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• A Janus wound dressing with simultaneous hydrophobic and hydrophilic is fabricated via 3D printing and freeze-drying. • The PCJM can effectively resist bacterial invasion, biofouling, and promote cell and protein adhesion, and possess excellent hemostatic properties. • PCJM dressing accelerates the early healing of gingival tissues in Beagle tooth extraction wounds. Currently, commercial intraoral dressings have limitations as they only serve a single purpose and fail to meet various needs, such as hemostasis, wound protection, and dressing fixation. Here, we successfully fabricated a multifunctional polycaprolactone-chitosan Janus membrane (PCJM) with simultaneous hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The hydrophobic layer consists of a dense and disordered polycaprolactone, preventing bacterial adhesion, resisting fouling, and enhancing mechanical strength. The hydrophilic layer is a highly porous chitosan sponge, which facilitates cell and protein adhesion, as well as rapid absorption of blood and activation of the coagulation process. These results are confirmed by hemostasis experiments, which demonstrate that the PCJM had superior coagulation ability compared to commercial gelatin sponges and gauze, and by an early gingival healing model of beagle tooth extraction wounds, which exhibited excellent performance in promoting wound healing. Our work demonstrates the multifunctional PCJM wound dressing not only protects wounds from bacterial infections but also facilitates rapid hemostasis and early healing of beagle gingival soft tissue, which holds significant potential for clinical translation and large-scale production. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study suggests that the low-calorie sweetener erythritol may increase the risk of blood clots, which could explain its association with a higher risk of heart attack and stroke. Erythritol is commonly used as a sugar substitute in the US and Europe, and regulatory bodies have classified it as safe. However, research has shown that high concentrations of erythritol in the blood are linked to a doubled risk of heart attack and stroke. The study found that erythritol consumption led to increased clot formation in the blood, while sugar had no significant effect. Further research is needed to fully understand the risks and benefits of low-calorie sweeteners compared to sugar. [Extracted from the article]

The Komodo dragon, a large lizard weighing over 300 pounds and reaching more than ten feet in length, has remained relatively unchanged for four million years. Found primarily on Komodo and Rinca islands in Indonesia, these apex predators use their forked tongues to "smell" the air and ambush unsuspecting prey. However, their population is endangered, with fewer than 3,500 remaining in the wild. Komodo National Park provides some protection, but threats such as habitat loss and climate change still pose challenges for these formidable creatures. [Extracted from the article]

MSRP: $100-$150 > SPECS: • Overall Length: 5.88 inches • Blade Length: 1.63 inches • Blade Thickness: 0.13 • Blade Steel: 1095 high-carbon steel • Weight: 1.1 ounces • MSRP: $100-$150 TOPSKnives.com 16. MSRP: $94.98 SPECS: Condor Tool & Knife Trivittata Puukko Knife • Overall Length:7.76 inches • Blade Length: 3.47 inches • Blade Thickness: 0.12 inches • Blade Steel: 1095 high carbon steel • Handle Material: Micarta • Weight: 7.76 ounces • Origin: El Salvador • Other: Handcrafted welted leather sheath • MRSP: $94.98 CondorTK.com 14. SPECIAL FEATURE Are you looking for the perfect gift for your knife aficionado friend or loved one? Buck's Folding Hunter was created in 1963 when Al Buck decided that a revolutionary locking blade knife was needed by outdoorsmen who wanted a sturdy knife but did not want to carry a long, fixed-blade knife. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "Your Feedback" in Consumer Reports addresses reader responses to various articles published in September 2024. Readers raised concerns about the accuracy of information regarding vitamin K as a blood thinner and the potential risks of fish oil supplements. The editors provide clarifications and additional information based on expert opinions and scientific research. The article also includes responses to reader comments about pillows, recycling old pillows, dishwasher hose options, used car decisions, and the benefits of probiotics. [Extracted from the article]

People with mild haemophilia, a condition that reduces blood clotting, may have a longer life expectancy compared to those without the condition. This is because they are less likely to experience strokes and heart attacks, which can be caused by blood clots. Recent data from the UK suggests that individuals with milder forms of haemophilia have an average life expectancy of 84 years, which is 1.7 years longer than the average for UK men. The improved life expectancy for those with mild haemophilia may be due to their blood being less likely to form dangerous clots. However, some experts caution that the small number of older individuals with mild haemophilia may affect the strength of this conclusion. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a trivia quiz from Woman's Day (Australia Edition) that tests your knowledge on a variety of topics. The quiz includes questions about movies, cooking, sports, history, music, geography, and more. It covers a wide range of subjects and can be a fun way to challenge yourself and test your wits. [Extracted from the article]

