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The objective of this study is to examine the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of acid green (AG) 16 dye dissolved in polar liquids, including methanol, ethanol, DMF, and DMSO. The study employed a Z–scan instrument using a low power laser as the excitation source, operating at a wavelength of 650 nm with a power output of 5 mW. The closed-aperture (CA) and open-aperture (OA) Z–scan experiments were applied to estimate the nonlinear indices of refraction (n2) and nonlinear coefficient of absorption (β) of AG 16 dye in polar liquids. AG 16 dye demonstrates both saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption in the OA Z–scan results, due to negative and positive NLO absorption coefficients. The dye sample proves a self-defocusing NLO refractive index while operating under low-power conditions. The third-order NLO susceptibility (χ3) of AG 16 dye in various polar liquids are calculated to be the order of 10–6esu. The solvent spectral parameters effect on χ(3)of AG 16 dye is studied by multi-parameter scale. The results provide a significant insight into the properties of AG 16 dye, suggesting a potential material for future NLO applications.

The aim of this study was to construct a magnetized detachable catalyst (MDC) of Ag-decorated Fe3O4nanocomposites and evaluate their antibacterial efficacy and photocatalytic capabilities. The results showed that the Ag-decorated Fe3O4nanocomposites displayed exceptional antibacterial efficacy towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa and high photocatalytic capabilities towards organic hue inhibition. The kinetics investigation revealed that the Ag@ Fe3O4nanocomposites eradicated 99.9% of Rhodamine B at a rate variable of 1.89 min−1. The magnetically detachable catalyst was found to be reusable without affecting the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. These findings suggest that the Ag@Fe3O4nanocomposites have promising applications in wastewater treatment and biomedical research.

2-Fluoro-N,N-diphenylbenzamide (2FNNDPBA), a natural nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal, was incorporated from diphenylamine utilizing 2-fluoro benzoyl chloride as a side chain. The single crystals were successfully developed by a slothful evaporation arrangement approach utilizing ethyl acetate as a dissolvable solvent at room temperature. The synthesized compound fragmented ion peak (m/z= 291) was affirmed by gas-chromatographic mass spectrometry investigation. The unit cell dimensions were assessed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which reveals that the crystals possess the orthorhombic system with space group Pbca. The existence of proton and carbon in a compound was affirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The functional groups therein of 2FNNDPBA have been identified from FT-IR and FT-Raman studies and amide carbonyl stretching frequency peak appeared at 1,662 cm−1. The lower cut-off wavelength of 2FNNDPBA is found to be 240 nm and the experimental and theoretical optical band gap was calculated as 3.21 and 3.1083 eV. The UV-Visible spectrum of 2FNNDPBA shows two high-flying peaks at 240 and 273 nm. Major weight losses were observed between 160°C and 275°C for the designated compound. The thermal property for 2FNNDPBA was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis investigation, which shows immense thermal strength up to 171°C. Density functional theory method with Gaussian 09 software for theoretical investigations of 2FNNDPBA for Mulliken charge analysis, highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest-lying unoccupied molecular orbital, and molecular electrostatic potential properties has been analyzed. The SHG productivity was proved by Kurtz-Perry powder strategy and has an efficiency 2.22 times that of standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The laser damage threshold of 2FNNDPBA crystals was discovered to be 1.18 GW·cm−2. The hyperpolarizability simulations further show that the current material has an excellent NLO activity tendency. The melting point of the developed crystal is 158°C.

Through an effortless two steps attempt and covalent conjugate ultrasonically bio coupled 2D/3D nanocrystal employing urea as a g-C3N4precursor, cost-effective and accessible g-C3N4@SnO2photo catalysts have been constructed. For its developed photo catalysts that act as the influence of g-C3N4@SnO2was examined into the inspection of Adsorbents was done by using XRD, SEM/EDS, TEM, HR-TEM, and BET isotherm testing techniques, which additionally demonstrated that SnO2and g-C3N4are strongly bonded. methyl orange colorants for textiles are present in the synthetic effluent being treated. Thus, the photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4@SnO2composite was improved compared to SnO2and g-C3N4by promoting the separation of photogenic electrons from holes and facilitating the generation of ·O2−and h+. The g-C3N4@SnO2catalysts had the highest speed consistency 1.524min−1for the breakdown of MO, which was substantially 32 times faster. In five reprocessing attempts, photo catalysts also had shown remarkable robustness and endurance. Furthermore, a mechanism for the photocatalytic decomposition of pollutants on g-C3N4@SnO2was additionally described.

