Search

Here in, we study the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical and thermoelectric properties of As based Ba3AsX3(X = F, Cl) using the density functional theory. The result show that both materials crystallize into cubic structure. The tolerance factor and octahedral factor indicates that both materials have stable perovskite structure. The obtained optimize lattice constant are 6.12 Å and 6.50 Å for Ba3AsF3and Ba3AsCl3respectively. The phonon dispersion curves show that both materials are dynamically stable. The electronic study reveals that both materials have semiconductor having band gap of 2.27eV and 1.73eV for Ba3AsF3and Ba3AsCl3respectively. Elastic constants are computed and found that both materials are mechanical stable. Furthermore, elastic study presents that both materials are ductile and have anisotropic nature. The optical results show that both materials have excellent optical absorption. It is observed that relaxation time for Ba3AsF3is longer than that of Ba3AsCl3. Thermoelectric properties such as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity electronic thermal conductivity, power factor and figure of merit are calculated for both materials. It is observed that for both materials Seebeck have almost same maximum value of 1.55 × 10−3 V/K at 300K. The electrical conductivity is found to be greater for Ba3AsF3than Ba3AsCl3. The figure of merit ZT value is found 1.53 for Ba3AsF3while 1.23 for Ba3AsCl3at 700K. From obtained results it is concluded that these materials can be an excellent candidate for thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications.

Pakistan's energy sector is facing significant challenges due to flawed contractual arrangements with Independent Power Producers (IPPs). These contracts, dating back to 1994, have led to a spiraling circular debt of Rs2.64 trillion. The incentive structures offered to IPPs, including guarantees indexed to the US dollar, have resulted in high returns for IPPs and a heavier financial burden on the government. Additionally, the government's decision to incorporate inefficient and costly residual fuel oil (RFO) plants has further exacerbated the situation. The current tariff structure, which includes various components and add-ons, has led to prohibitively high electricity tariffs in Pakistan. Immediate action is needed to lower power tariffs for industries, remove cross-subsidies, and increase power consumption to alleviate the burden of capacity payments. [Extracted from the article]

We investigate optical mode tailoring in a semiconductor microcavity with a metal grating on top and a dielectric grating (DG) on the bottom. Strong coupling between microcavity and grating-diffraction modes is explained in the Fano-picture. The Fano resonance shows a weak dependence upon grating height and duty ratio, but is strong upon grating period. The microcavity transmission line shapes are “S” and anti “S”-type for the metal and DGs, respectively. Together with these two types of Fano resonances, the transmission spectra have been tailored into very sharp peaks with FWHM being up to 0.1 nm. We prove that this optical mode tailoring method is quite applicable for other waveguide-grating structures too.