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The widespread use of opioids to treat chronic pain led to a nation-wide crisis in the United States. Tens of thousands of deaths annually occur mainly due to respiratory depression, the most dangerous side effect of opioids. Non-opioid drugs and non-pharmacological treatments without addictive potential are urgently required. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is based on a completely different medical theory than academic Western medicine. The scientific basis of acupuncture and herbal treatments as main TCM practices has been considerably improved during the past two decades, and large meta-analyses with thousands of patients provide evidence for their efficacy. Furthermore, opinion leaders in the United States favor non-pharmacological techniques including TCM for pain management to fight the opioid crisis. We advocate TCM as therapeutic option without addictive potential and without life-threatening side effects (e.g., respiratory depression) to treat chronic pain patients suffering from opioid misuse. The evidence suggests that: (1) opioid misuse cannot be satisfactorily managed with standard medication; (2) opinion leaders in the United States favor to consider non-opioid and non-pharmacological treatment strategies including those from TCM to treat acute and chronic pain conditions; (3) large meta-analyses provide scientific evidence for the clinical activity of acupuncture and herbal TCM remedies in the treatment of chronic pain. Future clinical trials should demonstrate the safety of TCM treatments if combined with Western medical practices to exclude negative interactions between both modalities.

Focusing on First Nations traditional medicine, we investigated whether traditional knowledge of medicinal plants can be validated by modern scientific methods of molecular and cellular pharmacology and whether this information is of value for improving current therapy options. Based on two projects on medicinal plants of the Gwich’in – a First Nations group on the Canadian North West Coast – we found that extracts from several plants traditionally used medically were able to kill tumor cells, including otherwise multidrug-resistant cells. Investigating medicinal plants from Indigenous communities raises questions about ownership, appropriation, and commercial use. At the same time, because of the intricacies of patent law, publishing scientific investigations on medicinal herbs represents an effective way to prevent biopiracy. Therefore, research cooperation between industrialized and developing countries, and between Western and non-Western knowledge systems will facilitate ethically sound ethnopharmacological research and merge a diversity of competencies and knowledges.

This paper argues that Temple Grandin’s work serves as an intervention into the very framework of ‘disability.’ Animals in Translationsuggests that the minds of people living with autism are ‘wired differently’; yet, this difference, Grandin makes clear, is by no means always a disadvantage. As a scientist in animal studies and a consultant for animal behavior, Grandin claims that persons on the autism spectrum may be ideally suited for understanding the animal mind. Describing both autism and animal behavior through the discourse of neuroscience, she takes the analogy between persons with autism and animals one step further. Both animals, especially birds, and people on the autism spectrum have long succeeded in disproving assumptions about the limitations of their mental capacity. Not so long ago, Grandin reminds us, neurologists assumed that there was ‘no inside’ to the autistic mind. It has been Grandin’s life’s work, and one of her key accomplishments, to disprove this assumption.

The article focuses on married life of women. It also discusses the pregnancy phase of women' life and provides several suggestions regarding the health prospects during the gestation period including good medical care, regular exercise and having a balanced diet. It suggests that complete medical history of a mother should be discussed with the doctor as it may have an impact on the current pregnancy.

The article discusses the issues of knee or joint problems faced by younger and old age people by citing reference of several people suffering with knee pain. It highlights various causes of knee problems such as pains, obesity and swellings. It also presents tips such as exercise, walking and swimming to prevent knee problems.