In recent years, there have been significant efforts made by materials science researchers to search for new phase-change materials, especially those possessing the caliber of influencing switchable phase changes, i.e., crystal–crystal and crystal–amorphous changes. Phase-change materials of such kind have attracted tremendous demand for technologically important applications, such as current resistive memories and thermal energy storage. In the present article, the switchable amorphous–glassy–crystalline–amorphous phase transitions occurring in the samples of lithium sulfate have been systematically experimented and demonstrated at dynamic shock wave-loaded conditions of various counts of shock pulses. The shocked samples have been evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The shock wave-induced orientational order–disorder of the SO4tetrahedron and the positional disorders of the lithium atoms led to the observed switchable phase transitions with respect to the number of shock pulses.

Overexpression of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) was already associated with the loss of p53 function as cancer progresses in lung, breast, and cervical cancers. Cancer biomarker detection has faced challenges and barriers due to various limitations, including a high limit of detection, low sensitivity, time-consuming techniques, and expensive equipment. Hence, the present investigation is designed to develop a cost-effective novel biosensor based on a charge-based affinity bait molecule to detect the PDGFR, thus overcoming the limitations and challenges with an immune technique based on antigen–antibody interactions. We employed EDC–NHS coupling between poly (diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) and poly(acrylic acid) to attach the multiwall carbon nanotube surface. As a result, we performed electrochemical PDGFR conversion sensing with a dynamic range of 1–10,000 ng/mL and a detection limit of 1.5 pg/mL, which is comparable to the best current results. The biosensor also displayed good selectivity, 2.51% repeatability (RSD, n= 5), and 30 days of stability. Our study provides a pathway for the design of diagnostic interfaces in biosystems, as well as the emergence of new sensor types based on ligand–receptor interactions.

This study explores the potential of the natural and cost-effective method of wound healing using Alternanthera sessilisby an in vitrostudy (using fibroblast L929 cells). Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureusshows a zone of inhibition of 20 mm at 60 µg concentration in the antibiogram profile against the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) wetted in fabrics synthesized from the Amaranthaceae family. Through characterization studies of the AS-ZnONPs, it was found that UV–visible spectra show a peak in the range of 350–460 nm, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra show a correlation peak in the range of 340–4,500 cm−1, scanning electron microscope with electron diffraction analysis results in a peak in the range of 7.8–9.4, and high-resolution transmission electron microscope, which exposes the morphological character (diamond shape in a black and white background), shows a peak at 200 nm. This work shows that the leaf extract of A. sessilismight support the ancient method of wound healing.

In the present framework, a series of shock-wave impact studies have been conducted and demonstrated showcasing the structural stability of an l-threonine crystal and subjecting it to different numbers of shock pulses, i.e., one to eight pulses. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy have been employed for the crystal to monitor the structural and surface morphological properties at shocked conditions. Surprisingly, the test sample undergoes a few phase transitions with respect to the number of shock pulses such that the transition takes place from P212121to P21at the 3rd shock. Dramatically, P21undergoes complete transition of amorphization at the 5th shock, and more interestingly, P21reappears at the 6th shocked condition. The phase transition of P21to P212121is observed at the 8th shocked condition. In addition to that, the occurred surface morphological changes have been analyzed by the scanning electron microscopic technique, and we have found significant morphological changes with respect to the number of shock pulses. To the best of our knowledge, the above-mentioned phase transitions of three different types have never been observed and reported for l-threonine at shocked conditions. These findings indicate that even mild shock waves are sufficient to enforce amorphization and surface defects on the test crystal.

