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Byline: Kalluri. Srividya, S. Balamurugan, Snigdha. Mishra, R. Venkatesh Neodymium-ytrrium aluminium garnet capsulotomy is the gold standard for the treatment of posterior capsular opacification and is most commonly performed as [...]

The traditional Food Supply Chain (FSC) is challenged by a number of issues, including uncertainty, security, expense, complexity, and quality worries. A precise supply chain is required to address these problems. Managing the supply chain to distribute high-quality goods is a difficult task in the modern food sector. The efficient Tree Augmented Naive Bayes linked with FSC utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed in this paper to enable tracking, tracing, and managing the full food supply chain process, including supplier, exporter, and consumers. This paper's goals are to evaluate the food safety and create the best possible chronological data for the analysis of potential future assumptions. It also intends to connect the producer and the buyer by delivering high-quality food goods while using IoT technology to transport food from the producers to the customers. IoT-based food supply chain traceability is used to successfully transact data with ambiguous, unreliable, and inadequate data. In order to provide secure backdrop and food safety for FSC process utilizing IoT technology, the suggested effective Tree Augmented Naive Bayes algorithm would be able to overcome the challenges of conventional supply chain.

A wide range of fields are increasingly utilising high-dimensional data, such as text mining, bioinformatics, image processing, and pattern recognition. A classification system is less efficient as a result of the curse of dimensionality problem, which incurs high computational costs. With its efficacy to identify the optimal features from the feature space, an approach to selecting the more informative features based on MCDM and improved Rao optimisation methods is proposed. As a measure of the candidate solution's fitness, the proposed work uses the classifier error rate and feature selection ratio. A comparison of the proposed method with state-of-the-art methods is conducted using 12 popular benchmark datasets. A hybrid approach outperforms the standard strategy in terms of selected features and classification accuracy, according to the results of the experiment.

Malware analysis is a vital and challenging task in the ever-changing cyber threat landscape. Traditional signature-based methods cannot keep up with the fast-paced evolution of malware variants. This underscores the need for developing a more effective malware classification tool helping in exploring new research directions with solutions. In this research work firstly, we present a comprehensive assessment on malware classification using dendrogram clustering techniques. This work proposes, a robust approach to malware analysis by constructing dendrogram that groups malware samples which works based on their ancestral relationships. Semantic analysis of the code also provides deeper insights into the malware’s behavior and functionality, enabling more precise identification. These methods help to detect new variants as well as enhance the recognition of existing malware families. Our proposed model results shows that, the robustness in accuracy and False Positive Rate when compared with other existing models.

ABSTRACTWelding is used for fabricating various components to increase the application of aluminum alloys. When compared to fusion welding, friction stir welding (FSW) is used to join non-ferrous and ferrous with similar and dissimilar materials with fewer defects. In the present work, FSW was carried out between 5 mm thick plates of solid solution-strengthened AA 5052-H32 and precipitate-strengthened AA 6061-T6 alloys. The plates were welded at tool rotational speeds (TRS) of 800, 950, and 1100 rpm. Furthermore, a salt spray test was conducted on both base metals and FSW joints. The scanning electron microscope was accustomed to examining the microstructure of the base metals and different zones. Mechanical characterization was performed to determine the welds’ strength and hardness. The phase examination was then performed on the weld nugget zone using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). To determine the mode of failure, the tensile fracture surfaces of the welded samples were inspected. The study found that the joint prepared at 950 rpm yielded maximum tensile strength of 174.3 MPa, % elongation of 13.8% and a higher hardness of 72 HV related to other joints. The corrosion test results exposed an enhancement in corrosion resistance of maximum tensile strength obtained from the welded joint

Several nanocrystalline SbO2phase materials were produced by annealing the as-synthesized Sb2O3phase materials obtained by varying (0 to 2500 ml) the quantity of deionized water as a solvent in the precipitation process at 700 °C/3 h. The existing high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) method yielded the monoclinic β-Sb2O4phase (C12/c1) for the α-Sb2O4powder (obtained by heating the Sb2O3powder in an oxygen atmosphere at 530 °C/24 h), whereas the present conventional heat treatment on the as-prepared Sb2O3phase materials shows the formation of an orthorhombic SbO2phase. All the annealed materials crystallized in orthorhombic structure with space group, Pna21(33)without any impurity despite the as-obtained Sb2O3phase materials varied in purity and symmetry. The formed SbO2phase materials showed no significant change in the orthorhombic lattice parameters, despite a comparable variation in the average crystalline size. The thermal, Raman, and micro-structural features of these nanocrystalline SbO2phase materials are further characterized by TG/DTA, Raman spectrometer, and FESEM-EDX techniques, respectively. Different morphological features of bar-shaped, spherical, and agglomerated particles are observed in the formed SbO2phase materials.