African Film: Re‐Imagining a ContinentJosef Gugler James Currey, Oxford, 2003, pb 216pp ISBN 085255561X £14Revolution: The Explosion of World Cinema in the SixtiesPeter Cowie Faber, London, 2004, hb 304pp ISBN 05712 09033 £20.00www.faber.co.ukSembene: Imagining Alternatives in Film and FictionDavid Murphy James Currey, Oxford and Africa World Press, Trenton, 2001, pb 275 pp ISBN 0 8525 5555 5 £14.95www.jamescurrey.co.ukFilms by Michael Ondaatje(115 min); including: The Clinton Special: A Film About The Farm Show (1974, 71 min) Sons of Captain Poetry(1970, 29 min) Carry on Crime and Punishment(1970, 5 min) Available as a DVD or video from www.mongrelmedia.comYilmaz Guney: Bir Cirkin Kral (Yilmaz Guney: An Ugly King)Turhan Feyizoglu Ozan Publishing, Istanbul, 2003 645ppwww.02anyayincilik.comFiction and Film: The Influence of Cinema on Writers from Jamaica and TrinidadLynne Macedo Dido Press, Chichester, 2003, hb 172 pp ISBN 19021 1538 4 £16.95www.akdpress.comDjibril Diop Mambety: Un cinéaste à contre‐courantSada Niang L'Harmattan, Paris, 2002 239pp ISBN 2 7475 2062 5www.harmattan.frDjibril Diop Mambety ou le voyage du voyantAnny Wynchank Editions A3, Ivry‐sur‐Seine, 2003 14opp ISBN 2 8443 6030 0Bollywood Cinema: Temples of DesireVijay Mishra Routledge, New York. 2002, pb ISBN 0 415 93015 4 £16.99www.routledge.comCinema India: The Visual Culture of Hindi FilmRachel Dwyer and Divia Patel Reaktion Books, London, 2002, pb ISBN 18618 9124 5 £19.95www.reaktionbooks.co.ukBeyond BollywoodJigna Desai Routledge, New York, 2004, pb 280pp ISBN 041596685X £15.99www.routledge.comBidding for the Mainstream? Black and Asian British Film since the 1990sBarbara Korte and Claudia Sternberg Rodopi, Amsterdam and New York, 2004, pb 274pp ISBN 9 0420 1038 X €65www.Rodopi.nlDwelling Places: Postwar black British writingJames Procter Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003, pb 224pp ISBN 0 7190 6053 2 £14.99London Calling: How Black and Asian Writers Imagined A CitySukhdev Sandhu London: HarperCollins, 2003, hb 498pp ISBN 0 0025 7182 X £20CherishYinka Sunmonu Mango Publishing, London, 2002, pb 248pp ISBN 19022 9425 4 £9.99www.mangoprint.comNight CalypsoLawrence Scott Allison & Busby, London, 2004, pb 418pp ISBN 0 7490 0663 £10.99www.allisonandbusby.ltd.ukOur Lady of DemeraraDavid Dabydeen Dido Press, Chichester, 2004, hb 278 pp ISBN 19021 1544 9 £14.99www.akdpress.comSouth African Theatre in the Melting Pot: Interviews by Rolf SolbergInstitute for the Study of English in Africa, Grahamstown, 2003, pb297pp ISBN 0 8681 0402 7 £15Chiffon SarisFeroza Jussawalla Tsar Publications, Toronto, 2003, pb 89pp ISBN 18947 7013 7 $16.95www.tsarbooks.comLovers, Liars, Conjurers and ThievesRaman Mundair Peepal Tree Press, London, 2003, pb 93pp ISBN 19007 1580 5 £7.99www.peepaltreepress.com

Saccharomycesanamensis having ß-galactosidase activity, has been immobilized in calcium alginate gel matrix that retained 78.6% enzyme activity to that of native cells. Optimum pH(7.0) was negligibly affected by immobilization. Km values for immobilized and native cells were 119 mM and 102 mM respectively. Protective agents like dithioerythritol, bovine serum albumin, enhance the enzyme activity when added prior to immobilization. Immobilized cells can be stored in refrigeration(4°C) for 42 days without a significant loss of enzyme activity.

Young children's early understanding of emotion was investigated by examining their use of emotion terms such as happy, sad, mud, and cry. Five children's emotion language was examined longitudinally from the age of 2 to 5 years, and as a comparison their reference to pains via such terms as burn, sting, and hurt was also examined. In Phase 1 we confirmed and extended prior findings demonstrating that by 2 years of age terms for the basic emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are commonly used by children as are terms for such related states as crying and hurting. At this early age children produce such terms to refer to self and to others, and to past and future as well as to present states. Over the years from 2 to 5 children's emotion vocabulary expands, their discussion of hypothetical emotions gets underway, and the complexity of their emotion utterances increases. In Phase 2 our analyses go beyond children's production of emotion terms to analyses of their conception of emotion. We focus especially on when children use emotion terms to refer to subjective experiential states of persons. From their earliest uses of these terms in our data children

The article features Kasturba Gandhi, wife of Indian nationalist Mahatma Gandhi. She was born on April 11, 1869 to merchant, Gokuldas Makanji Kapadia. At 7 her marriage with Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi was arranged and at 13 was married to him in May 1882 . She went with her husband to South Africa where he worked as a lawyer and in 1904 participated in the political protests led by her husband in South Africa. She became ill with bronchitis during her imprisonment at the Aga Khan Palace. INSET: The Aga Khan Palace.

The article presents several cheese recipes including Cheese Pakora, Cheese Potato and Cheese Bondas.

