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Nanofiber is a linear material with a diameter of nanometer scale and a relatively long length with a certain aspect ratio. As a new material, it has wide application value in aerospace, medicine and chemical industry. Because of its unique and excellent properties, it has received great interest and extensive attention from researchers in many countries in recent years. A novel nanofibers preparation method—centrifugal spinning, was studied in this paper based on the study of traditional method of preparing nanofibers. The process and principle of this method were also studied. This article first introduces some traditional methods of preparing nanofibers, then describes the centrifugal spinning method and compares these traditional methods with this new method. Secondly, the entire process of the centrifugal spinning method was studied. The various forces acting on the jet were analyzed during the process. The mathematical model of the process of preparing nanofibers by centrifugal spinning was established. The simulation and experiment of centrifugal spinning method were carried out and the results were analyzed. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the fiber diameter will change with the change of the rotating speed and the spinning solution concentration. Finally, some factors affecting the morphology and diameter of nanofibers were studied to determine the most suitable parameters for preparing nanofibers by centrifugal spinning. It can be drawn from this article that the fiber diameter is closely related to the rotating speed of the spinneret, spinning solution viscosity and the collection distance and these factors have great influence on fiber diameter and morphology.