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Abstract The psychological contract describes a set of individual perceptions concerning the terms of the exchange relationship between individuals and their organizations. While this concept has substantially advanced our knowledge [...]

This paper presents information about the influence of cultural differences upon perceptions of the employment relationship between employer and employees.

A study is conducted to examine the consequences of mood in molding behavior in financial markets and in determining performance of participants. The hypothesis with respect to the impact of good, neutral and bad moods on the behavior of traders is derived based on a review of the psychological theories and empirical findings, which relate mood and decision making and information processing is presented.

A study emphasizing the need to look more closely at intra-cultural variation (ICV) and the extent to which it is statistically significant is presented. An analysis of cross-cultural differences shows that Hofstede's work on cross-cultural research, while sensible and logical, fails to take into account variation within cultures. The reasons why ICV have been disregarded are discussed.

ABSTRACTThis study tests the thesis of the “jack-of-all-trades” – whether individuals with a variety of skills are more likely to pursue entrepreneurship – at the early stage of venture formation. We also investigate if entrepreneurial passion would heighten the effect of a variety of skills to make would-be entrepreneurs keener to pursue the startup process and form new venture teams. Taking advantage of a 10-month entrepreneurship training project, we tested our propositions with a longitudinal sample of 215 participating waged employees. The findings show that skill variety positively influenced participants to form teams for new venturing in the program, and such effect was stronger among passionate individuals. Implications of the findings for human capital theory and entrepreneurial practice are discussed.

This paper explores the relationship between national culture and individuals’ psychological contracts. Predicted relationships were drawn from prior theory that identified cognitive and motivational mechanisms through which culture manifests its influence. The dominant forms of psychological contracts were evaluated against predictions based on the national-level cultural values of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism in four countries. Results of interviews with 57 participants indicated that French interviewees (vertical individualist) described their psychological contracts as primarily exploitive, Canadians (horizontal individualist) as primarily instrumental, Chinese (vertical collectivist) as primarily custodial and Norwegians (horizontal collectivist) as primarily communitarian. Exploration of the conditions under which patterns deviated from those predicted by the theory indicates potential areas for future theoretical development.

Intra-cultural variation (ICV)—dispersion of individuals within a culture—is not often the focus of international management compared to the cultural mean. However, researchers in international management and multi-level modeling have acknowledged the theoretical uniqueness of ICV, and have pled for its use in theory building and empirical testing. Responding to such a call, this paper explains at the societal level the theoretical importance of ICV of job autonomy. It also demonstrates, using secondary data from 42 countries, that the ICV of job autonomy influences organizational and social outcomes beyond the cultural mean of job autonomy. Specifically, the cultural mean and ICV of job autonomy exert different effects on job satisfaction and life satisfaction. The effect of the cultural mean is positive and that of the ICV is negative. Moreover, the effect of the ICV is independent of and similar in magnitude to that of the cultural mean. Research implications for international management and multi-level research are discussed.

Survey data from 38 families consisting of both parents and at least one biological offspring provided no support for the belief that lactose tolerance resulted from having at least one dominant gene on an autosomal gene pair and did not support the belief that Caucasians are more frequently tolerant of lactose than are persons of Oriental or of mixed Caucasian-Oriental ancestry.

Historically there has been a significant perception gap between the actual services being offered by the accountant and their perceived value by the client. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lesion of the bladder that looks like carcinoma is most likely carcinoma but benign conditions, such as amyloidosis, should be borne in mind in the differential diagnosis. Transurethral resection was adequate treatment for our patient as well as those reported previously. We agree with others that followup is mandatory.