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The elimination of Co from Ni-rich layered cathodes is critical to reduce the production cost and increase the energy density for sustainable development. Herein, a delicate strategy of crystal-facet modulation is designed and explored, which is achieved by simultaneous Al/W-doping into the precursors, while the surface role of the crystal-facet is intensively revealed. Unlike traditional studies on crystal structure growth along a certain direction, this work modulates the crystal-facet at the nanoscale based on the effect of W-doping dynamic migration with surface energy, successfully constructing the core–shell (003)/(104) facet surface. Compared to the (003) plane, the induced (104) facet at the surface can provide more space for Li+-activity, enabling lower interfacial polarization and higher Li+-transport rate. Additionally, bulk Al-doping is beneficial for enhancing the Li+-diffusion from the exterior surface to the interior lattice. With improved interfacial stability and restrained surface erosion, the product exhibits superior capacity retention and boosted rate performance under the elevated temperature.

At present, it is very necessary to select and prepare suitable positive and negative electrode materials to fabricate high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in the energy storage field due to their high conductivity. As a branch, the zirconium organic framework (UIO-66) is a promising porous material due to its large specific surface area and abundant Zr centers. Graphene oxide (GO) and MXene are very suitable as substrate materials for conducting an MOF due to their abundant active sites and adjustable interlayer distance. The GO/MXene@NiZrP prepared through an in situ composite of GO and Mxene with the hydrothermal method and calcining method showed excellent electrochemical performance. Compared with the precursor UIO-66, the specific capacitance of the final product GO/MXene@NiZrP increases more than ten times, mainly because of its special layered porous structure, and GO/MXene@NiZrP has a larger specific surface area, pore volume, and surface defects caused by unstable Zr4+than those of UIO-66. Using GO/MXene@NiZrP as the positive electrode and biochar (BC) as the negative electrode, an asymmetric supercapacitor, BC//GO/MXene@NiZrP, is assembled. After 10,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g–1, the capacitance retention remains at 83.3%, showing excellent cycle stability.

Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis, with potential effects on rice yield and yield components. Modulating source–sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivity. This study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source–sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified genotypes. Periodically collected data of total biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants (greener or yellower) were analyzed, using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source–sink (im)balance during grain filling. Among all leaf-color variants, only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal genotype. This was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration, and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake. A density experiment showed that current management practices (insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application) are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype, ultimately limiting its yield potential. Leaf-color modification affects source–sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake, as well as N translocation between source and sink organs. To best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity, adjustments of crop management practices are required.

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) is a widely grown oilseed crop worldwide; however, the events leading to its origin and diversification are not fully understood. Here by combining chloroplast and whole-genome sequence data from a large germplasm collection, we show that the two subspecies of A. hypogaea(hypogaeaand fastigiata) likely arose from distinct allopolyploidization and domestication events. Peanut genetic clusters were then differentiated in relation to dissemination routes and breeding efforts. A combination of linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies allowed us to characterize genes and genomic regions related to main peanut morpho-agronomic traits, namely flowering pattern, inner tegument color, growth habit, pod/seed weight and oil content. Together, our findings shed light on the evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification of peanuts and might be of broad interest to plant breeders.

According to Kirchhoff’s radiation law, the spectral-directional absorptivity (α) and spectral-directional emissivity (e) of an object are widely believed to be identical, which places a fundamental limit on photonic energy conversion and management. The introduction of Weyl semimetals and magneto-optical (MO) materials into photonic crystals makes it possible to violate Kirchhoff’s law, but most existing work only report the unequal absorptivity and emissivity spectra in a single band, which cannot meet the requirements of most practical applications. Here, we introduce a defect layer into the structure composed of one-dimensional (1D) magnetophotonic crystal and a metal layer, which realizes dual-band nonreciprocal thermal radiation under a 3-T magnetic field with an incident angle of 60°. The realization of dual-band nonreciprocal radiation is mainly due to the Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance occurring in the defect layer and the excitation of Tamm plasmon, which is proved by calculating the magnetic field distribution. In addition, the effects of incident angle and structural parameters on nonreciprocity are also studied. What is more, the number of nonreciprocal bands could be further increased by tuning the defect layer thickness. When the defect layer thickness increases to 18.2 µm, tri-band nonreciprocal thermal radiation is realized due to the enhanced number of defect modes in the photonic band gap and the FP resonance occurring in the defect layer. Finally, the effect of defect location on nonreciprocity is also discussed. The present work provides a new way for the design of multi-band or even broad-band nonreciprocal thermal emitters.

