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A novel strategy involving warm rolling and tempering-annealing was introduced to optimize the strength-ductility balance of Fe-10.2Mn-2.2Al-0.41C-0.6 V (wt. %) steel. The V- and κ-carbide particles produced during the tempering are critical for tailoring the austenite characteristics during the subsequent annealing. Austenite that nucleates on Mn-rich κ-carbides inherit their high Mn content and fine grain size. Quantitative calculations suggest that the pinning effect exerted by the V-carbide particles strongly resists grain boundary motion and recrystallization grain growth, further refining the final microstructure. Moreover, the dual nano-sized particles induce abnormal variations in the grain size and fraction of austenite, influencing the deformation mechanisms. In the absence of deformation twins, the fresh martensite develops into “separating walls” to refine the microstructure and further enhances the work hardening in addition to the complex dislocation mobile. Finally, the tempered-annealed sample demonstrated a simultaneous increase in the yield and tensile strengths from 1166 to 1452 MPa and 1507–1727 MPa, but a slight decrease in the total elongation from 18.6% to 16.8% compared to annealed sample, achieving a good strength-ductility balance.

Erectile dysfunction is a common sexual disorder in men. Some studies have found a strong association between some serum metabolites and erectile dysfunction. To investigate this association further, we used bidirectional Mendelian randomisation to investigate causality and possible biological mechanisms.Firstly, this study screened the statistics of genome-wide association studies of serum metabolites and erectile dysfunction to obtain instrumental variables. Inverse variance weighting was used as the primary method for causal effect analysis of instrumental variables in forward or reverse Mendelian randomisation, and the results obtained by MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method were used as references. Subsequently, the metabolites causally associated with erectile dysfunction were subjected to replication analyses and meta-analyses, and the results of the meta-analyses were analysed by pathway analyses to find influential pathways. In this process, Mendelian randomisation results need to be assessed for stability and reliability using sensitivity analysis.It was found that a total of six serum metabolites were causally associated with erectile dysfunction in a forward Mendelian randomisation study. 1,3,7-trimethyluraten (0.85 (0.73–0.99), P= 0.0368), ergothioneine (0.65 (0.45–0.94), P= 0.0226) and gamma-glutamylglutamate (0.63 (0.46–0.88), P= 0.0059) were protective against the development of erectile dysfunction, whereas 2-hydroxyhippurate (1.10 (1.02–1.19), P= 0.0152), N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (1.57 (1.02–2.40), P= 0.0395) and octanoylcarnitine (1.38 (1.06–1.82), P= 0.0183) were able to induce the development of erectile dysfunction. In addition, metabolic pathway analysis showed that 1,3,7-trimethylurate was able to influence the development of erectile dysfunction via the caffeine metabolism pathway (P= 0.0454). On the other hand, reverse Mendelian randomisation analysis showed that erectile dysfunction reduced serum homocitrulline levels (0.99 (0.97–1.00), P= 0.0360). Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests and pleiotropy tests, confirmed the reliability of the results.In conclusion, this study demonstrated a bidirectional causal relationship between serum metabolites and erectile dysfunction using bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis and replication meta-analysis. On this basis, this study provides a new direction of thinking and strong evidence for the therapeutic application and adjunctive diagnosis of serum metabolites in erectile dysfunction, and provides a certain reference value for subsequent related studies.

High-strength steels support the rapid development of modern automobile industry. Especially quenching-partitioning (QP) steels have presented the considerable potential thanks to their excellent mechanical properties. In recent years, quenching-partitioning-tempering (QPT), as well as other processes developed from QP process (DF-QP processes), have received much attention. Numerous QP and QPT steels have been widely used in automobile body materials. This paper summarizes the design principles of QP, QPT, and DF-QP processes of the latest research progress on microstructures and mechanical properties of the high-strength and toughness steels. Furthermore, three key aspects, involving of (i) the carbon (C) partitioning behavior during heat-treatment process and its influence on austenite stability, (ii) the internal relationship between austenite stability and deformation mechanism, and (iii) the influence of micro-alloying elements on microstructure, are summarized in the QPT steels. Finally, the service performances of above-mentioned steels are evaluated and their development prospects are forecasted.

