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This study addressed two questions: 1) whether a relatively low dose of n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters (n-3 FAs) administered to healthy volunteers for a prolonged period of time would exert beneficial effects on plasma lipids, platelet function, and thromboxane biosynthesis; and 2) whether a short-term loading treatment (6 wk) with 6 g n-3 FAs/d followed by 12 wk with 3 g/d results in more pronounced effects. After 6 wk treatment a reduction of plasma triglyceride concentration and an accumulation of EPA and DHA in plasma were observed. A longer period of treatment with n-3 FAs was necessary to affect platelet aggregation and thromboxane [A.sub.2] biosynthesis. At 12 and 18 wk, platelet aggregation, thromboxane [A.sub.2] formation, and the excretion of thromboxane metabolites in urine were reduced, particularly in subjects who received 6 g n-3 FAs/d during the initial 6 wk. After treatment ended, triglyceride and thromboxane [A.sub.2] biosynthesis returned to baseline values within 4 wk, whereas platelet aggregation remained impaired for [greater than or equal to]14 wk. The long-lasting impairment in platelet aggregation was accompanied by the retention of n-3 FAs in platelet phospholipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:607-13

This article will explore the extent to which a focus on the ‘local’ can tell us something meaningful about recent developments in the governance of displaced migrants and refugees. Taking a multi-sited approach spanning cases in the south and north of Europe, we consider how the challenge of housing and accommodation in particular, a core sector of migrant reception and integration, can shed light on the ways local and city level approaches may negotiate, and sometimes diverge from, national level policy and rhetoric. While it can be said that despite variation, local authorities are by definition ultimately ‘always subordinate’ (Emilsson, Comparative Migration Studies, 3: 1-17, 2015: 4), they can also show evidence of ‘decoupling’ across geographies of policy delivery (Pope and Meyer, European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology, 3: 280–305, 2016: 290). This article traces how possible local variations in different European cases are patterned by ground-level politics, local strategic networks, and pre-existing economic resources in a manner that is empirically detailed through the study of housing.

In this paper we consider the problem of minimal controllability for a general class of linear spectrally controllable systems. We show that the smallest number of controls that are necessary in order that spectral controllability may hold depends only upon the matrices of the uncontrolled system and that it is equal to the smallest number of outputs necessary for the dual problem of 'spectral observability'; moreover, any spectrally controllable system can be made minimally controllable by acting upon the control matrix only, and any spectrally observable system can be made minimally observable by acting upon the output matrix only. In the sequel this result is explained in the cases of the delayed systems and of some kind of generalized systems.