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35 results on '"Bottom, Michael"'

1. Visible-light high-contrast imaging polarimetry at Subaru

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Lucas, Miles, Norris, Barnaby, Guyon, Olivier, Bottom, Michael, Deo, Vincent, Vievard, Sébastien, Lozi, Julien, Ahn, Kyohoon, Ashcraft, Jaren, Currie, Thayne, Doelman, David, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Lilley, Lucinda, Leboulleux, Lucie, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell, Safonov, Boris, Tuthill, Peter, Uyama, Taichi, Walk, Aidan, and Zhang, Manxuan

Published
2024
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3. Visible-light High-contrast Imaging and Polarimetry with SCExAO/VAMPIRES

Author

Lucas, Miles, Norris, Barnaby, Guyon, Olivier, Bottom, Michael, Deo, Vincent, Vievard, Sébastien, Lozi, Julien, Ahn, Kyohoon, Ashcraft, Jaren, Currie, Thayne, Doelman, David, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Leboulleux, Lucie, Lilley, Lucinda, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell, Safonov, Boris, Tuthill, Peter, Uyama, Taichi, Walk, Aidan, and Zhang, Manxuan

Abstract

We present significant upgrades to the Visible Aperture-Masking Polarimetric Imager/Interferometer for Resolving Exoplanetary Signatures (VAMPIRES) instrument, a visible-light (600–800 nm) high-contrast imaging polarimeter integrated within SCExAO on the Subaru telescope. Key enhancements include new qCMOS detectors, coronagraphs, polarization optics, and a multiband imaging mode, improving sensitivity, resolution, and efficiency. These upgrades position VAMPIRES as a powerful tool for studying sub-stellar companions, accreting protoplanets, circumstellar disks, stellar jets, stellar mass-loss shells, and solar system objects. The instrument achieves angular resolutions from 17 to 21 mas and Strehl ratios up to 60%, with 5σcontrast limits of 10−4at 0.″1 to 10−6beyond 0.″5. We demonstrate these capabilities through spectro-polarimetric coronagraphic imaging of the HD 169142 circumstellar disk, ADI+SDI imaging of the sub-stellar companion HD 1160B, narrowband Hαimaging of the R Aqr emission nebula, and spectro-polarimetric imaging of Neptune.

Published
2024
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7. Polarimetric, non-redundant aperture masking with next generation VAMPIRES: new instrumental capabilities, scientific outcomes, and image reconstruction techniques

Author

Kammerer, Jens, Sallum, Stephanie, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Lilley, Lucinda, Norris, Barnaby, Tuthill, Peter, Spalding, Eckhart, Lucas, Miles, Zhang, Manxuan, Bottom, Michael, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell, Safonov, Boris, Guyon, Olivier, Lozi, Julien, Deo, Vincent, Vievard, Sébastien, Ahn, Kyohoon, and Ashcraft, Jaren

Published
2024
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11. Direct Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets Using Imaging Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

Author

Zhang, Jingwen, Bottom, Michael, and Serabyn, Eugene

Abstract

Space-based direct imaging provides prospects for detection and spectral characterization of exoplanets at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. Integral field spectrographs (IFS) have been historically baselined for these mission concepts. However, multiple studies have revealed that detector noise is a serious obstacle for such instruments when observing extremely faint targets such as Earth-like planets. Imaging Fourier transform spectrographs (iFTS) are generally less sensitive to detector noise, and have several other compelling features such as simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy, smaller-format detector requirements, and variable spectral resolving power. To date, they have not been studied as options for such missions. Here, we compare the capabilities of IFS and iFTS for directly obtaining spectra from an Earth-like planet using both analytic and numerical models. Specifically, we compare the required exposure times to achieve the same signal-to-noise ratio with the two architectures over a range of detector and optical system parameters. We find that for a 6 m telescope, an IFS outperforms an iFTS at optical wavelengths due to the effects of distributed photon noise. In the near-IR, the relative efficiency of an IFS and iFTS depends critically on the instrument design and detector noise. An iFTS will be more efficient than an IFS if the readout noise of the near-IR detector is above ∼2–3 e−pix−1frame−1(tfrm= 1000 s), which correspond to half to one-third of the state-of-art detector noise. However, if the readout noise is reduced below this threshold, the performance of an IFS will experience a substantial improvement and become more efficient. These results motivate consideration of an iFTS as an alternative option for future direct imaging space missions in the near-IR.

Published
2024
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12. Smartphone Screens as Astrometric Calibrators

Author

Walk, Aidan, Claveau, Charles-Antoine, Bottom, Michael, Chun, Mark, Jacobson, Shane, Service, Maxwell, and Lu, Jessica R.