Byline: S. Balamurugan, Bharat. Gurnani, Kirandeep. Kaur Ocular tuberculosis (TB) in AIDS is relatively rare and can occur even at CD4+ cell counts greater than 200 cells/µl. Study done by [...]

Byline: Somasheila. Murthy, Swapnali. Sabhapandit, S. Balamurugan, Pranesh. Subramaniam, Maite. Sainz-de-la-Maza, Manisha. Agarwal, Carlos. Parvesio Scleritis is a rare painful ocular disorder, associated with severe ocular pain and tissue destruction. [...]

Byline: S. Balamurugan, Dipankar. Das, Murat. Hasanreisoglu, Brian. Toy, Mashal. Akhter, V. Anuradha, Eliza. Anthony, Bharat. Gurnani, Kirandeep. Kaur Interleukins and cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis of [...]

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising topology for high-voltage and high-power applications due to its modularity, scalability, and low harmonic distortion. In this paper, the design and implementation of an MMC using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is presented. The SVPWM technique is used to generate the switching signals for the MMC to achieve a high-quality output voltage waveform with low harmonic distortion. The MMC is designed using half-bridge sub-modules with a DC capacitor voltage balancing control method. The performance of the proposed MMC topology is validated through simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink and hardware implementation using field programmable gate array platforms. The results show that the proposed MMC using SVPWM technique achieves a better output voltage waveform with low harmonic distortion compared to the conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The proposed MMC topology is suitable for high-voltage and high-power applications such as renewable energy systems and electric vehicles.

Biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogeneson stainless steel, a widely used abiotic surface in the food processing industry, was investigated by focusing on the attachment tendency and behavior of L. monocytogenes08-5578 on eight different stainless steel surfaces: glass bead blasted (rough and fine), deburred (Timesaver), drum deburred, pickled, pickled and drum polished, electrolytic polished, and cold rolled (untreated control). The aim was to see whether there are finishes with significantly lower bacterial attachment. Surface roughness data (measured via four roughness parameters), determined by interferometry, was also compared with the number of adhering cells to detect possible correlations. Cultivation of L. monocytogenesbiofilms was carried out using a CDC biofilm reactor with 1% tryptic soy broth set at 20°C for 4, 8, and 24 h. In addition, a cultivation trial was run with continuous nutrient flow (1% tryptic soy broth, 6.2 mL/min) for 24 h. Eight-hour results showed a significant difference (P< 0.05) in biofilm cell counts in biofilms between the glass bead–blasted surfaces (3.23 and 3.26 log CFU/cm2for the fine and rough, respectively) and deburred (Timesaver) surface (2.57 log CFU/cm2), between drum deburred and deburred (Timesaver) surface (3.41 versus 2.57 log CFU/cm2), and between drum deburred and pickled surface (3.41 versus 2.77 log CFU/cm2). Data gained after 4-h, 24-h, and 24-h plus an additional 24-h continuous flow cultivation showed no significant difference in attachment among surfaces. No correlation between roughness data and attachment was found after all four incubation times, suggesting that roughness values, at these ranges, are insufficient in determining the surfaces' affinity to bacteria. Overall, this study suggests that roughness values cannot be used to predict the degree of L. monocytogenesattachment to a specific stainless steel surface.

Byline: V. Madanagopalan, C. Nagesha, Girish. Velis, Santosh. Devulapally, S. Balamurugan A 54-year-old male sustained ocular trauma with a projectile. Examination of the right eye revealed an intraocular foreign body [...]

Good healthcare systems are crucial to the socio-economic growth of a country. In the current scenario, with a rapidly growing population, it is not always possible to find good hospitals nearby which has beds and doctors available, especially in times of emergencies. However, no reliable hospital recommendation system exists which compute these parameters and suggests hospitals. The proposed model utilizes neural networks to recommend hospitals based on hospital ratings, doctors available and distance to ensure that in time of emergencies, because crucial time is not wasted and the people can go to the best suited hospital. A comparative study among different neural network models were carried out in terms of accuracy and computing time. The most efficient model was chosen to be implemented in the final recommendation system. The dataset used to train the neural network models was the Hospital rating dataset provided by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services available on Kaggle. A real-time database has been made in Google Firebase, which contains information about hospitals like location, ratings, doctors and beds available. An attendance system for doctors has also been designed using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) cards and NodeMCU. A web-application has also been designed where the user can obtain the name, address and phone number of the recommended hospital or hospitals.