To date, even though a large number of shock wave-induced irreversible crystal–crystal phase transitions have been reported over the past few decades, switchable phase transitions of solid-state materials by dynamic shock waves remain quite unknown. Also, attainment of switchable phase transitions is a somewhat difficult task as compared to the irreversible phase transitions. Hence, experiments on switchable phase transitions arising out of materials and the related publications are always considered to be valuable assets for materials researchers so as to gain an enhanced understanding of the behavior of materials and their probable applications. Moreover, materials of switchable phase transitions have an enormous number of spectacular industrial applications. In the present framework, we have presented and demonstrated the switchable phase transition of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O) at shocked conditions, and the switching behavior has been screened by diffraction, vibrational spectroscopic, and optical spectroscopic techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and ultraviolet–diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–DRS)analyses, respectively. All the observed results clearly reveal that the switchable phase transition is achieved at dynamic shock wave-loaded conditions. The interesting aspects of the present experimental results with respect to the number of shock pulses are discussed in the upcoming sections.

•The novel Schiff base (E)-N-(2((4-chlorobenzylidine)amino)ethyl)napthalen-1-amine were synthesized and characterized.•Detailed vibrational analysis was discussed.•Photoluminescence properties like UV and Fluorescence were analysed.•The active sites and interaction were determined using ELF, LOL, and RDG.•The antimicrobial activity and molecular docking also carried out.

It has been a fascinating journey for the researchers to explore and understand the phase-transition behavior of materials under shock-wave-loaded condition as it has attained the status of being one of the prominent research topics in recent years due to its technological predominance so that it is imperative to understand the behavior of materials under high pressure and temperature. For the present investigation, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are preferred over the other materials for shock wave impact study because MWCNTs are one of the most important as well as technologically interesting materials. However, despite many attempts over the years, the study of phase transition of materials under high-pressure and -temperature conditions continues to be a challenging task and its implications with respect to the applications to date have emerged as an ongoing debatable area. In this line, we have succeeded in tracking the phase-transition behavior of MWCNTs from amorphous-to-crystalline transition (ACT) influenced by the dynamic impact of shock waves with which experimental analyses have been performed and the details are presented. The data obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) reveal the formation of crystalline CNTs at 300 shock pulse-loaded condition. Due to the growing demand of industrial requirements for crystalline CNTs in energy storage applications, the samples have been subjected to the investigation of their electrochemical charge storage performances so as to ensure their utilization. Interestingly, the shock-loaded samples show substantial improvement in the electrochemical properties such that the maximum value of specific capacitance for the control 150 and 300 shocks-loaded CNTs are found to be 196, 215, and 294 F g–1, respectively.

An efficient and environmentally benign synthesis of a new class of acridinedione embedded spirooxindolo/acenaphthenothiopyrrolizidines and spirooxindolo/acenathenoindolizidines has been synthesized in good to excellent yields employing ionic liquid accelerated one-pot [3 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy. The pre-requisite starting substrates, O-acryloyl acridinediones were prepared from dimedone in three good yielding steps, while the 1,3-dipole was derived in situfrom isatin/acenaphthenequinone and thiazolidine-4-carboxylc acid/l-pipecolinic acid via decarboxylative condensation. The cycloadduct possesses three stereogenic carbons, one of which is a spiro carbon through the formation of two C–C and one C–N bonds in one-pot synthetic transformation. Geometrical parameters of the synthesized compounds were calculated using the B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) level of theory. The activity of these molecules was evaluated against main protease of COVID-19 to screen them for their inhibitor efficiency. In order to get a broad understanding of the interactions of these synthesized ligands, a detailed molecular docking analysis was performed. Molecular docking analysis shows that compound 8bhas the highest binding affinity toward the protein. The compound can be a potential candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.

The current research focuses on the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis from the Cassia alataaqueous leaf extract. Various production parameters like pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10), metal ion concentration (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM), and substrate (leaf extract) concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mL) were optimized. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to identify the production by scanning the wavelength from 200 to 800 nm. Visual color change from light green to brown was designated as prior confirmation of the AgNP production. Physical characterization of AgNPs was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the obtained AgNPs show significant antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonassp. Klebsiellasp., Proteussp., and Enterobactersp. The antioxidant potential was determined by α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl assay and cytotoxicity by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction assay on human lung cancer cell lines (A549). AgNPs confirmed potent antibacterial activity against skin infections, demonstrating their medicinal significance and are therefore crucial for creating a medicinal formulation with antibacterial properties.