Peak alignment is a crucial step in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based large-scale untargeted metabolomics workflows, as it enables the integration of metabolite peaks across multiple samples, which is essential for accurate data interpretation. Slight differences or fluctuations in chromatographic separation conditions, however, can cause the chromatographic retention time (RT) shift between consecutive analyses, ultimately affecting the accuracy of peak alignment between samples. Here, we introduce a novel RT shift correction method based on the retention index (RI) and apply it to peak alignment. We synthesized a series of N-acyl glycine (C2–C23) homologues via the amidation reaction between glycine with normal saturated fatty acids (C2–C23) as calibrants able to respond proficiently in both mass spectrometric positive- and negative-ion modes. Using these calibrants, we established an N-acyl glycine RI system. This RI system is capable of covering a broad chromatographic space and addressing chromatographic RT shift caused by variations in flow rate, gradient elution, instrument systems, and LC separation columns. Moreover, based on the RI system, we developed a peak shift correction model to enhance peak alignment accuracy. Applying the model resulted in a significant improvement in the accuracy of peak alignment from 15.5 to 80.9% across long-term data spanning a period of 157 days. To facilitate practical application, we developed a Python-based program, which is freely available at https://github.com/WHU-Fenglab/RI-based-CPSC.

Gut microbiota–host co-metabolites serve as essential mediators of communication between the host and gut microbiota. They provide nutrient sources for host cells and regulate gut microenvironment, which are associated with a variety of diseases. Analysis of gut microbiota–host co-metabolites is of great significance to explore the host–gut microbiota interaction. In this study, we integrated chemical derivatization, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and molecular networking (MN) to establish a novel CD-MN strategy for the analysis of carboxylated metabolites in gut microbial–host co-metabolism. Using this strategy, 261 carboxylated metabolites from mouse feces were detected, which grouped to various classes including fatty acids, bile acids, N-acyl amino acids, benzoheterocyclic acids, aromatic acids, and other unknown small-scale molecular clusters in MN. Based on the interpretation of the bile acid cluster, a novel type of phenylacetylated conjugates of host bile acids was identified, which were mediated by gut microbiota and exhibited a strong binding ability to Farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. Our proposed strategy offers a promising platform for uncovering carboxylated metabolites in gut microbial–host co-metabolism.

The rapid development of automotive industry results in a series of increasingly serious problems such as energy consumption and environmental pollution, so that developing the automotive steels with high-strength and low-density is of great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction. Recently, Fe–Mn–C–Al system steel is favored by numerous researchers because of its low density and excellent combination of strength and ductility. However, too much Al addition inevitably triggers various changes of microstructure, deformation mechanism, and mechanical properties. In this paper, the composition design, production process, strengthening and strain hardening mechanism, and microstructure evolution are systematically expounded. The discussion mainly focuses on various strengthening (solid solution strengthening, grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening) and strain hardening mechanisms (phase transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP), twinning-induced-plasticity (TWIP), microband-induced-plasticity (MBIP), shear-band-induced-plasticity (SIP) and dynamic slip band refinement (DSBR), etc.). Also, the existing problems and future challenges in Fe–Mn–Al–C low-density steels are pointed out via analyzing the service performance (cryogenic performance, impact toughness, fatigue performance, hydrogen embrittlement, wear performance, and tensile properties). Finally, we look forward to the future development direction of Fe–Mn–Al–C low-density steels and provide the valuable ideas.

•The LC-MS analysis of small molecule compounds in complex samples typically requires sample preparation.•The advancements in chemoselective probes with a focus on the progress in probe design are reviewed.•The design of cleavable linkers is highlighted.

Bile acids (BAs) are a type of gut microbiota–host cometabolites with abundant structural diversity, and they play critical roles in maintaining host–microbiota homeostasis. In this study, we developed a new N-(4-aminomethylphenyl) pyridinium (AMPP) derivatization-assisted alternating dual-collision energy scanning mass spectrometry (AMPP-dual-CE MS) method for the profiling of BAs derived from host–gut microbiota cometabolism in mice. Using the proposed method, we discovered two new types of amino acid conjugations (alanine conjugation and proline conjugation) and acetyl conjugation with host BAs, for the first time, from mouse intestine contents and feces. Additionally, we also determined and identified nine new leucine- and phenylalanine-conjugated BAs. These findings broaden our knowledge of the composition of the BA pool and provide insight into the mechanism of host–gut microbiota cometabolism of BAs.

ABSTRACTThe safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, one of the major challenges to public vaccination, has been controversial. This study assessed the adverse reactions of 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccines. This open-label, observational, multi-center, post-marketing study assessed the safety of 9vHPV administered according to local clinical practice. All post-marketing adverse events (AEs) reports received between December 2019 and November 2021 in Chongqing were analyzed. A total of 1000 individuals aged 16–26 years provided safety data post-vaccination; The most common AEs (60.1%) experienced by 9vHPV vaccine recipients were vaccination-site AEs (pain, swelling, induration) and non-vaccination-site AEs (dizzy, weak, fever). Vaccination-site AEs most were mild-to-moderate in intensity. Discontinuations and HPV 9-related serious AEs were rare (0.3% and 0.0%, respectively). Eight SAEs were reported during the study but none were considered as related to the study vaccine. The 9vHPV vaccine was generally well tolerated in subjects aged 16–26 years; Vaccination-site AEs were more common with 9vHPV.