This article from Good Housekeeping discusses the importance of keeping pets cool during hot temperatures. It provides tips for recognizing signs of overheating and heatstroke in dogs, cats, and smaller animals like rabbits and rodents. The article emphasizes the need for prompt action when a pet is overheated, including getting them into shade or air-conditioning and wetting them with cool water. It also advises taking pets to the vet after they have been cooled down, as secondary issues can arise. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of prevention and never leaving a pet unattended without access to shade and water. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the discussion on ischaemic brain infarcts in dogs, emphasizing the need for further research to improve management and treatment outcomes. Topics include pathophysiology of canine stroke, the potential role of anti-thrombotic therapy; and a study investigating platelet aggregation and coagulation status in affected dogs.

The article from PC Gamer (US Edition) titled "BLOODY GOOD" reviews the game Coagulation Station, where players take on the role of a Clot Management Specialist on a living meat planet called Carrion Prime. The game involves overseeing a blood pumping operation, fixing leaks, removing blockages, and descending into a blood sea to clear intake pipes. Coagulation Station effectively balances pacing and tension in a short-form, linear horror story, offering a unique and engaging gameplay experience. [Extracted from the article]

A patent was issued for a light irradiation device designed to inactivate viruses in blood products efficiently. The device, developed by Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha, aims to prevent blood coagulation while effectively deactivating viruses in blood or blood components. The invention involves a circuit unit with fluid tubes and an irradiation unit with LED lamps to irradiate the blood flowing through the tubes. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Beijing Key Laboratory have conducted a study on the dysfunction of complement and coagulation systems in diseases, particularly sepsis. The study highlights the critical role of these systems in immune response and vascular homeostasis, emphasizing the need for further investigation and exploration in understanding sepsis. The research suggests potential intervention targets related to the crosstalk between coagulation and complement pathways for more effective treatment of sepsis. The findings are published in the journal MedComm and funded by the National Key Research And Development Program of China. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University in China focused on the impact of genetic polymorphisms in the ABCB1 and CES1 genes on dabigatran plasma concentrations. The study found that food intake and genetic variations in the ABCB1 gene significantly influenced the absorption and plasma concentration levels of dabigatran in healthy Chinese adults. The research utilized a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) approach and concluded that the developed PopPK model effectively characterized the pharmacokinetics of dabigatran. For more information, the full article can be accessed for free at the Frontiers in Pharmacology website. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Georgia have developed Coagulo-Net, a novel approach that combines deep neural networks with the understanding of blood coagulation processes to enhance mathematical models of the blood coagulation cascade. This new method aims to efficiently infer unknown model parameters and dynamics of species based on sparse measurement data and noise. The research showcases the potential of Coagulo-Net to advance computational modeling in the study of blood coagulation, potentially improving research methodologies and the development of new therapies for patients with coagulation disorders. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha for a method and system to control the rotational speed of an agitator or catheter in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. The patent aims to reduce hazards on biological tissues and blood vessels by stopping the rotation of the catheter assembly upon engagement with tissues. The invention involves a method for controlling the rotational speed of the catheter assembly under various rotational loads, ensuring proper removal of stenosed sites within blood vessels. [Extracted from the article]