A feasible alternative to classic chemical synthesis, the phyto-mediated production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing aqueous flower petal extract of Cassia alataas a reducing agent is reported for the first time. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out using various techniques viz., ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results of the FTIR research conducted in this study show different bond stretches with varying durations, which can be seen at various faraway points. AgNPs are mainly spherical and vary in size from 20 to 100 nm, according to TEM images. The highest X-ray energy surge, at 3 keV, is visible in the EDX spectrum. The XRD pattern showed that four diffraction peaks could be assigned to the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of the face-centered cubic crystalline silver, respectively, at 32.05, 46.27, 55.25, and 57.39°. Optimization of production parameters including pH, metal ion concentration, and substrate concentrations were studied. In addition, the bioactivity was evaluated against Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Mucorsp. using the agar diffusion method. Furthermore, their antioxidant properties were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power tests. MTT assay was performed using human fibroblast cell line (L929) to determine the cell viability and cytotoxicity through increased metabolism of the tetrazolium salt.

•Electronic properties were analysed using five different solvents.•Electrophilic and nucleophilic attacking sites are confirmed.•The active sites were determined using molecular electrostatic potential, ELF, LOL, ALIE and RDG.•Condensed Fukui function, natural bond orbital (NBO) and NLO property were discussed.•Docking study was done against 7WCL protein.

Lignin is a renewable natural resource that could be derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches. It has generated significant interest as a precursor in synthesizing graphene as anode and cathode material for supercapacitors. In this paper, we report the synthesis of 3D hierarchical Laser Scribed Graphene (LSG) on a flexible polyimide substrate from lignin extracted from empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm for microsupercapacitor applications. The intensity and speed of the laser have been tuned to yield densely compacted oil palm lignin LSG at a laser power of 70% and a speed of 30% (OPL-LSG 7030). OPL-LSG 7030 possessed lower equivalent series resistance of 60.1 Ω and a larger crystalline size of ∼31 nm than the rest of the tested samples. It exhibited exceptional areal capacitance of 30.77 mFcm−2at a current density of 0.08 mAcm−2, an energy density of 0.00176 mWhcm−2and a power density of 0.25 mWcm−2when using a unique neutral PAAS/K2SO4gel electrolyte. It achieved excellent capacitance retention of 88.4% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles and remarkable mechanical stability of 95% after 400 bending cycles. Furthermore, electrochemical studies revealed the redox properties of readily available quinone/ hydroquinone in the oil palm lignin, which could be inherited in graphene electrodes through a feasible and affordable approach for flexible green energy storage applications.

An efficient and highly chemoselective heterogeneous catalyst system for quinoline hydrogenation was developed using unsupported nanoporous palladium (PdNPore). The PdNPore-catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of quinoline proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions (low H2pressure and temperature) to yield 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines (py-THQs) in satisfactory to excellent yields. Various synthetically useful functional groups, such as halogen, hydroxyl, formyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and aminocarbonyl groups, remained intact during the quinoline hydrogenation. No palladium was leached from PdNPore during the hydrogenation reaction. Moreover, the catalyst was easily recovered and reused without any loss of catalytic activity. The results of kinetic, deuterium-hydrogen exchange, and deuterium-labeling experiments indicated that the present hydrogenation involves heterolytic H2splitting on the surface of the catalyst.

Structurally diverse fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrids were synthesized to get excellent yields via a tandem multi-component reaction sequence employing an environmentally benign solid state melt reaction involving [3+2]-cycloaddition process followed by two consecutive annulation steps. Baylis–Hillman products, used as dipolarophiles, were synthesized from various substituted aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes in the presence of DABCO and methyl acrylate, while the 1,3-dipole component was derived in situfrom indoline-2,3-dione and acyclic/cyclic amino acid viz N-methylgylcine/l-proline. The structure of the unusual tandem products was unambiguously assigned by spectroscopic and XRD analysis. The products arose through the formation of three new rings, five new bonds, and three adjoining stereocenters with complete diastereomeric control.