In this work, we have investigated the solar reflective and color pigmentation effectiveness of some multifunctional binary oxides, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, Gd2O3, Dy2O3, La2O3, Sb2O3, Cr2O3, Y2O3, SnO2, and MnO2with the aid of XRD and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. We have also reviewed the recent studies in NIR pigments of multifunctional oxides. From the obtained NIR reflectance values, we note that Gd2O3, Sb2O3, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, and Y2O3showed interesting features on NIR reflectance on both the solar reflective (750–1350 nm) and color pigmentation region (1350–2500 nm). The oxides like SnO2and La2O3demonstrate relatively high solar reflective pigmentation (750–1350 nm) features than color pigmentation. MnO2and Cr2O3show low NIR reflectance both in solar and color pigmentation regions as compared to other types of oxides investigated in the present work. Among the different investigated oxides, Nb2O5exhibits a relatively high NIR reflectance value (~ 85%) in the NIR region (750–2500 nm). On the other hand, the MnO2powder reveals the lowest NIR reflectance value (15–20%) in the NIR region. The UV–visible absorbance spectra and their energy bandgap of the different oxides have also been compared.

BaMoO4is a special type of material that is suitable for photocatalysts, scintillating medium, solid-state laser, and optical fibers applications. The effect of different methods using different precursors by ball milling and co-precipitation and their characterizations details of different BaMoO4materials are reported here. Regardless of the employed methods, all the samples are crystallized in tetragonal symmetry with space group, I41/a(88) in phase pure form. The ball-milled BaMoO4materials show relatively broad reflections with reduced crystalline size (~ 20 nm) than the co-precipitation methods (~ 70 nm). Agglomerated nature of round-shaped particles is seen for the ball-milled BaMoO4materials which differ from the morphology of the co-precipitation processed materials having different shapes and sizes in the range of ~ 227–453 nm. UV–Vis absorption results reveal the optical band gap of 3.51–4.35 eV for the different BaMoO4materials. The Raman analysis features well support the optical properties of the BaMoO4phase. Among the different as-prepared materials, the NIR reflectance spectrum of BaMoO4materials obtained via the co-precipitation method exhibits relatively higher reflectance in the entire NIR region. The presently investigated BaMoO4materials (co-precipitation) show better NIR reflectance than the other type of scheelite (BiVO4and SrMoO4) materials.

•A novel framework combining DQN and BiLSTM for dynamic memory allocation in edge-PLCs.•Implementation of a Quantum Genetic Algorithm to enhance the optimization process.•Comprehensive experimental evaluations demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed approach compared to traditional methods.•Detailed analysis and discussion on the implications of our findings for future research and practical applications in the industry.

ABSTRACTStamped charging of coal has become increasingly demanded in blast furnaces, as pulverized coal injection is more used. In the stamped charging process, the bulk density of the coal is the most important parameter, which affects the productivity and campaign life of the coke oven batteries. Hence, online measurement of coal bulk density is very crucial for increased productivity. In this paper, a novel methodology that exploits the relationship between coal bulk density and sidewall pressure is discussed. The relationship has been quantitatively established by lab-scale experiments. Also, the lab-scale experiment describes a unique methodology, which enables pressure sensor mounting on the actual stamping machine for the actual application. The obtained relationship can be used directly for determining the bulk density of the actual stamped charge coal cakes in coke plants.

This paper disputes describing a solution to solve safety, quality and traceability problems in food products by providing healthy electronic food networks based on Blockchain technology and internet of things (IoT). The delivery and use of fake food reaches thousands every year, and the system of fake foodstuffs and stakeholders in the food supply chain (FSC) system are not subject to appropriate conflict measures. The current status of food items is recorded at anytime and anywhere with the goal of ensuring the validity of information sources by means of IoT devices. The framework has also realized that data exchange and storage in any stage of the supply chain are enabled by Blockchain supplier ledger technology to ensure that data are available, traceable and unimpaired. It will become evident directly at any point on the network that unsafe food is identified and its further access blocked. The FSC is replicated with a Hyperledger fabric platform and compares its performance with other methods which effectively improve data transparency, enhance food safety and reduce manual operation.