A new three-dimensional Zn(II) complex named [Zn(1,3-BMIB)(TBIP)⋅2H2O]n(1) (containning 1,3-BMIB = 1,3-bis(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene, H2TBIP=5-tert-butyl isophthalic acid) had been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Systematic structural characterization, especially the single crystal X-ray diffraction method, discreetly reveal the complex 1exhibits three-dimensional (3D) framework with CdSO4topology. The 3D crystrals 1display solid-state fluorescence behavior at room temperature, indicating the potential of the candidate materials for absorbing and using visible light. The photocatalytic properties of compound 1were estimated through the model photodecomposition dye pollutants using methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation.

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology based on powder bed has been used to manufacture GH4169 samples. In the present work, taking Ni-based powders of GH4169 as experiment material, the good technological parameters of SLM were determined by analyzing the effect of the laser electric current, the scan speed ,the laser pulse width, the laser light frequency, the push powder thickness, the scan interval and the scanning way on Single-layer single-channel scanning, single-layer multi-channel scanning and multi-level multi-channel scanning. The effects of process parameters on the powder formability was analyzed. The cross-sections morphology and density of the block specimen prepared under the different SLM process parameter were studied. The optimal process parameters were the scanning speed of 150 mm/min, the laser pulse width of 5.0 ms, the push powder thickness of 0.15 mm, the scanning current of 140 A, the laser light frequency of 12Hz and the scan interval of 0.25mm.

A novel semisolid stirring and rheo-rolling process for preparing Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3SiC (wt%) composite strips was proposed, and the effects of process parameters of semisolid stirring on microstructures of Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3SiC (wt%) composite strips were investigated. The average grain size and roundness decrease, and the distribution of SiC becomes more homogeneous with the decrease in stirring temperature and the increase in the stirring speed. When the stirring time is increased, the distribution of SiC particles tends to be homogeneous, and the average grain diameter and roundness of α-Mg grain decrease. Under the following process parameters: the stirring temperature at 640 °C, the stirring speed at 1100 rpm, the stirring time at 30 min and the roll speed at 0.2 m/s, Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3SiC (wt%) strip with a cross-sectional size of 4 mm × 160 mm was prepared. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3SiC (wt%) composite strip reached 226 ± 6 MPa and (7.4 ± 0.2)%, which are obviously improved in comparison with Mg–3Sn–1Mn (wt%).

The sandwich structure based on Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is a lightweight and high-strength multifunctional composite material that combines the versatility of heat exchange, impact resistance, and energy absorption, and has been widely used in various fields such as aviation and aerospace. However, its sound absorption performance has not meant fully studied. In this paper, a Micro-perforated plate Diamond sandwich structure (MPP-DSS) was designed based on TPMS method, which was composed of aluminum alloy solid panel, aluminum alloy macroscopically ordered porous Diamond structure and aluminum alloy micro-perforated plate. The acoustic absorption performance in low and medium frequency band was studied by impedance tube method. The results show that MPP-DSS has higher absorption coefficient and bandwidth than traditional perforated plate structure with the same structural parameters. Increasing the thickness of micro-perforated plate can improve the sound absorption capacity of MPP-DSS in the low frequency range, but the width of the sound absorption band will be narrowed accordingly. Different from the resonant sound absorption mechanism of the traditional perforated plate structure, the sound absorption mechanism of MPP-DSS is the combined effect of resonant sound absorption and friction loss sound absorption. This study broadens the versatility of the TPMS structure and can serve as a reference for the design of integrated load-bearing and sound-absorbing structures.

Microscopic phase-field method was used to simulate the site occupation of a series of alloys with a stoichiometric composition of Ni75Al25–xFex(x=0, 5–10) aged at 1273 K. With the change of Fe content, quantitative calculations were made on each atomic site occupation probability (SOP) in L12-Ni3(Al1–xFex), so as to find out the dynamic response law. The result of the study shows that, with the increase of Fe content, the Fe atom preferentially occupies the Bsites (corner sites of FCC) with its SOP value being increased gradually, and the SOP of the Al atom on the Bsites is greatly decreased. Meanwhile, AlNiand FeNianti-sites form in the precipitation of L12phase. Moreover, with the increase of Fe content, the formation of AlNiand FeNianti-sites becomes much easier. In addition, it has been found that the instantaneous dynamic evolution of the atomic SOP is completed at the early stage of the growth of L12phases.

