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Background: Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with increased blood coagulation and platelet activity and may modulate the response to antiplatelet therapies. We aimed to investigate the effects of homocysteine levels on the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor-acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) versus clopidogrel-ASA among patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack who carried CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles. Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of the CHANCE-2 (The Clopidogrel in High-risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events-II) trial. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment with ticagrelorASA or clopidogrel-ASA. We categorized participants into groups with elevated and non-elevated homocysteine levels, based on the median level. The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent stroke within 90-day follow-up. The primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding within 90 days. Results: A total of 2740 participants were randomly assigned to receive ticagrelor-ASA and 2700 to receive clopidogrel-ASA. Use of ticagrelor-ASA was associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke among participants with elevated homocysteine levels (74 [5.3%] v. 119 [8.5%]; hazard ratio [HR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.450.81), but not among those with nonelevated levels (86 [6.4%] v. 87 [6.7%]; HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.71-1.32; p = 0.04 for interaction). When analyzed as a continuous variable, the benefits of ticagrelor-ASA with regard to recurrent stroke increased as homocysteine levels increased (p = 0.04 for interaction). No significant interaction between homocysteine levels and treatment with regard to severe or moderate bleeding was observed (p = 0.7 for interaction). We found a significant interaction between homocysteine levels and therapy with regard to recurrent stroke in females (p = 0.04 for interaction) but not males. Interpretation: In comparison with clopidogrel-ASA, ticagrelor-ASA conferred more benefit to patients with elevated homocysteine levels, particularly to female patients, in this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT04078737, Minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are common disorders with a high rate of subsequent disabling stroke. (1) Several trials have shown the benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy [...]

Background: Body mass index (BMI) may affect the response to platelet P2[Y.sub.12] receptor inhibitors. We aimed to explore whether BMI influenced the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel for secondary prevention of minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) among patients enrolled in the CHANCE-2 (Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel with Aspirin in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events II) trial. Methods: In a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, conducted in China, we randomized patients with minor stroke or TIA who carried the CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele to receive either ticagrelor acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or clopidogrel-ASA. We classified patients into obese (BMI [greater than or equal to] 28) or nonobese (BMI < 28) groups. The primary efficacy outcome was stroke within 90 days, and the primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding within 90 days. Results: Among 6412 patients, 876 were classified as obese and 5536 were classified as nonobese. Compared with clopidogrel-ASA, ticagrelor-ASA was associated with a significantly lower rate of stroke within 90 days among patients with obesity (25 [5.4%] v. 47 [11.3%]; hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30-0.87), but not among those in the nonobese group (166 [6.0%] v. 196 [7.0%]; HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69-1.04) The interaction of treatment and BMI group was significant (p for interaction = 0.04). We did not observe any difference by BMI group in rates of severe or moderate bleeding (9 [0.3%] v. 10 [0.4%] in the non-obese group; 0 [0.0%] v. 1 [0.2%] in the obese group; p for interaction = 0.99). Interpretation: In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA, compared with clopidogrel-ASA, patients with obesity received more clinical benefit from ticagrelor-ASA therapy than those without obesity. Trial registration: Clinical trials.gov, no. NCT04078737., Trials of antithrombotic drugs have established the efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or with ticagrelor and ASA for treating patients with minor ischemic stroke [...]

MerTK PET imaging holds potential as a promising approach for assessing tumor aggressiveness and monitoring treatment response. In this study, we synthesized a series of 18F- and 68Ga-labeled tracers derived from MerTK inhibitors for detection of MerTK expression. Among the synthesized agents, the dimeric compounds [68Ga]10and [68Ga]12demonstrated good in vivoand in vitrostability, high affinities to the MerTK receptor, and good MerTK-targeting specificity. Notably, [68Ga]10exhibited a tumor uptake of 2.6 ± 0.2%ID/g at 1 h p. i. in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, nearly tripling the uptake of its monomeric counterpart [68Ga]3. A similar enhancement was observed with [68Ga]12compared to its monomeric analog [68Ga]6. Additionally, [18F]14achieved a tumor uptake of 7.6 ± 0.5%ID/g at 2 h p. i., outperforming the previously reported [18F]15. Biodistribution analysis further validated the results, highlighting their potential for clinical investigation.

Uncertainty exists about whether lowering systolic blood pressure to less than 120 mm Hg is superior to that of less than 140 mm Hg, particularly in patients with diabetes and patients with previous stroke.

AbstractObjective:Head-up tilt test (HUTT) is an important tool in the diagnosis of pediatric vasovagal syncope. This research will explore the relationship between syncopal symptoms and HUTT modes in pediatric vasovagal syncope.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 2513 children aged 3–18 years, who were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope, from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2021 due to unexplained syncope or pre-syncope. The average age was 11.76 ± 2.83 years, including 1124 males and 1389 females. The patients were divided into the basic head-up tilt test (BHUT) group (596 patients) and the sublingual nitroglycerine head-up tilt test (SNHUT) group (1917 patients) according to the mode of positive HUTT at the time of confirmed pediatric vasovagal syncope.Results:(1) Baseline characteristics: Age, height, weight, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and composition ratio of syncope at baseline status were higher in the BHUT group than in the SNHUT group (all P< 0.05). (2) Univariate analysis: Age, height, weight, HR, SBP, DBP, and syncope were potential risk factors for BHUT positive (all P< 0.05). (3) Multivariate analysis: syncope was an independent risk factor for BHUT positive, with a probability increase of 121% compared to pre-syncope (P<0.001).Conclusion:The probability of BHUT positivity was significantly higher than SNHUT in pediatric vasovagal syncope with previous syncopal episodes.

•Cisplatin induces platelet pyroptosis via the activation of the caspase-3–GSDME axis.•Loss of GSDME protects mice from cisplatin-induced platelet hyperactivation.