The article presents several ways to keep a bathroom beautiful. Creativity is all anyone need to make a space attractive and it could be done in a bathroom by cutting out bright cute greeting cards and pasting them on the tiles and by choosing a shower curtain that are able to show the stains of the bathroom's tiles. In terms of keeping it clean, bathrooms with slippery floor could be remedied by applying a thick paste of lime and then washing it off.

The article focuses on suggestions for building a new kitchen. The mixing and preparation center, the cooking and serving center and the clean-up center are the three basic centers of the kitchen and for a kitchen to be efficient, these three centers must be connected to form a triangle. Having a non-slippery flooring is the best one for a kitchen so it is best to settle on one that is easy to clean and is light-colored. Kitchen accessories are best in accentuating the beauty of the space.

The short story "The Books I Must Read," by Mita Banerjee is presented.

The article offers hairstyling tips for Indian women. It describes various hair styles for women, such as cropped bob, razor-cut, fringes or bangs, and braids. Tips on hair care are offered, such as not getting more than one chemical treatment a week, and avoiding the use of hairbrush. The author also suggests using vibrant shades of hair color, such as deep red or blonde, to blend with the Indian skin.

The article offers step-by-step instructions for several methods for headache relief including onion and vinegar therapy and meditation.

The article offers tips to protect the skin during the summer season. It suggests drinking plenty of water or fresh fruit juices to prevent dehydration, applying moisturiser with sun-screen to keep the skin soft and supple, and keeping the skin clean. It also suggests having a massage to stimulate and detoxify the skin, and having the right choice of beauty care products.

The article discusses physical and emotional benefits of sexual intercourse to women. In addition to procreation, the author asserts that sexual activity contributes to better mood and stronger body. Considered as an exercise, it mentions that sexual activity helps burn around 200 calories which may be compared to running or playing squash. The importance of sexual health to women of all ages is also emphasized.

The article reports on the prevention and treatment of heartburn or acidity that is characterized by a burning feeling in the chest which is mistaken as a precedent of heart attack. It explains how the reflux of gastric juices to the esophagus causes heartburn when a person overeats, consumes an excessive amount of spicy food or protein. It discusses the efficacy of taking antacids and acid blockers, including the advantage of changing one's eating habits to avoid a recurrence.

The article discusses the developments in medical science, particularly on the benefits of cod liver oil. It claims that cod liver oil was discovered as a good food in the fishing communities of Greenland, Iceland and Norway. Among the benefits of cod liver oil are it is an effective health supplement, a good source of Vitamins A and D, and a rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acids.

The article offers some tips to keep the skin beautiful and healthy throughout the summer. One tip is to keep hydrated. Dehydration is one major reason for skin damage, especially during summer. Another tip is to keep the skin soft and supple by applying good quality moisturizer, preferably one with sunscreen, as well as lotion and cream. Other tips include cleaning the skin well through daily exfoliation, massaging, and selecting beauty products carefully.

The article focuses on the scarf which had been used by famous personalities such as Jacqueline Kennedy, and actress Audrey Hepburn. The scarf which dates back to the sudarium used by Romans is described to come in materials such as silk, chiffon, and pashmina, and provide protection against the cold. The different ways in knotting a scarf is presented to change the appearance of one's dress, face and look. Tying a scarf into bustier or a sarong are offered as tips in using the accessory.

The article discusses the need for parents to devote extra love and attention to siblings of their handicapped children to avoid feelings of resentment to foster. Cases of normal children such as Pradyuman Singh, Mandar Gokhale, and Razia that had to sacrifice their childhood and dreams to take care of their handicapped siblings are cited. Parents of challenged children are revealed to impose unreasonable demands on their normal children.

Illness is a disruptive experience that requires high-quality care. The best evidence-based medical treatment risks losing some of its efficacy, however, when patients feel misunderstood when faced with the complexity of their experiences. They might stop treatment, refuse to disclose relevant information or seek unsound alternatives. A narrative-based approach to health care understands the patient's case history as a narrative that can be read or analyzed like a story. In other words, this approach honors individual illness experiences through the stories that patients tell. While programs that train 'narrative competence' have been successfully implemented in medical education, an application to pharmaceutical training is missing so far. We argue for the necessity to complement evidence-based pharmaceutical practice with narrative-based approaches to ensure high-quality care. Using the perspective of a pharmacist in a case scenario, we exemplify the centrality of "narrative pharmacy" for improving the quality and safety of pharmaceutical health care.