A simple room-temperature synthesis procedure is reported here to obtain pure cubic Sb2O3phase from the precursors, KSbO.C4H4O6and KOH. The quality, thermal, microstructural, and optical properties of as obtained materials are reported. The XRD pattern confirms the presence of polycrystalline cubic Sb2O3phase with a lattice parameter, a= 1.1161(3) nm. The precursor, KSbO.C4H4O6calcined at 350–900 °C yielded different products, unlike the single-step precipitation method. The morphology of octahedron-shaped grains to the size of 1.46–1.59 µm is observed for the as obtained Sb2O3phase. The exothermic peak temperature (633 °C) of the as obtained present Sb2O3phase materials with low weight loss of ~ 3.5% is slightly higher indicating the microcrystallinity of the materials. The analyzed different spectroscopic results validate the characteristics of the cubic Sb2O3phase.

PurposeTo evaluate the change in the ongoing immunomodulatory (IMT) and biological therapies among patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), and determine the number of uveitis relapses during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this national multicentric prospective case series, data of subjects with NIU receiving corticosteroids, systemic IMT and/or biological agents were analysed. The data collection was performed from 1 March 2020 to 25 June 2020. Main outcome measures included change in the ongoing treatments with corticosteroids, IMT and biological agents, use of alternate therapies and rates of uveitis relapse.ResultsIn this study, 176 patients (284 eyes) with NIU (mean age: 33±17.1 years; males: 68) were included. A total of 121 eyes (90 patients) were deemed to have active NIU. Of these, seven subjects (7.8%) did not receive intravenous methylprednisolone despite need felt by the treating uveitis experts. In addition, 35 subjects (57.4%) received a rapid tapering dosage of oral corticosteroids despite active disease. A total of 161 (91.5%) subjects were receiving systemic IMT and 25 (14.2%) were on biological therapies. Overall, IMT was altered in 29/161 (18.0%) subjects. Twenty-two eyes were treated with intravitreal therapies in the study period. Fifty-three eyes (32.5%, 29 subjects) developed relapse of NIU, of which 25 subjects (86.2%) were deemed to have reactivation related to altered systemic IMT. No patient developed COVID-19 during follow-up.ConclusionsDuring the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, uveitis specialists may tend to reduce the ongoing systemic IMT, or prefer less aggressive treatment strategies for NIU. These subjects may be at high risk of relapse of uveitis.

In this work, the samples produced by varying the synthesis conditions by the precipitation, manual mixing and wetting, ball-milling, and molten flux techniques were analyzed by XRD patterns. The materials produced by manual mixing and subsequent wetting and wet chemical route using 25 and 50 ml of deionized water as a solvent reveal the formation of a single orthorhombic Sb2O3phase, whereas the pure cubic Sb2O3phase is formed for 250 ml of deionized water. The ball-milling and molten flux-derived samples show different phases than the desired Sb2O3phase materials. The TG/DTA results reveal substantial changes in the thermal features of different processed materials. In the identified Sb2O3phase materials, the chemical Sb-O bond is confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. The characteristics of Raman modes of Sb2O3phase materials are assured from the Raman spectra. The UV–Vis spectra of the identified Sb2O3phase materials reveal broad maximum absorbance and show the band gap, Egof 3.21–3.96 eV. Different morphologies are observed for both orthorhombic and cubic Sb2O3phase materials. The identified Sb2O3phase materials are suitable for solar and color reflective pigment applications like the Al2O3, CeO2, TiO2, and ZnO nanomaterials.

The nanocrystalline AWO4(A = Ba, Sr, and Ca) materials were obtained by combustion followed by annealing at 800 °C for 3 h by using the nitrate salts of A = Ba, Sr, and Ca and other required raw materials. The XRD, TG–DTA, FT-IR, Raman, UV–Vis, FESEM, and EDX results of the AWO4series are presented in this article. The as-prepared combustion products show mixed phases, whereas the annealed samples yield pure scheelite phase, AWO4, crystallized in a tetragonal, I41/a (88) structure. The refined lattice parameters of the scheelite phases significantly vary with the difference in the ionic radii of the alkaline earth metals (A). The band gap (Eg) values obtained from Tauc plots are found as 5.63, 5.3, and 5.12 eV for A = Ba, Sr, and Ca, respectively, in the AWO4series.