Abstract

Geometric optical distortion is a significant contributor to the astrometric error budget in large telescopes using adaptive optics. To increase astrometric precision, optical distortion calibration is necessary. We investigate using smartphone Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) screens as astrometric calibrators. Smartphones are low-cost, have stable illumination, and can be quickly reconfigured to probe different spatial frequencies of an optical system’s geometric distortion. In this work, we characterize the astrometric accuracy of a Samsung S20 smartphone, with a view towards providing large format, flexible astrometric calibrators for the next generation of astronomical instruments. We find the placement error of the pixels to be 189nm ± 15nm Root Mean Square (RMS). At this level of error, milliarcsecond astrometric accuracy can be obtained on modern astronomical instruments.

Published
2023
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13. Review of high-contrast imaging systems for current and future ground-based and space-based telescopes: Part II. Common path wavefront sensing/control and coherent differential imaging

Author

Close, Laird M., Schreiber, Laura, Schmidt, Dirk, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Absil, Olivier, Baudoz, Pierre, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bottom, Michael, Cady, Eric, Carlomagno, Brunella, Carlotti, Alexis, Doelman, David, Fogarty, Kevin, Galicher, Raphaël, Guyon, Olivier, Haffert, Sebastiaan, Huby, Elsa, Jewell, Jeffrey, Keller, Christoph, Kenworthy, Matthew A., Knight, Justin, Kühn, Jonas, Miller, Kelsey, Mazoyer, Johan, N'Diaye, Mamadou, Por, Emiel, Pueyo, Laurent, Riggs, A. J. E., Ruane, Garreth, Sirbu, Dan, Snik, Frans, Wallace, J. K., Wilby, Michael, and Ygouf, Marie

Published
2018
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15. Lessons for WFIRST CGI from ground-based high-contrast systems

Author

Lystrup, Makenzie, MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward C., Bailey, Vanessa P., Bottom, Michael, Cady, Eric, Cantalloube, Faustine, de Boer, Jozua, Groff, Tyler, Krist, John, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Vigan, Arthur, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Choquet, Elodie, De Rosa, Robert J., Girard, Julien H., Guyon, Olivier, Kern, Brian, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Macintosh, Bruce, Males, Jared R., Marois, Christian, Meshkat, Tiffany, Milli, Julien, N'Diaye, Mamadoue, Ngo, Henry, Nielsen, Eric L., Rhodes, Jason, Ruane, Garreth, van Holstein, Rob G., Wang, Jason J., and Xuan, Wenhao

Published
2018
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18. Attaining Doppler Precision of 10 cm s-1with a Lock-in Amplified Spectrometer

Author

Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Muirhead, Philip S., Bottom, Michael, Wallace, J. Kent, Vasisht, Gautam, and Asher Johnson, John

Abstract

We explore the radial velocity performance benefits of coupling starlight to a fast-scanning interferometer and a fast-readout spectrometer with zero readout noise. By rapidly scanning an interferometer, we can decouple wavelength calibration errors from precise radial velocity measurements, exploiting the advantages of lock-in amplification. In a Bayesian framework, we investigate the correlation between wavelength calibration errors and resulting radial velocity errors. We construct an end-to-end simulation of this approach to address the feasibility of achieving 10 cm s-1radial velocity precision on a typical Sun-like star using existing, 5 m-class telescopes. We find that such a precision can be reached in a single night, opening up possibilities for ground-based detections of Earth-Sun analog systems.

Published
2015
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21. Optimizing Doppler Surveys for Planet Yield

Author

Bottom, Michael, Muirhead, Philip S., Asher Johnson, John, and Blake, Cullen H.

Abstract

One of the most promising methods of discovering nearby, low-mass planets in the habitable zones of stars is the precision radial velocity technique. However, there are many challenges that must be overcome to efficiently detect low-amplitude Doppler signals. This is both due to the required instrumental sensitivity and the limited amount of observing time. In this article, we examine statistical and instrumental effects on precision radial velocity detection of extrasolar planets, an approach by which we maximize the planet yield in a fixed amount of observing time available on a given telescope. From this perspective, we show that Gand Kdwarfs observed at 400-600 nm are the best targets for surveys complete down to a given planet mass and out to a specified orbital period. Overall we find that Mdwarfs observed at 700-800 nm are the best targets for habitable-zone planets, particularly when including the effects of systematic noise floors. Also, we give quantitative specifications of the instrumental stability necessary to achieve the required velocity precision.