A study presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2024 found that patients who took edoxaban, an oral anticoagulant, after heart valve surgery had a lower risk of stroke and blood clots compared to those taking warfarin. Edoxaban was shown to be as effective as warfarin in reducing these risks, offering a potential alternative treatment option for patients recovering from heart valve surgery. The study highlighted the benefits of edoxaban, which does not require frequent blood tests and has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, making it easier for patients to manage post-surgery treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center conducted a study on alpha-2-antiplasmin (A2AP) deficiency, a rare bleeding disorder characterized by increased fibrinolysis and bleeding. The study analyzed thrombin and plasmin generation profiles in A2AP-deficient patients, finding enhanced plasmin and thrombin generation compared to healthy controls. The research concluded that A2AP-deficient patients exhibit augmented plasmin generation profiles correlating with A2AP activity levels and bleeding phenotype. This study provides valuable insights into altered coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with A2AP deficiency. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at University Hospital Motol in Prague, Czech Republic, examined the effects of crystalloid and colloid solutions on coagulation status using rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function analysis. The study found that Plasma-Lyte had the least impact on secondary hemostasis, while albunorm 5% had the least effect among colloids. Gelaspan 4% adversely affected the propagation phase of coagulation, maximal strength and elasticity of the coagulum, and the level of functional fibrinogen. The research concluded that all solutions negatively impacted platelet function in primary hemostasis, with Plasma-Lyte showing the least effect. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Ottawa conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for preventing arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in ambulatory cancer patients based on primary tumor site. While prophylactic anticoagulation did not reduce ATE risks overall, it showed a protective effect among pancreatic cancer patients without increasing major bleeding. The study suggests that future research should further evaluate the use of prophylactic anticoagulants in reducing ATEs specifically in pancreatic cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Anhui Medical University in Hefei, China, examined the interaction between ambient ozone and personal temperature variability on cardiovascular biomarkers among college students. The research found significant associations between ozone, temperature variability, and blood markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, endothelial function, and stress hormones. The study concluded that these findings could inform strategies for cardiovascular disease control and prevention. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Anhui Medical University, and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Cadrenal Therapeutics, Inc. has been named the "Anticoagulation Therapy Company of the Year" by Pharma Tech Outlook for their development of tecarfarin, a new vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant. The company aims to address the unmet needs of patients with implanted left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and other rare cardiovascular conditions who require chronic anticoagulation. Tecarfarin is designed to provide a stable, once-daily, and reversible therapeutic option that may overcome challenges associated with warfarin therapy, such as drug-drug interactions and variability in dosing. Cadrenal's innovative approach to developing a new treatment for these patient populations has been recognized for its commitment to improving patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Department of Pediatric Cardiology in Dublin, Ireland, focused on the use of warfarin as an anticoagulant for pediatric cardiac patients. The study found that managing warfarin therapy in children can be challenging due to various factors such as dietary changes and illnesses. The research highlighted the need for quality improvement in anticoagulation for pediatric cardiac patients, as frequent phlebotomy and dose adjustments can significantly impact their quality of life. The study was published in Cardiology in the Young and can be accessed online for further information. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Johns Hopkins University discusses the findings of the Kids-DOTT trial, which compared the duration of anticoagulation therapy for pediatric patients with venous thromboembolism. The trial found that a 6-week course of anticoagulation was noninferior to a 3-month course in terms of net clinical benefit at 2 years. The study concluded that these results support the durability of the trial's findings. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Colorado State University have reported findings on the use of copper-modified titania nanotubes to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. The study aimed to improve the integration of bone and implant material for orthopedic implants by investigating surface modifications. The research showed that the modified surfaces increased differentiation of stem cells towards osteogenic lineage and enhanced blood clotting properties, suggesting their potential use in orthopedic implants. This study was supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and can be found in the journal RSC Advances. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Method and Retainer for Hemostasis Testing" was published online by the inventors Delmenico, Lopez-Espina, and Raviv, with Haemonetics Corporation as the assignee. The application describes a method for analyzing blood hemostasis by observing sample resonant response to dynamic excitation, which can provide crucial information for surgical and medical procedures. The inventors also detail a cartridge for sample testing that includes a sample preparation portion and a sample testing portion, allowing for vibratory excitation of the sample to obtain data on hemostasis parameters. This innovative method aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of testing blood coagulation properties. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Department of Internal Medicine conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cirrhosis and splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) who received either a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) or warfarin. The study included 80 patients from 50 hospitals and found no significant differences between DOACs and warfarin in terms of efficacy and safety outcomes at 10 months. The findings suggest that DOACs may be a safe and effective option for patients with cirrhosis and SVT compared to warfarin, potentially informing future randomized trials. [Extracted from the article]

