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In this paper, we evaluate down-and-out put option and floating strike lookback option prices when the underlying asset is driven by a hybrid model with constant elasticity of variance and stochastic volatility (SVCEV). Usually, it is difficult to get closed-form solutions for those exotic options under stochastic volatility models. Here, we use an asymptotic expansion approach and the Mellin transform method to obtain explicit closed-form formulae for the zero-order and first-order correction terms. In addition, we perform a sensitivity analysis numerically on the asymptotic terms and compare the option prices corresponding to the Black–Scholes, CEV and SVCEV models with those calculated by Monte-Carlo simulations and the binomial tree method to illustrate the accuracy of our pricing formulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reconnaissance penetration game is a classic target-attacker-defender game. In this game, a reconnaissance UAV (namely attacker) tries to avoid the defender and reconnoiter a target as close as possible, whereas a target tries to escape the attacker with the help of defender. Practically, the defender is considered constrained in a certain territory to capture the attacker and help the target. This article is primarily concerned with the winning region for three players. An explicit policy method is proposed to construct the barrier analytically. In addition, taking practical payoff functions into account, a complete solution to the reconnaissance game is provided by fusing the games of kind and degree. Simulation results are elaborated to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Modified fencing structures have been recommended with the intention of enhancing ungulate movement. Ungulates such as mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white‐tailed deer (O. virginianus) typically negotiate fences by jumping over them. We examined 2 fine‐scale fence crossing decisions to determine factors influencing 1) crossing success and 2) the mode of crossing by 2 sympatric deer species. From 2010 to 2016, we used remote cameras along fence lines in 2 study areas—Canadian Forces Base Suffield in southeastern Alberta, Canada, and The Nature Conservancy's Matador Ranch in north‐central Montana, USA—that captured images of deer–fence interactions before and after fence modifications were installed. We used logistic regression to model the probability of deer successfully crossing a fence and mode of crossing (jumping over vs. crawling under) based on fence characteristics and demographic factors. We documented 486 crossing attempts, of which 313 were successful (64.4%), indicating that pasture fences acted as a semipermeable barrier to deer. Of these 313 successful attempts, 152 crawled under the fence (48.6%) as opposed to jumping over it. We documented behavioral differences in mode of crossing between species when successfully crossing a fence. Results indicate that deer are selecting known crossing sites at broad scales as places to negotiate fences, and when assessing finer scale decisions at these sites, white‐tailed deer seemed to acclimate better than mule deer to our imposed changes (switched from crawling under to jumping over the fence). Though sample size was low in terms of use at modified fence sites, we recommend visually inconspicuous modifications (such as clips to increase the bottom wire height as opposed to goat‐bars) when implementing pasture fencing that was friendlier for deer. We also recommend modifications be implemented strategically; placement of modifications may be just as important to consider as the modification type. © 2018 The Wildlife Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Racial and ethnic diversity in natural resource careers does not reflect U.S. population trends. To explore potential drivers of underrepresentation in this field, we used a life-cycle analysis to review 55 scholarly articles to identify barriers and supports influencing career choices (i.e., personal, contextual, self-efficacy, outcome expectations) across 4 age groups. The number of cited barriers differed significantly among age groups. Personal influences included race or ethnicity, gender, age, and perceptions or predispositions toward nature. The latter was the most cited barrier for youth. Contextual influences included social, familial, structural, and experiential, and varied significantly between age groups. Exposure to nature was the most cited contextual barrier for all groups: 59% for youth, 40% for high school, 43% for college, and 50% for career. Self-efficacy was emphasized in studies referencing youth, high school, and college age groups, and outcome expectations were only discussed in studies of the career group. After the literature analysis, we reviewed web sites, reports, and conducted personal interviews to explore how 21 federal natural-resource agency diversity programs address variables influencing minority recruitment. Participating agencies reported challenges recruiting individuals, ensuring funding, and creating welcoming environments for minority participants, many of whom have never experienced remote natural environments or nontraditional careers. Our analysis revealed the need for a modified Framework for Career Influences. The proposed framework combines existing theories on social career choice and minority involvement in natural resource activities, but identifies personal and contextual influences that are important for minority students, as endogenous variables that influence and are influenced by self-efficacy and outcome expectations. © 2015 The Wildlife Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems with skin protectants include unsatisfactory performance, poor prospects for improvement, and the lack of evaluation methods. Such problems were introduced in part 1 of this series. Here, theoretical aspects of skin protection and insights from perfluoropolyethers are discussed; concepts to push protectants to new efficacies will be covered in the final article of this series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A barrier option takes into account the possibility of an unacceptable change in the price of the underlying stock. Such a change could carry considerable financial loss. We examine one model based upon the Black–Scholes–Merton Equation and determine the functional forms of the barrier function and rebate function which are consistent with a solution of the underlying evolution partial differential equation using the Lie Theory of Extended Groups. The solution is consistent with the possibility of no rebate and the barrier function is very similar to one adopted on an heuristic basis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Given the need to correct or at least reduce the noise levels generated by traffic, new road devices and facilities have been specially designed, manufactured and fitted for the purpose. Any device or new facility installed on a road is evidently liable in one way or another to affect the conditions determining the hazards involved in using and operating road infrastructure, and, consequently, road safety. This article addresses aspects involved in the design and introduction of noise reduction devices from a perspective of road safety with reference to CEN standards offering information in this area, and ends with conclusions drawn from the author's experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy coatings containing different volume fractions of ultra-short glass fibers were prepared successfully. Ultra-short glass fiber not only can improve the hardness, adhesion of the coating, and glass transition temperature (T g), but also can decrease the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the coating. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the barrier properties of the coatings containing different volume fractions of ultra-short glass fibers. The EIS results showed that the coating had the best barrier property when it contained 20% (volume fraction) ultra-short glass fibers. The functions of the ultra-short glass fibers in epoxy coating are two-fold: first, they can improve the coating mechanical properties as reinforcement materials; second, they parallel to the substrate and inhibit the corrosive medium to pass through the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opening by Yoav Gal Tamir: Since the occupation and annexation of East Jerusalem in 1967, Israel and the Jerusalem Municipality have been waging a struggle to dilute the Palestinian population in the city. Apartheid, barrier, Daam, East Jerusalem, Green New Deal, Jerusalem, Separation barrier Keywords: apartheid; barrier; Daam; East Jerusalem; Green New Deal; Jerusalem; Separation barrier EN apartheid barrier Daam East Jerusalem Green New Deal Jerusalem Separation barrier N.PAG N.PAG 1 04/26/21 20210314 NES 210314 On Thursday, February 11, the DAAM Party held a public debate focused on Jerusalem. [Extracted from the article]

With the right resins and films, Allied Converters produces decorative polystyrene products with a host of inviting properties. Allied Converters Inc., reportedly the largest sheeter of cellophane and polypropylene in [...]