedimented at 5‐6S and 14‐16S. The amount of T antigen in each form was estimated by complement fixation and by immunoprecipitation of T antigen from extracts of cells chronically labeled with [35S]methionine. Each form of T antigen was tested for specific binding to end‐labeled restriction fragments of SV40 DNA using an immunoprecipitation assay. The 5‐6S and 14‐16S forms of T antigen both bound specifically to DNA sequences in the SV40 HindIII C fragment. The sequences required for binding both forms were localized in the same 35‐bp region of the origin. However, significant differences in binding activity and affinity for specific and nonspecific DNA were demonstrated. These properties suggest that T antigen subclasses may serve different functions in the lytically infected cell.

The method to identify the LDH isoenzyme-pattern in tissues and its performance have been described. Similar investigations were carried out in the inner ear muscles in man, cow, pig, wether, cat, rabbit, guinea-pig and rat, and the results were discussed. The inner ear muscles are a functional unit. Opposite to many animals, the human inner ear muscles are stunted, and therefore they have no great importance in hearing.

Summary The distribution of the LDH isoenzymes of 40 human tonsils has been investigated electrophoretically. The aerobic and anaerobic metabolism was observed without any sex predominance. With the advance of age the paratonsil tissue and the epithelial crypts showed a small displacement towards the anaerobic metabolism. In cases of chronic relapsing tonsillitis with vocal disease the aerobic character especially in the paratonsil tissue was distinctly increased, and in paratonsillitiden and their epithelial crypts were distinctly decreased. Abnormal results were obtained in one patient who suffered from Langdon-Down's disease.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a recognized cause of gastrointestinal symptoms including food impaction, dysphagia, and heartburn. In eosinophilic airway diseases, alcohol ingestion can trigger allergic symptoms, and many EoE patients are intolerant of alcohol.

Profiles Claudette Munson, an organizer in the worker-led movement pressuring defense contractors to convert their production lines to consumer products to try to save jobs. Minnesota Governor Rudy Perpich; St. Paul Mayor Jim Scheibel; Unisys; IBEW Local 2047; Defense Department cuts and the merger of the Sperry and Burroughs Corporations eliminated many jobs.

The μ3‐phosphido‐bridged Cu(I) compounds (IV), (VIII), and (IX) are obtained according to the scheme.

Depending upon which reaction conditions are employed, treatment of (Ia) with (IIa) leads to either (III), and/or (IV), or (VIa) + (VII) (also accessible from (IV)).

Reaction of the bisphosphane (I) with CuCl (II) gives the complex (III), whose X‐ray structure (space group P21/a, Z=2) is reported.

Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of dichloro(amino)boranes such as (I) and subsequent protonation lead to adducts of the unknown Lewis acid B(CF3)3with sec. amines of the type (III) ((IIIb): space group Pnma, Z=4).

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Using mass and vibrational spectroscopy as well as single crystal XRD the two crystalline compounds obtained by reacting a SiF4/N2 mixture in a glow discharge tube are identified to be (I) and (II), respectively.