University of British Columbia researchers have developed a new coating for medical devices that mimics the behavior of blood vessels, reducing the risk of blood clots and dangerous bleeding. This innovative material could make devices like catheters, stents, and dialysis machines safer for patients by preventing clot formation without the need for high doses of blood thinners. The coating has shown promising results in lab and animal studies, and researchers are exploring its potential application to a wider range of blood-contacting devices to improve patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Suturing Devices And Methods For Suturing An Anatomic Structure" was published online by inventors Brosch and Nobles. The application describes devices and methods for suturing biological structures, particularly the aorta, to maintain hemostasis during surgical procedures. The system involves an elongate body, arms with suture mounts, needles, and a sheath to facilitate suturing while minimizing risks and complications. This innovation aims to improve surgical outcomes and patient recovery by providing a more efficient and less invasive suturing technique. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Voronezh State University in Russia has led to the discovery of new compounds with potential anticoagulant properties. These compounds were found to inhibit blood clotting factors Xa, XIa, and thrombin in vitro. The research, which was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, identified efficient dual inhibitors of factors Xa and XIa, as well as factor Xa and thrombin. This study has been peer-reviewed and published in the Russian Chemical Bulletin. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the National Defense Medical Center in Taipei, Taiwan, explored the impact of fibrinogen supplementation on platelet dysfunction in a heatstroke model using male Wistar rats. The research found that heatstroke led to reductions in plasma fibrinogen levels and platelet aggregation, adhesion, spreading, and fibrin clot retraction. Fibrinogen supplementation improved platelet aggregation responses and partially mitigated platelet dysfunction in the heatstroke group, suggesting that early fibrinogen replacement could be a therapeutic intervention for patients with heatstroke. The study was supported by various organizations and has been peer-reviewed, providing valuable insights into potential treatments for heat-related conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Westmead Hospital in Australia explores the process of blood clotting homeostasis, known as hemostasis, which aims to maintain a balance between clotting and bleeding. The study highlights innovative diagnostic solutions in hemostasis testing, including the integration of chemiluminescence and flow cytometry. Future directions in hemostasis testing may involve artificial intelligence, global test systems, and advancements in therapies for better patient outcomes. For more information, the research article "Innovative Diagnostic Solutions in Hemostasis" can be accessed for free online. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Barnsley District General Hospital in the United Kingdom published a case report on a man in his 30s who developed a life-threatening iatrogenic haemothorax following a 12Fg Seldinger intercostal drain insertion for pneumothorax. Despite safety precautions, including normal coagulation and platelet count, the patient experienced a significant drop in hemoglobin levels and required urgent surgical treatment. This rare complication highlights the importance of prompt resuscitation and intervention in such cases. The full article can be accessed in the European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation therapy in patients with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) following cardioembolic acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A retrospective study of 763 patients found that while anticoagulation was associated with a higher incidence of HT exacerbation compared to antiplatelet therapy, it led to improved functional outcomes at 3 months. The study suggests that anticoagulation therapy may be beneficial for cardioembolic AIS patients with HT, excluding those with more severe hemorrhagic transformation. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for a closure designed to seal biological fluid collection devices, particularly blood collection devices, to prevent spillage and protect healthcare practitioners from blood contact. The closure includes a cap and an adapter, allowing connection to multiple blood collection devices. It provides a versatile solution by accommodating various connection options and features a protective barrier to shield the stopper and cap. The patent was filed by Becton Dickinson and Company and published online on October 29, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Surgut State University investigated the impact of argon plasma coagulation on the gastrointestinal tract using an experimental model. The research found that using argon plasma coagulation in a liquid medium resulted in decreased depth of coagulation impact on tissues, reduced inflammatory changes, and faster reparative changes compared to standard technology. The results suggest potential implications for clinical practice and further research in endoscopic argon plasma coagulation. The study was published in the Sibirskij naucnyj medicinskij žurnal, and more information can be obtained from Surgut State University. [Extracted from the article]

