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We investigate the effective oxidation state and local environment of yttrium in photochromic YHO thin film structures produced by e-beam evaporation, along with their chemical structure and optical properties. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal the oxidized yttrium hydride thin film sample exhibiting a three-layered structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements manifest that the oxidation state of yttrium is modified, dependent on the film’s composition/depth. Furthermore, Ion beam analysis confirms that this variability is associated with a composition gradient within the film. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Y K-edge reveals that the effective oxidation state of yttrium is approximately +2.5 in the transparent/bleached state of YHO. Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigations showed a complex non-linear optical depth profile of the related sample confirming the dominant phase of YHO and the presence of Y2O3and Y towards the middle of the film. The first evidence of (n; k) dispersion curves for e-beam sputtered photochromic YHO thin films are reported for transparent and dark states.

Nowadays, the level of invoice traffic between companies has reached enormous levels. Invoices are crucial financial documents for companies, and they need to extract this information from these documents to access and control them quickly when necessary. While electronic invoices can be easily transferred to the company’s ERP system with the help of integrators, information from printed invoices must be entered into the ERP system. Information entry is generally performed manually by company employees, so the probability of error is high. The automatic recognition of information in printed invoices will reduce the possibility of error. It will also save time and money by reducing workforce requirements. This study proposes a deep learning-based solution for detecting fields in image invoices that are in high demand among businesses. The system offers an end-to-end solution, which includes a novel method for generating synthetic invoices and automatic labeling. Three invoice templates were used to evaluate the usability of the system and an adaptive fine-tuning-based solution is proposed for newly coming invoice templates. Furthermore, 6 different object detection models were compared to find the most suitable one for our problem. The system was also tested with 1022 real invoice images that were manually labeled to test real-world usage. The results indicated that the fine-tuned model achieved an accuracy that was 8.4% higher than the baseline models. In tests performed on CPU, TOOD and Cascade-RCNN models were the most successful algorithms, while YOLOv5 was the fastest running algorithm. Depending on the priority of the needs, both algorithms can be preferred for real-time usage in the detection of invoice fields. The synthetic invoice generation code is available at https://github.com/SCU-CENG/Invoice-Generation.

GitHub is the most common code hosting and repository service for open-source software (OSS) projects. Thanks to the great variety of features, researchers benefit from GitHub to solve a wide range of OSS development challenges. In this context, the authors thought that was important to conduct a literature review on studies that used GitHub data. To reach these studies, they conducted this literature review based on a GitHub dataset source study instead of a keyword-based search in digital libraries. Since GHTorrent is the most widely known GitHub dataset according to the literature, they considered the studies that cite this dataset for the systematic literature review. In this study, they reviewed the selected 172 studies according to some criteria that used the dataset as a data source. They classified them within the scope of OSS development challenges thanks to the information they extract from the metadata of studies. They put forward some issues about the dataset and they offered the focused and attention-grabbing fields and open challenges that we encourage the researchers to study on them.

The mass energy absorption coefficient ($$\mu _{\mathrm{en}}/\rho$$ μen/ρ ), effective atomic number ($$Z_{\mathrm{PEA}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ ZPEAeff ), and electron density ($$N_{\mathrm{PEA}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ NPEAeff ) of some biomolecules with potential application in radiation dosimetry were calculated for their photon energy absorption (PEA) in the energy region of 1–20 MeV. It was noticed that the values of $$\mu _{\mathrm{en}}/\rho$$ μen/ρ , $$Z_{\mathrm{PEA}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ ZPEAeff , and $$N_{\mathrm{PEA}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ NPEAeff vary with the energy and composition of the biomolecules. The results for $$Z_{\mathrm{PEA}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ ZPEAeff were compared with effective atomic numbers ($$Z_{\mathrm{PI}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ ZPIeff ) owing to the photon interaction (PI). Significant differences were noted between $$Z_{\mathrm{PEA}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ ZPEAeff and $$Z_{\mathrm{PI}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ ZPIeff in the energy region of 10–150 keV for all of the biomolecules involved. A maximum difference of 45.36% was observed at 50 keV for creatinine hydrochloride. Moreover, the studied attenuation parameters were found to be sharply affected at the K-absorption edge of relatively high-Zelements present in the biomolecules.

Mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, effective electron densities and Kerma relative to air for adipose, muscle and bone tissues have been investigated in the photon energy region from 20 keV up to 50 MeV with Geant4 simulation package and theoretical calculations. Based on Geant4 results of the mass attenuation coefficients, the effective atomic numbers for the tissue models have been calculated. The calculation results have been compared with the values of the Auto-$$Z_{\text {eff}}$$ Zeff program and with other studies available in the literature. Moreover, Kerma of studied tissues relative to air has been determined and found to be dependent on the absorption edges of the tissue constituent elements.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a laminectomy on the adjacent ligamentum flavum (LF) by measuring LF thickness using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) expresses the structural and neuromuscular disorder of soft palate and pharyngeal walls inhibiting the normal functions of velopharyngeal (VP) sphincter mechanism. In this study, efficacy of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of VPI is investigated.

Background: Among patients with increased bronchial artery diameter there is a significant association between hemoptysis and bronchiectasis score. The higher score of bronchiectasis, the higher risk of hemoptysis development.Purpose: To investigate the association of stages of bronchiectasis based on a computed tomography (CT) grading system, with bronchial artery diameter and hemoptysis in patients with bronchiectasis.Material and Methods: Patients with lung pathologies other than bronchiectasis, which may cause hemoptysis, were excluded from the study. One hundred and forty-five patients who underwent contrast-enhanced thorax CT by a 64-detector CT for various indications, and who were diagnosed with bronchiectasis, were evaluated retrospectively. CT examinations were carried out by two radiologists with 9 and 4 years of experience with chest radiology, respectively. The diameters of the right and left bronchial arteries were measured 1 cm from the aortic origin and perpendicular to the vessel axis. Cases were assessed based on the Bhalla CT scoring system. The hemoptysis history of every patient was taken.Results: The diameters of the right and left bronchial arteries were significantly greater in patients with scores of 2 and 3 bronchiectasis than in patients with a score of 1. This was significantly greater in patients with a score of 3 than in patients with a score of 2 (P < 0.05). In patients with a score of 1, the right bronchial artery diameter was significantly greater than that of the left bronchial artery (P < 0.05). Right bronchial artery diameters were significantly greater than left bronchial artery diameters in score 3 patients (P < 0.05). A significant association was observed between hemoptysis and bronchiectasis in patients with increased bronchial artery diameter (P < 0.05).Conclusion: In patients with bronchiectasis, as the stage of bronchiectasis increases, the bronchial artery diameters and the risk of hemoptysis increase. We think that in patients who are diagnosed with bronchiectasis via multidetector CT (MDCT), based on scoring with bronchial artery diameters, the risk of hemoptysis can be estimated, and early management plans can be implemented.

We present a case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the ethmoidal sinus in an 11-year-old boy. This condition is of interest to the otorhinolaryngologist because of the difficulty of differential diagnosis and treatment. This tumorlike growth was not restricted to the right ethmoidal sinus, but also compressed the orbit and the globe. Endoscopic and transnasal removal of the mass with a drill was performed under general anesthesia. No residual tumor was observed 6 months later.

No abstract.