SAPO-34 molecular sieve was successfully synthesized using calcined-MCM-41 as silica source and morpholine as a template. The influence of MCM-41 content on the synthesis was investigated. The result shows that pure SAPO-34 could be obtained in a wide range of the n (SiO2)/n (Al2O3) ratio in the starting gel. Moreover, increase the n (SiO2)/n (Al2O3) ratio has a negative effect on crystallinity while high silicon incorporates into the framework of SAPO-34. Keywords: MCM-41, SAPO-34, Silicon source,

The mechanical properties of 3104 aluminum alloy processed by different combinations of cryogenic and homogenization treatments were studied. The 3104 aluminum alloy processed by the cryogenic treatment followed by homogenization exhibited an enhancement in the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation by 29%, 41%, and 11%, respectively, as compared with a sample processed by the conventional homogenization treatment. The stress–strain curve of the sample processed by the homogenization treatment exhibited the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect, whereas the sample processed by the cryogenic treatment did not. Further, the cryogenic treatment could accelerate the precipitation of secondary phase particles for the sample processed by a deep cryogenic treatment, followed by a homogenization treatment, which enhanced the dislocation pinning effect of the solvent atoms and thus improved the critical strain.

With the diversified market demands, the high precision deep hole processing increased and the difficulty coefficient has been getting greater, Therefore, how to improve the deep hole linearity problem is also imminent. This article studies on the linearity deviation problems in the process of small deep hole processing which diameter is between 3 and 16. From the parameters of gun drill cutting tools, accessoties of machine, and the vibration system of machine tools in the machining process, etc., to discuss the reasons affecting the linearity and put forward corresponding solutions for various influencing factors. Finally through computer analysis software and experimental means to verify the feasibility of the scheme.

Many factors affect the phase, chemical composition, heating rate, cooling rate, microstructure, deformation will affect the phase transformation. Laboratory testing of finished the test used with different chemical composition, but the heating rate, cooling rate, microstructure and deformation degree are the same. Through differential thermal analyzer (DTA) measurement of phase transformation temperature of the samples, explain the effect of different alloy composition of non-oriented electrical steel phase transformation.

Different alloy composition has a significant effect on the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel . Alloy composition effected recrystallization of product through the effect of hot rolling plate grain size, then effected magnetic properties. Supposing everything other component and process remain equal, the iron loss significantly decreased and magnetic induction deterioration was not obvious with the increase of Manganese element and the grain size increases.

With orthogonal optimization method, the impact of the ratio and addition of flux and melting temperature on the recovery and metal impurity quantity of waste aluminumcan is researched, and the optimal purification process is obtained:Formula 3 flux, melting temperature 740℃and flux addition 4%. In this condition, the recovery rate is 89.3%, flux addition is 0.1024%. Furthermore, the ratio and addition of flux have a significant effect on the waste aluminum cans purification is concluded.

Geometric dimensioning measurement is a very important application in metrology. In this paper, we focus on the geometric dimensioning automatic detection of tubular member based on the laser displacement sensor. An automatic detection system of tubular member is designed using line laser scanning principle. The system includes base, swivel table, servo motor, motor driver, servo pack, motor controller, laser displacement sensor, data acquisition card, and computer. The system first gathers the displacement information by laser displacement sensor, then performs coordinate transformation and three dimension reconstruction of the tubular member. The external diameter and the roundness error can also be measured. The experimental results show that the geometric dimensioning parameters measurement is effective and accurate using this method.

A simple theoretical model to predict the size control of carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles is developed using heat transfer and carbon diffusion theories. Taking carbon-encapsulated nickel nanoparticles as an example, the minimum size of carbon-encapsulated structure that can be formed as a function of the ambient temperature is calculated and the effect of activation energies for carbon diffusion on the size of carbon-encapsulated nickel nanoparticles is examined. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiment, suggesting that our model can be used to guide the size-controlled synthesis of carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles.

This article is to explore factors which should be taken into consideration in medical building designing in Shanxi province, through investigation and analysis of the features and outlines of medical buildings in this area.