Combustion-derived synthesis of nanostructured copper oxide (CuO) materials was synthesized by oxalic acid as a fuel, and copper nitrate as an oxidant. The combustion product showed mixed phases of CuO and Cu2O. The pure nanocrystalline CuO phase was obtained upon subsequent annealing of the combustion product at 700 °C for 3 h, whereas the planetary ball-milling of the combustion product at 300 rpm for 10 h yielded CuO phase with two weak peaks of Cu2O phase. The microstructural and optical properties of CuO nanomaterials were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), near infrared (NIR), and diffused reflectance spectroscopic (DRS) techniques. The annealed powder XRD pattern confirms that it crystallizes in a monoclinic C12/c1 (15) structure with lattice parameters: a= 0.4687(4), b= 0.3419(3), c= 0.5128(4) nm, and β= 99° 39′ (4) with average crystalline size, Dof 30.89 nm. The agglomeration of fine particles is seen for the ball-milled powder, while the annealed powder revealed different particle sizes in the range of 254 ~ 835 nm as evidenced from FESEM images. The NIR reflectance of (~ 45%) CuO powder (annealed) can be used as black pigments in color industries. The annealed CuO powder reveals narrow Raman peaks than ball-milled powder.

ABSTRACTSinter is the most preferred metallic burden for modern-day blast furnaces. It is produced by agglomeration of iron ore fines in sinter machine. Sintering process depends on airflow through the sinter bed under high suction. The airflow through the sinter bed is measured by sinter bed permeability and has direct correlation with sinter productivity. Permeability can be determined by different ways. Among these methods, permeability detection by measuring the airflow through granular sinter bed by placing the instrument in the static wind box is very well known. But there is a challenge due to multiphase and turbulent conditions in the wind box.Infrared-based flow measurement technique has been used to measure flow. Therefore, this flow has been used to get permeability in the form of JPU (Japanese Permeability Unit). Productivity increases by 4% in spite of decrease in mean particle size of iron ore by 3.4% for a fixed time duration.

In health care firm, data mining (DM) has an effectual role in predicting the diseases. Today, diabetes is the chief global health issue. Several algorithms are introduced for predicting the diabetes disease and its accuracy estimation. Yet, there is no effectual algorithm for providing the severity of diabetes in respect of ratio which interprets the impact of diabetes on different organs of the human body. To overcome such drawbacks, predictive and risk level classification of diabetes patients using DLMNN and Naïve Bayes (NB) classification methods is system model. This system model system comprises 2 phases namely, phase-1: diabetic disease prediction model, and phase-2: risk analysis. In phase-1, the patient data are taken as of the dataset. Then, from this patient dataset repeated data are removed using HDFS Map Reduce (). Next, as the preprocessing stage, the missing attributes are replaced by averaging the considered data. After that, from the preprocessed data the disease is predicted using DLMNN classification method which results in obtaining the diabetic patient data. Then, the diabetic patient data are sent to phase-2. In phase 2, the missing attributes are replaced using the same average method. Next, the patient data is sorted centered on age utilizing recursive K-means clustering algorithm. Finally, the clustered patient data is classified using the NB classifier algorithm. Experiential results contrasted the system model modified deep learning algorithm with the existing IKMC algorithm in rapports of precision, accuracy, F-measure, and recall. The outcomes confirmed that the system model diabetes prediction and analysis model shows better results on considering the existent methods.

Quality coke as one of the raw materials is very important to produce hot metal in a blast furnace. Coal with required size fractions is fed to the coke oven for efficient coking operation after stamping. The determination of size fraction of coal particles is very much essential for the efficient stamping process. Offline sieve analysis is generally used for this purpose irrespective of highly time consuming, non-representative, maintenance prone. Real time machine vision system which robustly determines the size, distribution of free falling coal particles at the end of conveyor belt was developed to eliminate drawbacks of sieving. The new feature extraction algorithm was developed to obtain features, a subset of which is statistically chosen on their relative relevance for classification using minimum distance classifier (MDC), Bayes Gaussian network and probabilistic neural networks (PNN) with PNN outperforming the others for 17,000 training samples, and 15,000 testing samples. Additionally, this size analysis result was compared with that of sieve analysis. The outcome of this experiment showed slight tilt toward finer sizes which is desired since one of its application lies in minimising the fine generation to optimise the operation of the plant.

Malware creates huge noises in the current data era. The security query arises everyday with new malwares created by the intruders. Malware protection remains one of the trending areas of research in the Android platform. Malwares are routed through the SMS/MMS in the subscriber's network. The SMS once read is forwarded to other users. This will impact the device once the intruders access the device data. Device data theft and the user data theft also includes credit card credentials, login credentials and card information based on the users' data stored in the Android device. This paper works towards how the various malwares in the SMS can be detected to protect mobile users from potential risks from multiple data sources. Using a single data source will not be very effective with the spam detection, as the single data source will not contain all the updated malwares and spams. This work uses two methods namely, BCC for spam clustering and LIME for classification of malwares. The significance of these methods is their ability to work with unstructured data from different sources. After the two-step classification, a set of unique malwares is identified, and all further malwares are grouped according to their category.