Everything around us is made up of atoms and molecules. The properties of quantum atoms are sought to understand the behavior of a particular object. But with the advent of research, it was discovered that there is a quantity smaller than the molecular size. The nanoscale measures a fraction of a billionth of a meter. The atom of an object measures 0.1 nm. Since atoms are the building blocks of matter, at the nanoscale one can combine these atoms to create new materials. The proposed model displays the properties of these nano-scale elements in modern medical applications. The nano-scale research of matter is fascinating because it is the basic phase in which atoms are held together. Therefore, by manipulating material at this level, one can create many different types of objects. This proposed model calculates the operation requirements and expects the results. Based on the operational requirements, the proposed model provides the suggestions. This will be helpful for the medical researchers to identify the proper medical treatments based on the microbiological requirements.

An approach has been developed for the practical synthesis of two different, structurally robust, pseudoenantiomeric amino Tf‐amido organocatalysts with a cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine structure. These pseudoenantiomeric organocatalysts, which are very useful for the practical synthesis of both enantiomeric aldol products, are easily prepared from commercially available cis‐4‐cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid in a four‐step sequence. The Diels–Alder strategy of 2‐alkyl‐1,3‐butadiene and maleic anhydride would provide a general approach to the facile synthesis of various pseudoenantiomeric organocatalysts. Both enantiomeric aldolsare readily obtainable by using two different, structurally robust, pseudoenantiomeric organocatalysts with cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine structure, which are easily prepared from commercially available cis‐4‐cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid in a four‐step sequence. The Diels–Alder strategy of 2‐alkyl‐1,3‐butadiene and maleic anhydride could provide a general approach to the facile synthesis of various pseudoenantiomeric organocatalysts.

A straightforward, highly chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was developed using unsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) as a heterogeneous catalyst with bio‐renewable formic acid (HCO2H) as hydrogen source. Various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes were reduced to their corresponding allylic alcohols in good to high chemical yields with excellent selectivity. AuNPore offers several attractive features as a catalyst, such as high activity and selectivity, easy recyclability, and no leaching. Please show some support: A straightforward, highly chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was developed using unsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) as a heterogeneous catalyst and bio‐renewable formic acid (HCO2H) as a hydrogen source.

•The compound was synthesized with reaction of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and ethylenediamine.•Solvation study was done with DLPNO-CCSD(T) coupled cluster using water as the solvent.•The active sites and interaction were determined using molecular electrostatic potential, ELF, LOL, and RDG.•Electronic properties were analysed by UV-Visible spectrum and frontier molecular orbital analysis.•Compound is a good optical material.

Porous graphene infused with mixed valency metal oxide as a supercapacitor material has received much attention. However, the existing approach to directly infusing mixed valency metal oxide such as Mn3O4on graphene electrodes results in poor electrochemical performance. We report the facile fabrication of oil palm lignin derived laser scribed graphene with sol-gel hydrothermal grown nano-octahedral shaped Mn3O4nanoparticles to boost the electrochemical performance of the flexible hybrid microsupercapacitor. The newly formed Mn3O4nanoparticles (Mn3O4NPs) were octahedral shaped and 15 to 30 nm in size, without any agglomeration and detrimental effect on the porosity of the laser scribed lignin-graphene. Further, the addition of Mn3O4NPs grown for 3 h increased the specific surface area of the lignin-graphene by 66 %, which improved the microsupercapacitor's areal capacitance by five times to 136.19 mFcm−2at 0.08 mAcm−2measured in PAAS/K2SO4gel electrolyte. The resulting highly stable and pliable microsupercapacitor retained 93.4 of its initial capacitances over 5000 charge-discharge cycles at 0.5 mAcm−2and 97 % over 400 bending cycles at 50 mVs−1, respectively. The direct synthesis of Mn3O4on IDE-patterned lignin-derived LSG electrodes presents new possibilities in energy storage applications.