Published
2013
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22. High contrast imaging at the photon noise limit with self-calibrating WFS/C systems

Author

Shaklan, Stuart B., Ruane, Garreth J., Guyon, Olivier, Norris, Barnaby, Martinod, Marc-Antoine, Ahn, Kyohoon, Tuthill, Peter, Males, Jared, Wong, Alison, Skaf, Nour, Currie, Thayne, Miller, Kelsey, Bos, Steven, Lozi, Julien, Deo, Vincent, Vievard, Sebastien, Belikov, Ruslan, van Gorkom, Kyle, Haffert, Sebastiaan, Mazin, Benjamin, Bottom, Michael, Frazin, Richard, Rodack, Alexander, Groff, Tyler, Jovanovic, Nemanja, and Martinache, Frantz

Published
2021
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23. SCExAO: a testbed for developing high-contrast imaging technologies for ELTs

Author

Shaklan, Stuart B., Ruane, Garreth J., Ahn, Kyohoon, Guyon, Olivier, Lozi, Julien, Vievard, Sébastien, Deo, Vincent, Skaf, Nour, Belikov, Ruslan, Bos, Steven P., Bottom, Michael, Currie, Thayne, Frazin, Richard, V. Gorkom, Kyle, Groff, Tyler D., Haffert, Sebastiaan Y., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Kawahara, Hajime, Kotani, Takayuki, Males, Jared R., Martinache, Frantz, Mazin, Ben, Miller, Kelsey, Norris, Barnaby, Rodack, Alexander, and Wong, Alison

Published
2021
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26. First Radial Velocity Results From the MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA)

Author

Wilson, Maurice L., Eastman, Jason D., Cornachione, Matthew A., Wang, Sharon X., Johnson, Samson A., Sliski, David H., Schap III, William J., Morton, Timothy D., Johnson, John Asher, McCrady, Nate, Wright, Jason T., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Plavchan, Peter, Blake, Cullen H., Swift, Jonathan J., Bottom, Michael, Baker, Ashley D., Barnes, Stuart I., Berlind, Perry, Blackhurst, Eric, Beatty, Thomas G., Bolton, Adam S., Cale, Bryson, Calkins, Michael L., Colón, Ana, Vera, Jon de, Esquerdo, Gilbert, Falco, Emilio E., Fortin, Pascal, Garcia-Mejia, Juliana, Geneser, Claire, Gibson, Steven R., Grell, Gabriel, Groner, Ted, Halverson, Samuel, Hamlin, John, Henderson, M., Horner, J., Houghton, Audrey, Janssens, Stefaan, Jonas, Graeme, Jones, Damien, Kirby, Annie, Lawrence, George, Luebbers, Julien Andrew, Muirhead, Philip S., Myles, Justin, Nava, Chantanelle, Rivera-García, Kevin O, Reed, Tony, Relles, Howard M., Riddle, Reed, Robinson, Connor, de Saintonge, Forest Chaput, and Sergi, Anthony

Abstract

The MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA) is a dedicated observatory of four 0.7 m robotic telescopes fiber-fed to a KiwiSpec spectrograph. The MINERVA mission is to discover super-Earths in the habitable zones of nearby stars. This can be accomplished with MINERVA's unique combination of high precision and high cadence over long time periods. In this work, we detail changes to the MINERVA facility that have occurred since our previous paper. We then describe MINERVA's robotic control software, the process by which we perform 1D spectral extraction, and our forward modeling Doppler pipeline. In the process of improving our forward modeling procedure, we found that our spectrograph's intrinsic instrumental profile is stable for at least nine months. Because of that, we characterized our instrumental profile with a time-independent, cubic spline function based on the profile in the cross dispersion direction, with which we achieved a radial velocity precision similar to using a conventional "sum-of-Gaussians" instrumental profile: 1.8 m s?1over 1.5 months on the RV standard star HD 122064. Therefore, we conclude that the instrumental profile need not be perfectly accurate as long as it is stable. In addition, we observed 51 Peg and our results are consistent with the literature, confirming our spectrograph and Doppler pipeline are producing accurate and precise radial velocities.

Published
2019
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27. Minerva-Australis. I. Design, Commissioning, and First Photometric Results

Author

Addison, Brett, Wright, Duncan J., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, Jonathan, Mengel, Matthew W., Johns, Daniel, Marti, Connor, Nicholson, Belinda, Soutter, Jack, Bowler, Brendan, Crossfield, Ian, Kane, Stephen R., Kielkopf, John, Plavchan, Peter, Tinney, C. G., Zhang, Hui, Clark, Jake T., Clerte, Mathieu, Eastman, Jason D., Swift, Jon, Bottom, Michael, Muirhead, Philip, McCrady, Nate, Herzig, Erich, Hogstrom, Kristina, Wilson, Maurice, Sliski, David, Johnson, Samson A., Wright, Jason T., Johnson, John Asher, Blake, Cullen, Riddle, Reed, Lin, Brian, Cornachione, Matthew, Bedding, Timothy R., Stello, Dennis, Huber, Daniel, Marsden, Stephen, and Carter, Bradley D.