The Zn1-xBixO (0 ≤ x≤ 0.1) combustion products were synthesized by solution combustion method using Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and Bi(NO3)3·5H2O as oxidizers and glycine as a fuel. To enhance the solubility of Bi in the ZnO hexagonal structure, the different portions of the combustion products were subsequently annealed (600 °C/5 h) and ball-milled under 350 rpm for 10 h. The various multifunctional Zn1-xBixO materials were analyzed by different characterization techniques (XRD, TG–DTA, FT-IR, NIR, Raman, and FESEM-EDX) to explore the physico-chemical properties. In a wide range of composition (x), only the x= 0 and 0.02 revealed a single hexagonal phase with a Zn1-xBixO structure for the combustion products and annealed samples. Remarkably, the multifunctional nanocrystalline Zn1-xBixO (0 ≤ x≤ 0.1) materials were successfully obtained in phase pure form upon subsequent ball-milling of the combustion products, while the annealing treatment failed to enhance the solubility of Bi for x= 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1. As the combustion products and annealed materials show higher NIR reflectance in the NIR region for x= 0, 0.02, maybe used as solar protecting color pigment materials. Though the ball milling of combustion products enhanced the solubility of Bi in the ZnO structure, it heavily affected the NIR reflectance of Zn1-xBixO. Agglomeration of fine particles is observed in the FESEM micro-images of Zn1-xBixO; x= 0.1 (ball-milled) materials. From the present research findings, we conclude that high-energy ball milling has a substantial impact on the phase formation and the properties of the ball-milled Zn1-xBixO samples.

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis (XA) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the adrenal glands and resembles adrenal neoplasm in clinical and radiologic characteristics. There is no report on XA presenting as a functioning adrenal mass in the literature. We present a case of XA mimicking a functioning adrenocortical carcinoma.Case report: A 52-year-old man presented with right flank pain, fever, vomiting, and loss of appetite for 2 weeks. He had signs of dehydration and elevated blood glucose level. Ultrasonography revealed a right adrenal mass. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed lobulated and necrotic mass replacing the right suprarenal gland and encasing the right renal vein, adjacent inferior vena cava, psoas, and diaphragm. There was loss of fat planes with liver and upper pole of the right kidney. Biochemical evaluation indicated increased serum and urine cortisol levels. As a sequel to hypercortisolism-induced hyperglycemia, he developed spontaneous chest wall abscess and bilateral sudden vision loss due to vitreous hemorrhages. Pus and blood culture grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Adrenal suppressant ketoconazole was administered for better glycemic control. With a diagnosis of locally advanced adrenocortical malignancy, right radical adreno-nephrectomy was performed, and cut section revealed a pus collection of around 100 mL. Histopathology examination showed xanthogranulomatous inflammation involving adrenal gland, Gerota’s fascia, psoas, and lymph nodes. Postoperatively, the patient recovered satisfactorily with favorable glycemic control.Conclusion: XA can mimic adrenal neoplasms both clinically and radiologically and is associated with staphylococcal infection. It warrants surgical excision and culture-based antibiotics and is mostly diagnosed on postoperative histopathology.

In the process of finding an alternative for CMOS technology, various new technologies have emerged with emphasis on reducing the power consumption. Amongst the various technologies, nanomagnetic logic (NML) serves as a favourable replacement. Nanomagnetic logic is a new computing paradigms for the beyond CMOS technology that uses both memory and logic elements between nanomagnets using field-coupled technology. This paper explores the approximate computing concept in nanomagnetic logic. Approximate computing is an emerging computing paradigm where we can trades-off the power with accuracy. We have put forward two approximate 8-bit Dadda multipliers that have been designed using two different 5:2 approximate compressors using majority-based logic. The effectiveness and efficiency of these multipliers are evaluated using image processing algorithms and comparison with other approximate multipliers.