The reaction kinetics and mechanism are prone to affect the properties of the epoxy resins. However, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the curing kinetics presents a challenge, attributed to the multistage exothermic characteristic and the complex viscosity growth regime. This study investigated the kinetics and the rheological characteristics of the curing process of diglycid ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and dimethyldicyane (DMDC) with varying content of xylene. The results indicate that diffusion limitation of the epoxy‐amine system is effectively mitigated with increasing xylene content, which results in a higher curing degree and released energy. Subsequently, the density functional theory method was used to investigate the molecular‐level mechanism underlying the epoxy‐amine curing reaction. The interaction between hydroxyl groups and epoxides lowers the energy barrier during the curing, thus there are autocatalytic kinetic characteristics during process. The curing rate during the reaction‐controlled stage is consistent with the characteristics described by the Kamal model, whereas the Kamal model incorporating the diffusion factor can describe the curing rate across the conversion range. This study comprehensively reveals the impact of diffusion on the curing kinetics of epoxy amine reaction, providing valuable perspectives for practical applications in industrial production.

In this letter, a dual-band transmissive metasurface (MS) with independent amplitude and phase control is proposed. The element is formed by three metal layers separated by two substrates. The top and bottom layers are orthogonal metal gratings, and the middle layer is a patch etched with two double-split ring resonators (DSRRs) and an annular slot. By tuning the geometries and orientations of the outer and inner DSRR, the amplitude and phase in lower and higher bands can be regulated, respectively. The annular slot improves the amplitude of the two bands and eliminates the interference between them. Then, two dual-band transmitarrays with phase-only and amplitude/phase modulation MS are fabricated and measured. The former has aperture efficiencies (AEs) of 48.4%/45.8% at (9.2, 17) GHz with 3 dB gain bandwidth of 13% [(8.4 to 9.6) GHz]/7.2% [(16.2 to 17.4) GHz]. The latter achieves AEs of 29.8%/27.0% at (9.1, 17) GHz with 3 dB gain bandwidth of 17.4% [(8.4 to 10) GHz]/7.2% [(16.2 to 17.4) GHz], as its sidelobe levels are suppressed to −24.8 (−22.5 dB)/−26.2 (−24.9 dB) in xoz- (yoz-) plane.

Integrated sensing, communications and computing (ISCC) system has been emerged as a crucial paradigm for addressing the growing demand of emerging wireless applications that require both ultra-reliable low-latency computing and high-precision sensing. In this paper, we investigate a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-assisted integrated sensing and two-tier task offloading (ISTTO) system in which the multi-functional access point (AP) provides task offloading services for a group of edge computing users via NOMA while performing sensing towards a target. To balance the utilization of the computing resources across different tiers, the AP can further offload part of the received workloads to a group of cloudlet servers. To investigate this problem, we formulate a joint optimization of the AP’s transmit beamforming, the two-tier dedicated sensing signals, the two-tier computation offloading strategies and the associated allocations of the communication and computing resources, with the objective of minimizing the total energy consumption, while guaranteeing the required sensing performance over the total duration. Although the formulated joint optimization problem is strictly non-convex, we identify the features of its solutions and exploit a decomposition-based framework for solving it. Numerical results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and show the performance advantages of our NOMA-assisted ISTTO scheme. Compared with several benchmark schemes, our NOMA-assisted ISTTO scheme achieves better performances in both sensing and task offloading, while suppressing the interference from undesired directions.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with data augmentation obtain promising results among existing solutions for graph classification. Mixup-based augmentation methods for graph classification have already achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, existing mixup-based augmentation methods either operate in the input space and thus face the challenge of balancing efficiency and accuracy, or directly conduct mixup in the latent space without similarity guarantee, thus leading to lacking semantic validity and limited performance. To address these limitations, this paper proposes $\mathcal {G}$G-MixCon, a novel framework leveraging the strengths of Mixup-based augmentation and supervised Contrastive learning (SCL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop an SCL-based approach for learning graph representations. Specifically, the mixup-based strategy within the latent space named $GDA_{gl}$GDAgl and $GDA_{nl}$GDAnl are proposed, which efficiently conduct linear interpolation between views of the node or graph level. Furthermore, we design a dual-objective loss function named SupMixCon that can consider both the consistency among graphs and the distances between the original and augmented graph. SupMixCon can guide the training process for SCL in $\mathcal {G}$G-MixCon while achieving a similarity guarantee. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on various real-world datasets, the results show that $\mathcal {G}$G-MixCon demonstrably enhances performance, achieving an average accuracy increment of 6.24%, and significantly increases the robustness of GNNs against noisy labels.

Multimodal vision-language (VL) learning has noticeably pushed the tendency toward generic intelligence owing to emerging large foundation models. However, tracking, as a fundamental vision problem, surprisingly enjoys less bonus from recent flourishing VL learning. We argue that the reasons are two-fold: the lack of large-scale vision-language annotated videos and ineffective vision-language interaction learning of current works. These nuisances motivate us to design more effective vision-language representation for tracking, meanwhile constructing a large database with language annotation for model learning. Particularly, in this paper, we first propose a general attribute annotation strategy to decorate videos in six popular tracking benchmarks, which contributes a large-scale vision-language tracking database with more than 23,000 videos. We then introduce a novel framework to improve tracking by learning a unified-adaptive VL representation, where the cores are the proposed asymmetric architecture search and modality mixer (ModaMixer). To further improve VL representation, we introduce a contrastive loss to align different modalities. To thoroughly evidence the effectiveness of our method, we integrate the proposed framework on three tracking methods with different designs, i.e., the CNN-based SiamCAR (Guo et al. 2020), the Transformer-based OSTrack (Ye et al. 2022), and the hybrid structure TransT (Chen et al. 2021). The experiments demonstrate that our framework can significantly improve all baselines on six benchmarks. Besides empirical results, we theoretically analyze our approach to show its rationality. By revealing the potential of VL representation, we expect the community to divert more attention to VL tracking and hope to open more possibilities for future tracking with diversified multimodal messages.