Bioverativ Therapeutics Inc. has been issued a patent for lyophilized Factor IX formulations, which are used in the treatment of hemophilia B. The patent focuses on improving the stability, reconstitution time, and shelf life of the Factor IX polypeptide through specific formulation components. This development aims to enhance the treatment of hemophilia B by providing more effective and tolerable therapies for individuals with Factor IX deficiency. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers have submitted a patent application for a "Mobile Wound Cover" that aims to improve wound healing by providing a protective barrier against bacteria while allowing for adequate oxygen supply and moisture vapor transmission. The invention features a design with a removable cover that securely attaches to a protective rim, allowing access to the wound without the need for frequent redressing. The patent application outlines various configurations and materials used in the construction of the mobile wound cover. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Rigshospitalet explored the impact of severe traumatic injury on DNA methylation. The research found significant changes in DNA methylation in trauma patients compared to surgical patients, with alterations in genes related to blood coagulation and inflammatory response. This study provides new insights into the genomic effects of severe trauma on circulating leukocytes. For more information, the full article can be accessed for free at the npj Genomic Medicine website. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the University of Bordeaux focused on blood coagulation factors, specifically Factor V, which plays a crucial role in the coagulation cascade. The research identified the PSKH2 gene as a significant factor in the variability of Factor V plasma levels, shedding light on its genetic regulation and its connection to neutrophil biology. The study utilized genome-wide association analyses and meta-analyzed data from multiple cohorts to reach these conclusions, highlighting the complex genetic interactions influencing Factor V activity. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for an embolic coil proximal connecting element and stretch resistant fiber by inventors Blumenstyk, Lorenzo, Montidoro, and Solaun, with Depuy as the assignee. The patent addresses challenges in treating aneurysms with embolic coils, focusing on preventing coil entanglement and facilitating repositioning. The invention involves using a stretch resistant fiber within the embolic coil to reduce coil separation and improve implantation methods. This development aims to enhance the effectiveness and safety of aneurysm treatments, particularly in densely packed treatment sites. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the strong correlation between cancer and thrombosis, with cancer patients facing a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to non-cancer individuals. The study aims to explore the differences between cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) and VTE, factors contributing to CAT, and the effects of aspirin or NOACs on CAT and circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) formation. The clinical trial NCT06672250 focuses on understanding the relationship between circulatory tumor cells and venous thrombosis, with a primary completion date set for May 27, 2025. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the potential of potassium ferric oxalate nanoparticles (KFeOx-NPs) in preventing blood clotting and thrombosis in a mouse model. The nanoparticles demonstrated anticoagulation properties by chelating calcium ions from the blood, hindering factor XII activation in the intrinsic pathway. Animal models showed increased clotting time and thrombosis prevention with intravenously injected KFeOx-NPs, suggesting potential applications in preventing blood clot formation and enhancing medical device efficiency. The preprint has not been peer-reviewed, and more information can be found at biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621820v1. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers have submitted a patent application titled "Coagulation And Fibrinolysis Assays" to the USPTO, aiming to address gaps in current medical technology related to blood clotting assessment. The application focuses on developing assays and compositions that can rapidly and accurately assess blood clotting, including fibrinolysis, in a functional manner. By incorporating plasmin and plasminogen into coagulation assays, the inventors aim to provide improved diagnostic tools for identifying hyperfibrinolysis and fibrinolysis shutdown, enabling personalized patient care in critical medical situations. The patent application was filed by inventors from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is available online for further exploration. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers Marcuschamer and Fainsod have submitted a patent application for an "In-Vivo Micro Blood Pump" to address the need for more flexible and minimally invasive blood pumps for advanced heart failure patients. The pump features a multi-stage impeller system with variable flow rates to adapt to the patient's physical requirements, reducing the negative effects of high-speed blades. The patent application details the design of the pump, including micro-impellers with magnets and electromagnets, as well as a controller to regulate rotating speed based on pressure sensors. The invention aims to provide a long-term solution for heart failure patients, offering a more adaptable and efficient blood pump system. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of the Witwatersrand conducted a study on anticoagulation control for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study found that only 35.6% of patients with NVAF on warfarin had optimal anticoagulation control, with a mean time in the therapeutic range (TTR) of 46%. Patients with poor anticoagulation control were on warfarin for a shorter duration compared to those with optimal control. The study highlights the importance of monitoring and improving anticoagulation control in patients with NVAF. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Ovidius University of Constanta in Romania have explored the challenges of anticoagulant treatment in individuals with atrial fibrillation and liver disease. The study emphasizes the complexity of managing anticoagulation therapy in these patients, highlighting the need for personalized treatment methods that consider both thrombosis and bleeding risks. The research underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between hepatology and cardiology experts to enhance patient safety and treatment effectiveness in individuals with cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Russian Academy of Sciences in Ufa, Russia, focused on the synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant, anticoagulation, and antiaggregation activities of levoglucosenone adducts containing methyl-substituted phenyl fragments. The research found that the synthesized compounds exhibited anticoagulation and antiaggregation activities comparable to aspirin, with the most effective inhibition rate constant observed in a specific addition product. The results suggest potential for developing optically active phenols for the creation of drugs with desired pharmacological properties. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at St. Michael's Hospital focused on the feasibility of different anticoagulation strategies for individuals with atrial fibrillation receiving dialysis. The SAFE-D trial compared dose-adjusted warfarin, apixaban, and no oral anticoagulation in this population. The study demonstrated successful recruitment and adherence, with primary outcomes evaluating feasibility and secondary outcomes including stroke and bleeding events. This research provides valuable insights into optimal anticoagulation strategies for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing dialysis. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, have conducted studies on venous thrombosis, focusing on the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for thrombus generation. They highlight factors such as venous stasis, vessel wall injury, and changes in blood components, as well as the impact of immunothrombosis in conditions like COVID-19. The research delves into the complex interplay between leukocytes, platelets, endothelium, cytokines, complements, and coagulation factors in understanding hypercoagulability and venous thromboembolism. For more information, readers can refer to the article "The Basic Principles of Pathophysiology of Venous Thrombosis" in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. [Extracted from the article]