The main aim of this research is to design and develop an efficient approach for predicting ultrasound kidney diseases using multiple stages. Nowadays, kidney disease prediction is one of the crucial procedures in surgical and treatment planning for ultrasound images. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel ultrasound kidney diseases prediction using the artificial neural network (ANN). To achieve the concept, we comprise the proposed system into four modules such as preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection using OGOA and disease prediction using ANN. Initially, we eliminate the noise present in the input image using the optimal wavelet and bilateral filter. Then, a set of GLCM features are extracted from each input image and then we select the important features using oppositional grasshopper optimisation algorithm (OGOA). To classify the image as normal or abnormal, the proposed method utilises an artificial neural network (ANN). The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The experimentation results show that the proposed system attains the maximum accuracy of 95.83% which is high compared to existing methods.

A significant amount of construction and demolition waste is generated in India every year. The proper management of this waste has become a crucial concern due to fast urban growth, building projects, and increased construction work. The volume of this waste is substantial, which can harm the environment, deplete resources, and pose health risks if not handled well. This study presents an innovative method for biodiesel synthesis, addressing the challenges of construction and demolition (C&D) waste management and renewable energy integration. The research introduces a novel catalyst derived from C&D waste through a calcination process, offering an eco-friendly solution for waste repurposing. This catalyst demonstrates potential for sustainable biodiesel production, marking a significant advancement in waste management practices. Furthermore, a pioneering solar-powered reactor is utilized for biodiesel synthesis, achieving an impressive 92.2% conversion rate under specific conditions. The system's energy efficiency, calculated as 2.39×10−4g/J, surpasses conventional methods, highlighting its potential for reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. Moreover, the produced biodiesel meets ASTM D6751 standards, ensuring quality and compatibility with industry requirements.

AbstractLet G= (V, E) be a undirected, finite, simple graph. A subset Dof Vis said to be dominating set if for every vin V – Dthere exists uin Dsuch that uand vare adjacent. A dominating set Dis said to be connected dominating set if < D> has connected. We introduce the concept of chromatic connected dominating set. A subset Dof Vis said to be chromatic connected dominating set if Dis a connected dominating set and χ(< D>) = χ(G), where χ(G) is a chromatic number of G. The minimum cardinality of chromatic connected dominating set of a graph Gis called a chromatic connected domination number and is denoted by γcc(G). We find the chromatic connected domination number for some standard graphs and characterize the graph for γcc(G) = 2.

AbstractLet G= (V, E) be a simple, finite and undirected graph and without isolated vertex. A set D⊆ Vis said to be chromatic total dominating set of Gif Dis a total dominating set and χ() = χ(G). The minimum cardinality of a chromatic total dominating set of Gis called the chromatic total domination number of Gand is denoted by γtch(G). In this paper, we discuss the chromatic total domination number for standard graphs.

Results obtained on the visible light mediated photocatalytic properties of Al2O3nanoparticles doped with Zn2+ions synthesized by precipitation method is given in this paper. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FT-IR and PL studies were performed to bring out the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Peaks related to monoclinic Al2O3(θ-phase) was observed from the XRD patterns of the undoped and doped samples. A decrement of band gap from 3.86 eV to 3.71 eV with Zn doping has been observed. Oxygen vacancy related peaks were observed in the PL spectra of the samples. Enhanced degradation efficiency through Zn-doping has been observed for the Al2O3nanoparticles against methyl orange. The maximum degradation efficiency of 90.69% observed for the 4 wt% Zn-doped Al2O3catalyst was well acknowledged from its maximum degradation rate constant of 0.0273 min−1. The more stable nature of the Zn-doped Al2O3photocatalysts confirmed their use as efficient photocatalysts for practical applications.

Many multi label problem transformation (PT) and algorithm adaptation (AA) methods need to be explored to get good candidate for avifaunal occupancy modelling. This research contrasted eight commonly used state-of-the-art PT and AA multi label methods. The data was created by collecting January 2014-December 2014 records from e-bird repository for the study area Madurai district, south eastern Tamil Nadu. The analysis shows that classifier chain (CC) and multi label naive Bayes (MLNB) are the good aspirants for avifauna data. The MLNB did best with 0.019 hamming loss and 90% average precision. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time to use MLNB for avifaunal data and the results of multi label naive Bayes concludes that out of 143 species observed, six species had high occurrence rate and 68 species had low occurrence rate.

The human cervical spine is the most essential support system of the whole body. It consists of vertebras, tissues, facet joints, intervertebral disks and ligaments. The problems in the cervical spine is more frequent, it can be due to accident or increase with the age. The objective of this study is to develop the interbody fusion cage with different porosity size and study the behavior of the cage for the compression loads. The bone graft introduced in the cage will provide osteointegration with the adjacent vertebra. For the biomechanical analysis we created the cervical level C6–C7 and inserted the cage in the functional spine unit and analyzed using finite element analysis for compression loadings. In this study, by introducing the semispherical shape porosity in the inferior and superior surface of the cage will reduce the cage stress and in the same porosity we introduced the bone graft for the better osteointegration. So, the reduced stress in the cage structure will reduce the occurrence of the subsidence and migration of the cage.