The emerging multi-access edge computing (MEC) technology effectively enhances the wireless streaming performance of 360-degree videos. By connecting a user's head-mounted device (HMD) to a smart MEC platform, the edge server (ES) can efficiently perform adaptive tile-based video streaming to improve the user's viewing experience. Under constrained wireless channel capacity, the ES can predict the user's field of view (FoV) and transmit to the HMD high-resolution video tiles only within the predicted FoV. In practice, the video streaming performance is challenged by the random FoV prediction error and wireless channel fading effects. For this, we propose in this paper a novel two-stage adaptive 360-degree video streaming scheme that maximizes the user's quality of experience (QoE) to attain stable and high-resolution video playback. Specifically, we divide the video file into groups of pictures (GOPs) of fixed playback interval, where each GOP consists of a number of video frames. At the beginning of each GOP (i.e., the inter-GOP stage), the ES predicts the FoV of the next GOP and allocates an encoding bitrate for transmitting (precaching) the video tiles within the predicted FoV. Then, during the real-time video playback of the current GOP (i.e., the intra-GOP stage), the ES observes the user's true FoV of each frame and transmits the missing tiles to compensate for the FoV prediction errors. To maximize the user's QoE under random variations of FoV and wireless channel, we propose a double-agent deep reinforcement learning framework, where the two agents operate in different time scales to decide the bitrates of inter- and intra-GOP stages, respectively. Experiments based on real-world measurements show that the proposed scheme can effectively mitigate FoV prediction errors and maintain stable QoE performance under different scenarios, achieving over 22.1% higher QoE than some representative benchmark methods.

Purpose: Aromatase plays an important role in ovarian development, the normal progress of the menstrual cycle, and fertility status. Elevated aromatase activity is linked to obesity. There is a bidirectional relationship between obesity and thyroid function. Few studies have investigated the relationship between TSH and ovarian aromatase in obesity. Our aim was to investigate the effect of TSH on aromatase expression of ovarian granulosa cells in obese mice. Methods: Female mice pups were divided into an obesity group and a control group. Obese parameters and the time of pubertal onset were recorded. At the age of 5 weeks, blood and tissues were obtained. Serum aromatase and hormone concentrations were measured using ELISA. The granulosa cells were isolated and exposed to variable concentrations (0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of TSH. The expression of CYP19A1mRNA and protein were assessed via RT-qPCR and western blot. Results: In female mice, body weight, Lee’s obesity index, and serum levels of E2, aromatase, and TSH were significantly higher in the obesity group compared to the control group, whereas the time of pubertal onset and serum T3 and T4 concentrations were significantly lower (all P&lt; 0.001). In granulosa cells, the expression of CYP19A1mRNA in the obesity group was lower than that in the control group at 1 μM and 100 μM concentrations of TSH (both P&lt; 0.001). The expression of CYP19A1protein in the obesity group was higher than that in the control group after TSH stimulation (P= 0.014, P&lt; 0.001, and P= 0.004, respectively). With the increase of TSH concentrations, the expression of CYP19A1mRNA and protein in the two groups significantly increased (all P&lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Early puberty and elevated serum aromatase and TSH levels were found in obese female mice. In the granulosa cells of obese mice, TSH directly regulates aromatase expression in a dose-dependent manner.

Automated robotic systems require reliable docking mechanisms to extend their functional capabilities. In this article, we present a simplified piezoelectric docking mechanism (PDM) inspired by the bolt–nut connector to overcome the limitations of existing docking mechanisms regarding electromagnetic compatibility, size, and complexity. The piezoelectric nut (PN) is a driving component of the PDM that is capable of driving screws by exciting traveling waves. The key dimension of the PN is optimized to increase the output performance by creating dynamical model. Experimental results show that the maximum clamping force of the PDM prototype in the rigid connection state is 3.1 N, and the prototype can work in an environment of 100 °C, 1.8-T magnetic field, and 10−4-Pa pressure. Finally, two simple metal arms are machined to verify the feasibility of potential application of the PDM. This study provides a new idea to develop the rigidly connected docking mechanisms.

This letter presents a novel adaptive power division strategy, which uses two rectifying diodes with nonlinear impedance characteristics that are configured in parallel to function optimally at their individual power levels. Through the strategic adjustment of the input admittance, the conductance of the low-power diode decreases progressively with increasing power, while the conductance of the high-power diode increases correspondingly. This conductance-based power allocation method ensures that the power is rectified consistently by the most appropriate diode, regardless of the power level, and, thus, enables efficient rectification across an extended range. This letter presents a rectifier typology to substantiate the proposed strategy. Experimental results confirm the efficiency of the adaptive power division strategy, with the rectifier showing efficiency in excess of 60% from 5 to 29.5 dBm, giving a power dynamic range of 24.5 dB.

K-Chabazite (K-CHA) zeolites were synthesized with an ultrafast procedure through an eco-friendly and cost-effective “one-pot” method. By solely employing colloidal silica and aluminum hydroxide in the K+/Sr2+system without the assistance of seeds, fluorides or organic structure as directing agents, the K-CHA nano-aggregates were successfully synthesized in a few hours. The crystallization behavior of the gels with different SiO2/Al2O3molar ratios (SARs) was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), 27Al and 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), UV-Raman characterizations. As the nucleation rates were changed with the SARs, three kinds of K-CHA nano-aggregates, namely, hamburger-, disk- and walnut-shaped, were obtained. A possible formation mechanism of the K-CHA nano-aggregates was proposed. Additionally, the walnut-shaped sample with an SAR of 7 possessed the largest pore volume and specific surface area, resulting in the highest methane adsorption capacity. Furthermore, it exhibited a CH4/N2selectivity of more than 3 under relative pressures ranging from 0 to 0.6. This work offers guidance for modifying the stacking modes of other nano-sized zeolites.

A series of low silica X zeolites (LSX) was synthesized through a seed-iteration approach, based on the seed addition strategy, and then loaded with lithium ions by an ion exchanging method to obtain high N2adsorption capacity. These zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2adsorption-desorption, and the adsorption capacity of N2and O2was evaluated by the vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) operation. The results showed that the nucleation period of the synthetic process could be effectively shortened by adding seed; as the seed iterations increased, the specific surface area and pore volume of the zeolites increased; the higher specific surface area and the pore volume, the higher the extent of the N2adsorption capacity, with the maximum reaching 28.05 cm3/g. However, there were no significant differences in the adsorbed capacity of O2by each sample. Therefore, the N2/O2separation factor also increased gradually with iterations, with the maximum up to 6.61.