A series of novel ethyl 1-(2-(4-(2-amino-5-(ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) piperazin-1-yl) ethyl)-2-(2-(substituted) pyridin-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate analogues were synthesized and screened as p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. The 4-chlorophenoxy substitution in the 2nd position of the pyridyl moiety (5i) gave effective inhibition of p38 with IC50 17μM. Moreover, the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives possess a significant antiproliferative activity against blood-leukemia (CCRF-CEM), colon (HCT-116) and breast (MDA-MB-468) cancer cell lines. Based on the report, we discussed structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of synthesized benzimidazole derivatives. Molecular modelling performed for the identification of most active compounds by using three dimensional crystal structures of MAPK p38, provide a disclosed binding template of these inhibitors in the active site of their respective enzyme.

An efficient method was developed for the synthesis of 1-naphthols through NaOtBu-promoted SNAr reaction of ortho-haloacetophenones followed by Lewis acid CuI-catalyzed intramolecular condensation and isomerization. 1-Naphthol derivatives were obtained in satisfactory yields from aryl bromide and aryl iodide substrates. Put a ring on it: 1-Naphthol derivatives were synthesized through NaOtBu-promoted SNAr reactions of ortho-haloacetophenones followed by CuI-catalyzed intramolecular condensation and isomerization.

A series of macrocyclic bis--lactams has been synthesized in three good yielding steps using a Staudinger [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of ketene derived from phenoxyacetyl chloride as the key step. The reaction provided a diastereomeric mixture of cis-anti-cis (C2-symmetry) and cis-syn-cis (meso) bis--lactam grafted macrocycles which were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against four human pathogenic bacteria and two pathogenic fungi. Compounds 6a and 6b exhibited antibacterial activity at lower concentration against four bacterial pathogens and compounds 10b and 12a showed antifungal activity against two fungal pathogens when compared to reference control.

The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate diazapentacyclic analogs for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The pentacyclic analogs were synthesized by one-pot three-component domino reactions in a microwave synthesizer. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good AChE inhibitory activity, compound 5i showed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 1.12±0.01 μM and this may provide a new lead for developing potential inhibitors for Alzheimers disease.

Spiroheterocyclic ring systems are attractive synthetic targets due to their interesting conformational features and their structural implications on their activity in biological systems. Consequently, a vast deal of research by synthetic organic as well as medicinal chemists pertains to the synthesis of these heterocycles employing diverse synthetic methodologies. Among them, one-pot multicomponent 1,3-cycloaddition reactions have emerged as preferred synthetic protocol in view of their convergence, atom economy, ecofriendliness, flexibility and facile automation. This review article focuses on the assembly of mono-, di- and multispiro heterocyclic hybrids via aforesaid synthetic methodologies with a variety of dipolarophiles.

The aim of this work was to synthesize a series of compounds to study their antimycobacterial potential. Eight compounds were found to be most active with minimum inhibitory concentration of less than 6M and were more active than Isoniazid (INH) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB). Compounds with electron withdrawing group substituted on the aryl ring were showing better activity. Among the fifteen newly synthesized compounds, compound 6- methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,3,4tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (B) was found to be the most active agent against MTB and INH resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (INHR-MTB) with minimum inhibitory concentration of <0.35 M.

Mix'em all together: A straightforward, highly chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was developed using unsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) as a heterogeneous catalyst with bio‐renewable formic acid (HCO2H) as hydrogen source. Various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes were reduced to their corresponding allylic alcohols in good to high chemical yields with excellent selectivity. AuNPore offers several attractive features as a catalyst, such as high activity and selectivity, easy recyclability, and no leaching. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Xiujuan Feng, Ming Bao and co‐workers on page 867 in Issue 7, 2017(DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700130).

Derivative (IVg) is found to be the most potent inhibitor of acetyl cholinesterase with an IC50of 0.11 μmol/L.

A facile synthesis of novel β‐lactam substituted spiropyrrolidines and ‐pyrrolizidines is described.

The synthesis of the novel β‐lactam fused spiroisoxazolidine tetralone and chromanone ring systems (III) is achieved by intermolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrone (I) with the unusual dipolarophiles (II).

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