The study investigated the effects of high pressure processing (HPP; 600 MPa for 3 min) and hot water (HW; 75°C for 15 min) pasteurization on the inactivation of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes,natural populations of lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonasspp., and coliforms in vacuum-packaged cooked sausages and their recovery during storage at 4 and 10°C for 35 days. Cooking sausages to an internal temperature of 72°C resulted in a >6-log reduction in numbers of inoculated L. monocytogenes. Storage at 4°C resulted in no significant difference (P> 0.05) in L. monocytogenesnumbers in sausages pasteurized by either HPP or HW compared with unpasteurized control. However, at 10°C, L. monocytogenesnumbers in unpasteurized control sausages increased to about 7 log CFU/g by day 35, whereas in HPP-pasteurized sausages, numbers remained below the detection limit for up to 21 days and then increased to 4.5 log CFU/g by day 35. HW pasteurization resulted in inhibition of L monocytogenesto below the detection limit throughout the 35-day storage at 10°C. Natural lactic acid bacteria populations were significantly reduced by HPP and HW pasteurization and continued to be significantly lower at the end of the 35-day storage. Unlike most studies that focus on HPP or HW treatment of postcooking surface contamination of meat with Listeria,this study examined the combined effect of cooking, HPP, and HW on raw meat with a high contamination level. This scenario is important in countries where raw meat supply and in-store refrigeration are a challenge. The results suggest that HPP and HW pasteurization could be used to successfully enhance the safety and shelf life of cooked sausages and that HW pasteurization (75°C) was more effective than HPP (600 MPa) to control L. monocytogenes.

Gynaecological disorder is one of the most severe conditions under reproductive health. So we investigate and collect information from traditional practitioners on the use of medicinal plants for treatment of Gynaecological disorder in Vedaranyam taluk, Nagappattinam district of South India. The field study was carried out for a period of January 2014–January 2015 in Vedaranyam taluk, Nagappattinam district of South India. This is the first traditional medicine study in which statistical calculations about plants are done by RFC, CI, UV and ICF in the study area. The ethnomedicinal information was collected through interviews, informal meetings, open and group discussions and overt observations with semi-structured questionnaires among traditional practitioners. A total of 66 species of plants distributed in 62 genera belonging to 44 families were identified as commonly used ethno medicinal plants by traditional practitioners in Vedaranyam taluk for the treatment of 36 ailments based on the reproductive systems treated. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts and most of the medicines were prepared in the form of paste and administrated orally. We know the most important species according to their use value such as Moringa oleifera, Smailax zeylanicaand Achyranthes asperawere recorded. The present study, we have highlighted some claims which are high use in the study area. Further pharmacological studies of these plants may provide some important drugs for the treatment of common gynaecological disorders.

Presently, sight and sound information becomes available quickly because of the propelled interactive media catching gadgets such as computerised video recorder, portable camera, etc. As ordinary inquiry by-content recovery does not fulfil clients' needs in finding the desired recordings viably, content-based video recovery stands out as the most sensible answer to enhance the recovery quality. Moreover, video recovery utilising inquiry by picture is not effective in partnership with the recordings to the client's advantage. In this manuscript, we intend a creative strategy to accomplish the high calibre substance-based video recovery by finding the transient examples. On premise of the found lobbyist designs, a productive indexing procedure and a powerful grouping coordinating strategy are incorporated to diminish the calculation cost and to raise the recovery precision. Trial result uncover that our methodology is extremely encouraging in upgrading content-based video recovery with regard to proficiency and adequacy in NPTEL.

Compressors are widely used in multiplier to reduce the partial products. This paper proposed the design of 5-3 multicolumn compressor. The proposed 5-3 multicolumn compressor is used to design the various size multipliers. In this paper, we have designed 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10 and 12 × 12 bit multiplier using proposed 5-3 multicolumn compressor, conventional 5-3 multicolumn compressor and conventional 4-2 compressor and compared the results. Simulation result shows that the proposed architecture consumes less power and provides more speed than conventional multicolumn 5-3 compressor and conventional 4-2 compressor. Cadence RTL compiler is used to obtain the results of multiplier.