Abstract

The Minerva-Australis telescope array is a facility dedicated to the follow-up, confirmation, characterization, and mass measurement of planets orbiting bright stars discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)-a category in which it is almost unique in the Southern Hemisphere. It is located at the University of Southern Queensland's Mount Kent Observatory near Toowoomba, Australia. Its flexible design enables multiple 0.7 m robotic telescopes to be used both in combination, and independently, for high-resolution spectroscopy and precision photometry of TESStransit planet candidates. Minerva-Australis also enables complementary studies of exoplanet spin-orbit alignments via Doppler observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, radial velocity searches for nontransiting planets, planet searches using transit timing variations, and ephemeris refinement for TESSplanets. In this first paper, we describe the design, photometric instrumentation, software, and science goals of Minerva-Australis, and note key differences from its Northern Hemisphere counterpart, the Minervaarray. We use recent transit observations of four planets, WASP-2b, WASP-44b, WASP-45b, and HD 189733b, to demonstrate the photometric capabilities of Minerva-Australis.

Published
2019
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30. DARKNESS: A Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector Integral Field Spectrograph for High-contrast Astronomy

Author

Meeker, Seth R., Mazin, Benjamin A., Walter, Alex B., Strader, Paschal, Fruitwala, Neelay, Bockstiegel, Clint, Szypryt, Paul, Ulbricht, Gerhard, Coiffard, Grégoire, Bumble, Bruce, Cancelo, Gustavo, Zmuda, Ted, Treptow, Ken, Wilcer, Neal, Collura, Giulia, Dodkins, Rupert, Lipartito, Isabel, Zobrist, Nicholas, Bottom, Michael, Shelton, J. Chris, Mawet, Dimitri, van Eyken, Julian C., Vasisht, Gautam, and Serabyn, Eugene

Abstract

We present DARKNESS (the DARK-speckle Near-infrared Energy-resolving Superconducting Spectrophotometer), the first of several planned integral field spectrographs to use optical/near-infrared Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) for high-contrast imaging. The photon counting and simultaneous low-resolution spectroscopy provided by MKIDs will enable real-time speckle control techniques and post-processing speckle suppression at frame rates capable of resolving the atmospheric speckles that currently limit high-contrast imaging from the ground. DARKNESS is now operational behind the PALM-3000 extreme adaptive optics system and the Stellar Double Coronagraph at Palomar Observatory. Here, we describe the motivation, design, and characterization of the instrument, early on-sky results, and future prospects.

Published
2018
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31. Commissioning and first light results of an L'-band vortex coronagraph with the Keck II adaptive optics NIRC2 science instrument

Author

Marchetti, Enrico, Close, Laird M., Véran, Jean-Pierre, Femenía Castellá, Bruno, Serabyn, Eugene, Mawet, Dimitri, Absil, Olivier, Wizinowich, Peter, Matthews, Keith, Huby, Elsa, Bottom, Michael, Campbell, Randy, Chan, Dwight, Carlomagno, Brunella, Cetre, Sylvain, Defrère, Denis, Delacroix, Christian, Gomez Gonzalez, Carlos, Jolivet, Aïssa, Karlsson, Mikael, Lanclos, Kyle, Lilley, Scott, Milner, Steven, Ngo, Henry, Reggiani, Maddalena, Simmons, Julia, Tran, Hien, Vargas Catalan, Ernesto, and Wertz, Olivier

Published
2016
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34. Stellar Double Coronagraph: A Multistage Coronagraphic Platform at Palomar Observatory

Author

Bottom, Michael, Shelton, J. Chris, Wallace, James K., Bartos, Randall, Kuhn, Jonas, Mawet, Dimitri, Mennesson, Bertrand, Burruss, Rick, and Serabyn, Eugene

Abstract

We present a new instrument, the "Stellar Double Coronagraph," a flexible coronagraphic platform. Designed for Palomar Observatory's 200? Hale telescope, its two focal and pupil planes allow for a number of different observing configurations, including multiple vortex coronagraphs in series for improved contrast at small angles. We describe the motivation, design, observing modes, wavefront control approaches, data reduction pipeline, and early science results. We also discuss future directions for the instrument.

Published
2016
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35. Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array I: design, commissioning, and early photometric results

Author

Swift, Jonathan J., Bottom, Michael, Johnson, John A., Wright, Jason T., McCrady, Nate, Wittenmyer, Robert A., Plavchan, Peter, Riddle, Reed, Muirhead, Philip S., Herzig, Erich, Myles, Justin, Blake, Cullen H., Eastman, Jason, Beatty, Thomas G., Barnes, Stuart I., Gibson, Steven R., Lin, Brian, Zhao, Ming, Gardner, Paul, Falco, Emilio, Criswell, Stephen, Nava, Chantanelle, Robinson, Connor, Sliski, David H., Hedrick, Richard, Ivarsen, Kevin, Hjelstrom, Annie, de Vera, Jon, and Szentgyorgyi, Andrew

Published
2015
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