Three binuclear metal (M=Co, Fe, Mn) xanthine bridged bis-corrole complexes were synthesized and investigated as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). All the prepared metal bis-corrole catalysts exhibited good HER performance when using acetic acid (AcOH), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) as proton sources. The catalytic HER activities followed an order of Co bis-corrole (1)> Fe bis-corrole (2)> Mn bis-corrole (3) and complex 1exhibited a significantly lower overpotential at −270 mV (in TsOH). Furthermore, complex 1may go EECC and EECEC pathways in organic solvents (E: electron transfer step, C: proton coupling) and exhibit an HER activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 85 h−1and a Faraday efficiency of 94% when using water as proton source.

Metal acetylacetonates, a type of readily synthesized or commercially available metal complex, were demonstrated to be robust catalysts for the synthesis of oxazolidinone from CO2and aziridine under condition of atmospheric pressure and mild temperature, exhibiting high chemo- and regio-selectivity. Tetrabutylammonium halides were employed as cocatalysts in the reaction, and it was believed that the reaction activity was influenced by a balance of anions’ two abilities, namely their nucleophilicity in ring-opening of aziridines and their leaving capacity in ring-closing of intermediate carbamate salts to form oxazolidinones. Notably, higher nucleophilicity of these anions resulted in increased formation of dimers, which served as by-products of the reaction. The study of mechanism suggested that there should be an alternative pathway involving CO2derivative acting as a nucleophile during the ring-opening process, and this pathway could not be ignored when conventional nucleophiles, such as tetrabutylammonium halides are absent.

Lithium thionyl chloride (Li–SOCl2) batteries are widely used due to their high energy density and long shelf life. However, the corrosive nature of SOCl2poses a safety hazard, necessitating effective leak detection methods. We report an approach for real-time fluorescent detection of SOCl2leakage in Li–SOCl2batteries using a tetraphenylethene-based nanofilm. The nanofilms were prepared through the interfacial confined self-assembly method and exhibit excellent flexibility, homogeneity, tunable size and thickness, and adaptability to various substrates, enabling easy integration into sensor devices. They possess high photochemical stability and a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 25%, demonstrating their potential as high-performance fluorescent sensing material. The nanofilms also exhibit high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and selectivity toward SOCl2detection. Upon exposure to SOCl2vapor, the nanofilm shows a red-shifted and fluorescence quenching response, attributed to the protonation of the acylhydrazone bond in the nanofilm by the hydrolysis product of SOCl2, which disrupts the electronic structure of the nanofilm and leads to a decrease in the fluorescence intensity and a shift in the emission wavelength. A detection limit of ∼1.31 ppt and excellent repeatability over 300 cycles are demonstrated, highlighting their high sensitivity and reliability. This work paves the way for a highly sensitive and reliable leak detection system for Li–SOCl2batteries, enhancing their safety and reliability in various applications.

The performance of BiOBr in photocatalytic nitrogen (N2) fixation is suboptimal, attributed to the weak chemisorption and activation of N2by surface atoms. In our study, we achieved the formation of two-dimensional (2D) bismuth (Bi) on BiOBr nanosheets through in situ annealing in hydrogen atmosphere and successfully constructed a unique 2D-2D Bi/BiOBr ohmic heterojunction using a one-step method. Notably, the Bi/BiOBr heterojunction was utilized for photocatalytic N2fixation under visible light (λ > 400 nm) in ultrapure water, demonstrating an exceptional N2fixation rate of 376.16 μmol g–1h–1. This rate is 7.7 and 4.1 times higher than those of BiOBr and BiOBr-OVs, respectively. The improved photocatalytic efficiency is attributed to the significantly enhanced N2adsorption capability and more effective separation of photogenerated carriers, both stemming from the distinctive 2D/2D architecture of the Bi/BiOBr heterojunction. This work demonstrates that 2D Bi offers active sites that facilitate photocatalytic N2fixation and introduces an approach to the design and construction of 2D/2D photocatalysts for applications spanning catalysis, optoelectronics, electronics, and beyond.

Escherichia coliO157:H7 (E. coliO157:H7) is a prominent pathogenic bacterium that poses serious risks to food safety and public health. Rapid and accurate detection of live E. coliO157:H7 is of great importance in food quality monitoring and clinical diagnosis. Here, we report a propidium monoazide-assisted nonamplification digital CRISPR/Cas12a assay for sensitive and rapid detection of live E. coliO157:H7. The incorporation of propidium monoazide into the method enables the selective detection of live bacteria by eliminating 98% of interference from the dead bacterial nucleic acid. Implemented on microfluidic digital chips, this method can achieve absolute quantification of nonamplified nucleic acid. The entire detection process of live bacteria can be completed within 120 min without the need for establishing a standard curve, and the sensitivity of the method reaches 1.2 × 103CFU/mL. The method was validated using various samples, yielding results consistent with the plate counting method (Pearson’s r= 0.9490). Consequently, this method holds significant potential for applications in fields requiring live bacterial detection.

Due to their good wearability, smart fabrics have gradually developed into one of the important components of multifunctional flexible electronics. Nevertheless, function integration is typically accomplished through the intricate stacking of diverse modules, which inevitably compromises comfort and elevates processing complexities. The integration of these discrete functional modules into a unified design for smart fabrics represents a superior solution. Here, we put forward a rational approach to functional integration for the typical challenges of thermal management, energy supply, and surface contamination in smart fabrics. This sandwich-structured multilayer fabric (MLF) is obtained by continuous electrospinning of two layer P(VDF-HFP) fabric and one layer P(VDF-HFP) fabric functionalized with core–shell SiO2/ZnO/ZIF-8 (SZZ) nanoparticles. Specifically, MLFs achieve effective and stable energy harvesting in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties. Meanwhile, MLFs also have high mid-infrared emissivity and sunlight reflectivity, successfully realizing radiative cooling under different climates, and have been applied in wearing clothing, roof shading, and car covers. This work may contribute to the design and manufacturing of next-generation thermal comfort smart fabrics and wearable electronics, particularly in terms of the rational design of multifunctional devices.