Laser surface cladding of Ti6Al4V alloy by Ti+Al+C powders (Titanium and carbon powders with an atomic ratio of 1:1 were mixed with 20-60wt.% aluminum powders) was investigated using CO2 laser. TiC particles were in situ formed mainly during the solidification and sizes of TiC particles were varied according to different contents of aluminum powders in the Ti+Al+C system. The results show that the coating had good metallurgical bonding with substrate when Al content was 20% or 40%. The microhardness of coating is 738HV0.5 which was 2 times as that of the Ti6Al4V alloy approximately. The wear resistance of TiC/Al ceramic layer was approximately 3 times greater than that of the Ti6Al4V substrate. 1

Laser surface cladding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by Ti+C+Al powders (Titanium and carbon powders with an atomic ratio of 1:1 were mixed with 20-40wt.% aluminum powders) was investigated. TiC particles were in situ formed mainly during the solidification. Effect of Al content on the porosity and microstructure of the cladding layer was studied. The resultant microstructure in the modified surface layer was characterized and the micro-hardness on the cladding layers was measured, as well as the wear rates. The results show that the coating had good metallurgical bonding with substrate when the Al mass fraction in Al-Ti-C system is 30 %. The micro-hardness of coating is 802HV0.5 which is 2~3 times as that of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy approximately.

Ni/TiC composites have been produced using laser induced self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The chemical composition and microstructure were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The sintered density and mechanical properties such as bending strength and micro-hardness were also measured. The results showed that the synthesized products were consisted of TiC and Ni phases, which indicated that the TiC was synthesized by the in-situ reaction. Moreover, the results revealed that the sintered density increased and the micro-hardness and bending strength of the synthesized products gradually decreased with the increasing of Ni contents.

This article analyzes how the choice of governance model affects income ratio of between the capital and labor groups and future development in a society. Governance models might be divided into anarchy, regulatory government, centralized government and elected government. The income ratios of between the capital and labor groups and social sustainable developments in four governance models are shown by a basic model. Both anarchy and regulatory government would be unsustainable early or late, centralized government would be uncertain in sustainable development, while elected government would be durative because of equality. Therefore, a governance model should be designed as elected government or centralized government in a society, and if centralized government is chosen, it is necessary to keep it sustainable for us.

Selective laser sintering technology is used for manufacturing parts from 316 stainless steel powders. Experiments were carried out on a Nd:YAG laser machine (LMY400) with 400W. Powder is layered by a roller over the surface of a 100mm diameter build cylinder. Effects of processing parameter on the scan line width, the scan line height, the single layer structure and the multilayer structure are investigated. The results show laser power, scan speed and layer thickness have a great effect on the scan line width and line height. Furthermore, the stable and continuous vectors are formed with the increasing of the number of layers.

Silica particles coated with PA12 by emulsion polymerization were used as fillers to reinforce PA12 based composites prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS). The influences of the treated and untreated particles on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of the laser sintered specimens were investigated. It was found that there were many uneven holes in the untreated composites. However, for the treated composites, due to the silica particle surfaces treated by emulsion polymerization, the absorbance of laser was improved and the particles dispersed well in the polymer matrix; a full dense structure was obtained and the properties were enhanced, such as the tend strength increased 30%, the maximum value was 34MPa; the tensile strength increased up to 125%, the maximum value was 44.2 MPa, comparing to the unfilled PA12. Drawing from the results, it can be confirmed that a full dense structure can be obtained and the PA12 matrix was strengthened and toughened when the silica particles were coated with PA12 by emulsion polymerization.

Nylon 12 composite powder with low melting point prepared by the method of solvent settling out as the basis material is modified with basis material added by all kinds of filling. With the ortho-design experiment method, the sintering process of nylon composite powder is optimized for sintering density and mechanical property of prototype parts. On this basis, the effects of the sintering process parameters on the properties of the parts are analyzed. The result shows this method can make nylon composite power with high powder density, precision and mechanical properties.

A multi-component polymer-coated molybdenum powder was chosen for selective laser sintering (SLS). A novel preparing method of polymer-coated molybdenum powder was presented. The effect of the process parameters on the part’s characteristics is investigated. Based on our study for dynamic laser sintering process of polymer-coated molybdenum powder, its laser sintering mechanism was reported as follows: at the early stage of laser sintering, the viscous flow is the major mechanism; during the laser sintering, the melting/solidification is the major mechanism. Furthermore, a model corresponding to the mechanism was discussed schematically, which could be used to explain the material migrating mode during laser sintering process.

Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves with CHA and AFI structures have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from similar reaction mixtures using 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane as silicon source. The XRD analysis indicated that the phase selectivity could follow the sequence of SAPO-34→SAPO-34+ SAPO-5→SAPO-5 →amorphous phase with increasing the amount of the silicon source. The phase selectivity can be explained by the increasing alkalinity of the medium with the 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane concentration.