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ABSTRACTESG (Environmental, social, and corporate governance) parameters are involved in investing-related decision-making. DESG (Dominantly ESG) related investing represents a complex tasks studied under severe information shortages. NESG (Non-dominantly ESG) investing either ignores ESG parameters completely or it takes it as less important. ESG investing is partially DESG and partially NESG. A very simple fuzzy reasoning algorithm is used to find out the similarity between DESG and NESG in this paper. A similarity graphs is generated. An edge represents a fuzzy similarity between two nodes / conditional statements. Each statement specifies fuzzy conditions under which some DESG/NESG tools are mutually similar or totally dissimilar. Examples of investing tools are Developed Markets, Emerging Markets Small Caps, Sustainability Index and Environmental Social Governance Index. The following five parameters of investing tools are Risk, Cost, Return, Drop, and Correlation. Low pairwise fuzzy similarities between DESG and NESG are detected.

This paper aims at the impact of R&D investments on economic stability in the Czech enterprises. The authors study relationships between R&D investments and financial indicators and ratios for period 2007–2014. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 103 Czech electronic industries innovative enterprises with R&D investments during the period 2007–2013. The paper deals with the hypothesis that R&D investments are utilized to increase economic efficiency. The second hypothesis is represented by an idea that enterprises invest systematically to be able to cope better with the effects of depressions. Financial indicators are analyzed and presented with the aim to verify these hypotheses.