A nonthermal pretreatment using dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (DBD-CP) was developed to improve the stress resistance of paddy rice during postharvest storage. The physicochemical properties, bioactive characteristics, and secondary metabolites of paddy rice were assessed after applying an optimized DBD-CP procedure, with enzyme activities and gene expression monitored over a 60 day storage period at 35 °C. A 17.06% reduction in the total color change index was noted in the DBD-CP group. Bioactive compounds, particularly gallic acid, were significantly increased, enhancing the defense mechanisms against high-temperature stress. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis indicated an upregulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in DBD-CP-treated rice compared to controls, with notable increases in secondary metabolites such as coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and sinapic acid, suggesting potential biomarkers for stress resistance. Further verification showed significant enhancements in key enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), plant coumaric acid-3-hydroxylase (C3H), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), with increases ranging from 1.71 to 2.28 times. Gene expression levels of OsPAL7, OsC4H4, and OsCAD2aligned with these enzymatic changes post-DBD-CP treatment. In conclusion, DBD-CP treatment can modulate phenylpropanoid metabolism in paddy rice, thereby enhancing bioactive compound levels to reduce stress damage during high-temperature storage.

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), serving as a light-absorbing coenzyme factor, can undergo conformationally isomeric complexation within different enzymes to form various enzyme–coenzyme complexes, which exhibit photocatalytic functions that play a crucial role in physiological processes. Constructing an artificial photofunctional system using FAD or its derivatives can not only develop biocompatible photocatalytic systems with excellent activities but also further enhance our understanding of the role of FAD in biological systems. Here, we demonstrate a supramolecular approach for constructing an artificial enzyme–coenzyme-type host–guest complex with photoinduced catalytic function in water. First, we have designed and synthesized a water-soluble tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based octacationic molecular cage (1) with a large and flexible cavity, which can adaptively encapsulate with two FAD molecules with “U-shaped” conformation (uFAD) to form a 1:2 host–guest complex (1⊃uFAD2) in water. Second, based on the conformationally isomeric complexation of FAD within 1, the 1⊃uFAD2complex facilitates electron and energy transfers to molecular oxygen upon the white-light illumination, efficiently producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O2•–) and singlet oxygen (1O2). To our knowledge, the 1⊃uFAD2complex acts as a photocatalyst to achieve the highest turnover frequency (TOF) of 35.6 min–1for the photocatalytic oxidation reaction of NADH via a photoinduced superoxide radical catalysis mechanism in an aqueous medium. At last, combining the cytotoxic effects of ROS and the disruption of the intracellular redox balance involving NADH, 1⊃uFAD2as a supramolecular photosensitizer displays an excellent oxygen-independent photocatalysis-assisted photodynamic therapy in hypoxic tumors.

Electro- and thermochromic materials have been greatly applied in smart windows and displays due to the excellent properties of color variation and solar radiation. However, the mono color and single response to voltage and temperature hinder their application and development. Here, a multimode dynamic color-changing device (T/ECD) was developed by integrating the electrochromic property of synthetic viologen dyes and the thermochromic properties of hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA). The T/ECD achieves four modes of optical regulation, namely, colorless transparent state, tinted transparent state, colorless opaque state, and tinted opaque state, which can be regulated independently/coordinately using heat and voltage. The optimized T/ECD switched color at 1.2 V with 15 s or adjusted the transparent/opaque state at >34 °C with 46 s. In addition, based on the red viologen (ViO-R), green viologen (ViO-G), and blue viologen (ViO-B) dyes, colorful T/ECDs were successfully designed and fabricated, and T/ECDs have excellent cycling properties, expanding the application requirement. Moreover, we demonstrated their application in smart windows and privacy protection. The design philosophy and successful exploration have great prospects for energy-saving buildings, displays, and information masking/storage systems.

Chlorophylls (Chls) used as the sensitizers in the fabrication of natural dye-sensitized solar cells (NDSSCs) are usually extracted directly using a soaking method. Consequently, they are actually multipigment mixtures. In this study, the Chl mixture-based NDSSC exhibited a low photoconversion efficiency of ∼0.09% and a fill-factor (FF) of 0.55. We, thereby, explored the photophysical mechanisms underlying the various energy transfer (ET) and relaxation processes using a range of spectroscopic techniques, including steady UV–vis absorption, steady and time-resolved fluorescence, and transient absorption (TA) spectra. The spectral bands of steady absorption indicated that the Chl solution extracted directly from spinach contained three groups of pigments: flavonoids, carotenoids, and Chls (Chl a and Chl b). Upon adsorption to mesoporous TiO2, the Chls formed dimers and aggregates, resulting in blue-shifted fluorescence and reduced fluorescence lifetimes. Through comparative analysis of time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) spectra, we identified the ET modes, i.e., carotenoids-Chl a at 375 nm excitation, carotenoids-Chl b at 470 nm excitation in solution, and carotenoids-Chl a aggregate at 375 nm excitation, carotenoids-Chl a/Chl b aggregate at 470 nm excitation in the TiO2film. Additionally, a long fluorescence lifetime of 9.2 ns indicated a minor Chl b-Chl a ET (4%) in a solution of 470 nm excitation. Global fitting analysis of time-resolved TA spectra further supported these ET modes and additionally clarified the reliable excited-state relaxation channels along with the various components. It was determined that the primary ET route of carotenoids to Chl a occurs via the S2, not S* or S1(the first excited dark state of carotenoids), to Qystate of chlorophylls, competing with relaxation to the S1state within a few hundreds of femtoseconds. In conclusion, we outlined the kinetic schemes of two excited-state ET processes between pigments, where both the moderately long-time component (S* state of carotenoids) and the long-time component of 124 ps (Qyof Chls) play crucial roles in an effective excited-state depopulation mechanism, facilitating charge separation and electron transfer in NDSSCs.

Nanocarriers are frequently used for drug delivery due to their large surface area, biocompatibility, and photothermal effects. However, they face the problem of premature drug leakage during drug transport. To address this challenge, we developed near-infrared light (NIR)-responsive hollow magnetic nanocarriers (HMC) by incorporating a chitosan-based molecular valve onto hollow magnetic nanocarriers (CHMC) to enable NIR-triggered drug release. Despite this advancement, this material still encounters the challenge of inadequate targeting. Recognizing the efficacy of magnetically driven micro/nanorobot swarms in remote wireless control, targeted motion, and efficient transport, we merged CHMC with magnetically controlled micro/nanorobot swarms. We evaluated their performance under programmable magnetic fields, which can be precisely controlled in biological fluid and directed toward targeting cells. Additionally, they demonstrated the ability to execute a responsive drug release under NIR irradiation. Ultimately, we confirmed their capacity for targeted delivery, responsive drug release, and photothermal therapy for liver cancer treatment in vivo. This approach heralds new possibilities for responsive drug therapy facilitated by micro/nanorobot swarms, offering promising advancements in medical treatment.

Terpenoids are important secondary metabolites in Rubus. Rubusoside is a relatively specific diterpenoid bioactive component in the leaves of Chinese Sweet Tea (Rubus suavissimus). However, the terpenoid anabolic pathway of Rubusand the molecular mechanism underlying the specific accumulation of rubusoside in R. suavissimusremain unclear. Here, metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed on differences in terpenoid metabolism levels between R. suavissimus(sweet leaves) and Rubus chingii(bitter leaves). Steviol glycosides and goshonosides primarily accumulated in R. suavissimusand R. chingii, respectively. Three pairs of highly homologous glycosyltransferase genes (UGT85A57, UGT75L20, and UGT75T4) associated with rubusoside biosynthesis in the two Rubusspecies were identified. The three pairs of UGT proteins in both species could glycosylate steviol. Thus, the transcriptional regulation of UGTsin R. suavissimusappears to play a pivotal role in rubusoside accumulation. Our findings provide insights into the differences in terpenoid metabolism between R. suavissimusand R. chingiiand reveal the molecular mechanism of rubusoside accumulation in R. suavissimus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity and importance of dynamic hydration rate and ultimate viscosity control of konjac glucomannan (KGM) for long-term antiobesity effects in C57BL/6J mice on high-fat (HF) diets. KGM supplementation effectively attenuated HF-diet-induced increases in body and tissue weights. The hydration rate and viscosity changes of KGM in the digestive tract were found to have marked impacts on antiobesity effects. KGM with medium hydration and viscosity slowed gastric emptying and intestinal transit, leading to prolonged presence in the lower ileum, increased satiety-related hormones (GLP-1 and PYY), and an 18.27% reduction in daily food intake over 10 weeks (p< 0.05). This resulted in the greatest reduction in weight gain among HF-fed mice. In contrast, KGM with faster hydration and higher viscosity provided only short-term satiety due to rapid dilution. Furthermore, KGM improved metabolic health and altered glycolipid metabolism gene transcription while enriching beneficial gut bacteria; however, no significant differences were observed among the KGM groups in these effects. These findings highlight that synchronizing KGM’s hydration rate and viscosity with digestive processes is crucial for regulating satiety and achieving long-term weight loss.

Probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) has been shown to be effective for molecular communications. Reed-Solomon coded PCS (RS-PCS) is one of the promising realizations proposed recently that combines PCS and channel coding through a parallel transmitter structure. However, the current receiver designed for RS-PCS often misdetects the intra-sequence interference (IEI), resulting in a performance gap. To address this shortcoming, we propose two performance-enhanced detectors. The first one combines increase detection algorithm (IDA) and RS-PCS to enhance the accuracy of IEI detection. The second one is the joint maximum-likelihood detection (joint ML) that has the optimal performance in terms of bit error rate (BER), which is derived theoretically. Simulation results verify their better performance than existing RS-PCS schemes.

As a kind of wavefront with helical phase, orbital angular momentum (OAM) shows the great potential to enhance the security results of wireless communications due to its unique orthogonality and central hollow electromagnetic wave structure. Therefore, in this paper we propose the reconfigurable-intelligent-surface (RIS) assisted OAM scheme, where RIS is deployed to weaken the information acquisition at eavesdroppers by adjusting the OAM beams pointed to the eavesdropper and artificial noise (AN) is applied to interfere with the eavesdropper, thus significantly increasing the secrecy rates of short-range secure communications. Aiming at obtaining the maximum secrecy rate, we develop the Riemannian manifold conjugate gradient (RMCG) based alternative optimization (AO) algorithm to assign much power to low-order OAM-modes and optimize the OAM beams direction with the programmable RIS, thus respectively enhancing and weakening the received signal strength at the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the existing works in terms of the secrecy rate and the eavesdropper's bit error rate.

Living-skin detection is an important step for imaging photoplethysmography and biometric anti-spoofing. In this paper, we propose a new approach that exploits spatio-temporal characteristics of structured light patterns projected on the skin surface for living-skin detection. We observed that due to the interactions between laser photons and tissues inside a multi-layer skin structure, the frequency-domain sharpness feature of laser spots on skin and non-skin surfaces exhibits clear difference. Additionally, the subtle physiological motion of living-skin causes laser interference, leading to brightness fluctuations of laser spots projected on the skin surface. Based on these two observations, we designed a new living-skin detection algorithm to distinguish skin from non-skin using spatio-temporal features of structured laser spots. Experiments in the dark chamber and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) demonstrated that the proposed setup and method performed well, achieving a precision of 85.32%, recall of 83.87%, and F1-score of 83.03% averaged over these two scenes. Compared to the approach that only leverages the property of multilayer skin structure, the hybrid approach obtains an averaged improvement of 8.18% in precision, 3.93% in recall, and 8.64% in F1-score. These results validate the efficacy of using frequency domain sharpness and brightness fluctuations to augment the features of living-skin tissues irradiated by structured light, providing a solid basis for structured light based physiological imaging.

ABSTRACTThe article was designed to explore the clinical efficacy of ‘Fast-track Management’ guided by ERAS concept under the multidisciplinary collaboration model for early operation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly. The clinical data of 198 intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly were retrospectively analyzed. According to the diagnosis and treatment mode, they were divided into cooperative group and routine group. The preoperative waiting time, preoperative deep venous thrombosis, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, Harris score, VAS score, intervention effect of eras concept, complication occurrence, and 1-year mortality were made a comparison. There were notable differences in the preoperative waiting time, the number of cases of preoperative deep vein thrombosis and the length of hospital stay between the cooperative group and routine group. The incidence of complications in the cooperative group was 9.38%, which was significantly lower than that in the conventional group, 54.90%. The 1-year mortality rate was clearly lower in the cooperative group than in the routine group. At 1 and 2 weeks after operation, VAS, HAMA and PSQI of the cooperative group were lower, but Harris and Barthel were higher than the routine group. At 1 month after operation, there was no clear difference in VAS and Harris between the cooperative group and routine group. The establishment of ‘Fast-track Management’ based on ERAS concept in the multidisciplinary collaboration model can effectively alleviate the pain of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly, shorten the hospital stay, reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and the mortality within 1 year.

The release control of organic dye pollutants has become a global issue, and improper disposal of red mud(RM) can also cause environmental pollution. In this paper, a novel composite material, RM-SC-HA, was prepared to adsorb MB (methylene blue) from dye wastewater by co-hydrothermal treatment using RM, sucrose, and humic acid as raw materials. RM-SC-HA is simple to prepare and has better adsorption of MB in dye wastewater. The results supported the proposed secondary (R2= 0.99) kinetic model, which states that chemisorption is the primary form of adsorption. The maximum amount of adsorption, which was achieved by Langmuir's isothermal model, was 417.12 mg/g. In addition, the adsorption mechanism can be attributed to the role of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and void diffusion. When RM-SC-HA was used to treat simulated industrial wastewater samples, the removal rate was also maintained at a high level(About 90 %). In addition, RM-SC-HA has good magnetic properties and reusability. Its magnetic properties (saturation magnetization value of 2.49 emu/g) make it easy to separate from water under an applied magnetic field. The present study provides an efficient novel MB adsorbent and promotes the practical application of modified RM composites in water purification.

The additive manufacturing of directionally solidified Ni-based superalloys remains a significant challenge due to the formation of stray equiaxed grains and their high susceptibility to cracking, particularly for high-volume γ´-type Ni-based superalloys. In this study, a novel strategy based on temperature field management was proposed to prevent hot cracking and control crystallographic texture during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of IN738LC superalloy. The influence of laser parameters and substrate preheating on crack density, melt pool morphology, and texture of IN738LC superalloy was investigated. The fluid dynamics and thermal behavior of melt pool was simulated using the discrete element model (DEM) and volume of fluid (VOF) method. The processing window for achieving defect-free IN738LC samples was established and was found to be highly affected by substrate preheating. Substrate preheating at 350 °C resulted in expanded processing window, with the volume energy density ranging from 42.9 to 62.5 J/mm³ without substrate preheating to 40–75 J/mm³. The enlarged processing window was achieved by reducing cracking susceptibility due to the reduced temperature gradient and cooling rate. A unique crystallographic lamellar microstructure (CLM), comprising a <110>-oriented major layer and <100>-oriented sub-layer along the building direction, was successfully achieved in the LPBF-processed IN738LC superalloy. The solidification conditions for obtaining such a CLM were discussed on the aspects of temperature gradient and solidification rate within the melt pool. This work provides new insights and methods for preparing crack-free γ´-Ni-based superalloys with specific textures, which is favorable for improving the high-temperature properties.

A mesoscale convective system (MCS) occurred over the East China coastal provinces and the East China Sea on 30 April 2021, producing damaging surface winds near the coastal city Nantong with observed speeds reaching 45 m s−1. A simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a 1.5-km grid spacing generally reproduces the development and subsequent organization of this convective system into an MCS, with an eastward protruding bow segment over the sea. In the simulation, an east-west-oriented high wind swath is generated behind the gust front of the MCS. Descending dry rear-to-front inflows behind the bow and trailing gust front are found to feed the downdrafts in the main precipitation regions. The inflows help to establish spreading cold outflows and enhance the downdrafts through evaporative cooling. Meanwhile, front-to-rear inflows from the south are present, associated with severely rearward-tilted updrafts initially forming over the gust front. Such inflows descend behind (north of) the gust front, significantly enhancing downdrafts and near-surface winds within the cold pool. Consistently, calculated trajectories show that these parcels that contribute to the derecho originate primarily from the region ahead (south) of the east-west-oriented gust front, and dry southwesterly flows in the low-to-middle levels contribute to strong downdrafts within the MCS. Moreover, momentum budget analyses reveal that a large westward-directed horizontal pressure gradient force within the simulated cold pool produced rapid flow acceleration towards Nantong. The analyses enrich the understanding of damaging wind characteristics over coastal East China and will prove helpful to operational forecasters.

To investigate the association between computed tomography–measured quality characteristics of skeletal muscle (SM) and early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Purpose: To investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) time in range (TIR) and composite cardiovascular outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2021, 47 patients with PA were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and cardiovascular outcomes were assessed in all patients during the first diagnosis of PA. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.8 ± 11.4 years. Compared to PA without composite cardiovascular outcomes, the nighttime systolic BP TIR [31.2% (6.2%, 81.2%) vs. 11.5% (0.0%, 29.7%), p = 0.02] and defined daily dose (DDDs) of antihypertensive medication [2.0 (1.0, 2.8) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 2.0), p = 0.03] were lower in PA patients with composite cardiovascular outcomes, while higher glucose (5.0 ± 1.0 mmol/L vs. 5.9 ± 1.5 mmol/L) and prevalence of a history of alcohol intake was higher in PA patients with composite cardiovascular outcomes. There were no differences in age, sex, BMI, smoking, duration of hypertension, lipid levels, aldosteronism, clinic BP, 24-hour mean BP, daytime or nighttime BP, percentage of nocturnal SBP or DBP decline, 24-hour BP TIR, daytime BP TIR, or nighttime DBP TIR between the two groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, nighttime systolic BP TIR was significantly associated with composite cardiovascular outcomes (adjusted OR = 0.92 [95% CI 0.86, 0.99]) in multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Nighttime systolic BP TIR was significantly associated with composite cardiovascular outcomes in patients with PA.

Aiming at the problem that the existing vulnerability assessment models ignore the state transformation of information nodes and delay effect of information network, an improved cascade failure model is proposed to assess the vulnerability of cyber physical power system. Firstly, the cyber physical power system model is established according to the topological structure and correlation of the network. Secondly, considering the overload state and recovery process of cyber nodes, as well as the physical layer power flow optimization and information flow redistribution in the process of fault propagation, an improved cascading failures model is established. Finally, the vulnerability index is established from the topological structure and the running state of the system to assess the vulnerability of the cyber physical power system. The simulation results show that the deliberate attack is more destructive to the system than the random attack, as well as that the fault propagation is faster. Moreover, the vulnerability of CPPS can be decreased by increasing the overload and recovery parameters within a certain limit.

Identifying stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits across populations and environments is crucial for wheat breeding and genetic studies. Consensus maps also play important roles in wheat genetic and genomic research. In the present study, a wheat consensus map was constructed using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from Jinghua 1×Xiaobaidongmai (JX), an F2population derived from L43×Shanxibaimai (LS) and the BAAFS Wheat 90K SNP array single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 44,503 SNP markers were mapped on the constructed consensus map, and they covered 5,437.92 cM across 21 chromosomes. The consensus map showed high collinearity with the individual maps and the wheat reference genome IWGSC RefSeq v2.1. Phenotypic data on eight yield-related traits were collected in the JX population, as well as the F2:3and F2:4populations of LS, in six, two and two environments, respectively, and those data were used for QTL analysis. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) identified 32 environmentally stable QTLs for the eight yield-related traits. Among them, four QTLs (QPH.baafs-4B, QKNS.baafs-4B, QTGW.baafs-4B, and QSL.baafs-5A.3) were detected across mapping populations and environments, and nine stable QTLs (qKL.baafs-1D, QPH.baafs-2B, QKNS.baafs-3D, QSL.baafs-3D, QKW.baafs-4B, QPH.baafs-5D, QPH.baafs-6A.1, QSL.baafs-6A, and QSL.baafs-6D) are likely to be new. The physical region of 17.25–44.91 Mb on chromosome 4B was associated with six yield-related traits, so it is an important region for wheat yield. The physical region around the dwarfing gene Rht24contained QTLs for kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), spike length (SL), and thousand-grain weight (TGW), which are either from a pleiotropic effect of Rht24or closely linked loci. For the stable QTLs, 254 promising candidate genes were identified. Among them, TraesCS5A03G1264300, TraesCS1B03G0624000and TraesCS6A03G0697000are particularly noteworthy since their homologous genes have similar functions for the corresponding traits. The constructed consensus map and the identified QTLs along with their candidate genes will facilitate the genetic dissection of wheat yield-related traits and accelerate the development of wheat cultivars with desirable plant morphology and high yield.

•The predictive model stratified CML patients into 3 risk subgroups with significantly different cumulative incidences of TKI-therapy failure.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising treatment modality for breast cancer; however, its effectiveness is often impeded by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment owing to an insufficient oxygen supply in the solid tumors. To overcome this challenge, we elaborately developed a 4T1 tumor-targeted multifunctional nanoagent by integrating both dendrimer-structured copper chelating agents and organic sonosensitizers (IR820) into a biotin-modified nanoliposome via a microfluidic-assisted self-assembly. In particular, the aforementioned copper chelating agent was constructed by introducing multiple xanthate groups into a dendrimer polymer, which showed a significant selectivity for the consumption of the intracellular copper levels. Based on this, the nanoliposome-based therapeutic not only disrupted the activity of the mitochondrial complex IV to directly inhibit the tumor cell proliferation but also suppressed the resistance to the SDT via inhibition of the oxygen consumption for cellular respiration. Both in vitroand in vivostudies confirmed that the designed nanoagents exhibit a synergistic tumor inhibition effect of copper consumption and IR820-mediated SDT. Taken together, this approach establishes a proof-of-concept for the construction of a copper-ion-modulated nanomedicine to significantly enhance the efficiency of oxygen-dependent cancer treatments.

The uptake, translocation, and transformation of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in plants present significant challenges due to the lack of effective determination methods. This is especially true for selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), which hold promise for Se-biofortified agriculture and exhibit dynamic behaviors within plant system. Herein, we proposed a novel approach that incorporates enzymic digestion and membrane filtration to selectively extract SeNPs and dissolved Se from plant tissues, employing rice (Oryza sativa) plant as a model. Subsequently, the SeNPs retained on the membrane were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), while the dissolved Se in the filtrate, including selenite (Se(IV)), selenate (Se(VI)), and seleno amino acid, were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with ICPMS (LC-ICPMS). Recoveries of 83.5–91.4% for SeNPs and 73.6–99.4% for dissolved Se at a spiking level of 8 μg/g in quality control samples were obtained. With the established method, it was discovered that SeNPs taken up by rice leaves can transform into Se (IV) and organic Se, and all the Se species could be translocated downward, but only Se (IV) and SeNPs could be excreted through the roots. These findings provide valuable insights into the fate of SeNPs in plants and their related biological responses.

•MM with t(4;14) translocation is vulnerable to class II FINs because of the upregulation of the MMSET-ACSL4-PUFAs axis.•Class II FINs and bortezomib synergize to trigger t(4;14)-positive MM cell death by attenuating glutathione levels.