In acidic HZSM-5 zeolite, the reactivity of a methanol molecule interacting with the zeolite proton is amenable to modification via coadsorbing a stochiometric amount of an electron density donor Eto form the [(E)(CH3OH)(HZ)] complex. The rate of the methanol in this complex undergoing dehydration to dimethyl ether was determined for a series of Ewith proton affinity (PA) ranging from 659 kJ mol–1for C6F6to 825 kJ mol–1for C4H8O and was found to follow the expression: Ln(Rate) – Ln(RateN2) = β(PA – PAN2)γ, where E= N2is the reference and β and γ are constants. This trend is probably due to the increased stability of the solvated proton in the [(E)(CH3OH)(HZ)] complex with increasing PA. Importantly, this is also observed in steady-state flow reactions when stoichiometric quantities of Eare preadsorbed on the zeolite. As demonstrated with Ebeing D2O, the effect on methanol reactivity diminishes when Eis present in excess of the [(E)(CH3OH)(HZ)] complex. It is proposed that the methanol dehydration reaction involves [(E)(CH3OH)(CH3OH)(HZ)] as the transition state, which is supported by the isotopologue distribution of the initial dimethyl ether formed when a flow of CH3OH was passed over ZSM-5 containing one CD3OH per zeolite proton. The implication of this on the mechanism of catalytic methanol dehydration on HZSM-5 is discussed.

ABSTRACT Though graphene oxide (GO) can strengthen and toughen cement-based material and GO and fly ash (FA) can play a synergetic effect and offset the drawbacks of each other, the [...]

Standardized surgical procedures are crucial for preventing recurrence and ensuring a favorable prognosis in cervical cancer patients. The primary surgical challenge lies in the circumferential en bloc resection of the tissues surrounding the cervix and paravaginal area. This region's complex vascular and neural distribution increases the risk of bleeding, injury, and other surgical complications, which in turn heightens the risk of local tumor recurrence. Recently, the concept of total mesometrial resection (TMMR) guided by embryonic origin principles has shown promise in reducing postoperative recurrence rates. The technique focuses on using embryonic boundaries as surgical margins and entering through avascular planes, thereby minimizing complications while achieving favorable oncological outcomes. However, due to inconsistencies with traditional anatomical terms and surgical approaches, this method has yet to gain widespread adoption. Our team has conducted preliminary explorations into embryonic compartmental-based hysterectomy, yielding encouraging results. We have introduced the concept of the "membrane bridge" to standardize surgical procedures, facilitating the broader adoption of this technique. Due to the unique advantage of the three-dimensional view provided by robotic surgery, we utilized images from robotic procedures to illustrate the different "membrane bridges."

Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) crown rot and root rot are common diseases caused by Aspergillus nigerVan Tieghem. Early and accurate detection of A. nigeris key to disease management. In this study, the design of two to five sets of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers was based on the EglA, GOD, Tub, NRPS, Tan, CbhA, and CbhBgenes of A. niger. Of these, primer set GOD-91 was selected for optimization of the three-factor LAMP system: the BstDNA polymerase concentration, the concentration ratio of the inner and outer primers, and the concentration of Mg2+. In addition, the optimized LAMP reaction system for A. nigerdetection was validated for specificity, sensitivity, and on-site feasibility. The specificity test showed that A. nigercould be specifically detected with the proposed method without cross-amplification of other pathogenic fungi DNA. Moreover, based on the sensitivity test, the lowest detection limit of this reaction system was 5.1 × 10−7ng/µL pAN01 plasmid DNA, after which a standard curve was generated for the quantitative detection of A. niger.The LAMP method was further applied for field sample assessment before and after A. nigerinfection, successfully detecting A. nigerpresence in the samples collected in the field. This study yielded a sensitive, specific, and reproducible LAMP system that can be used to assess on-site samples within 45 min. It is an effective approach for the rapid and quantitative detection of A. niger.

There is a bottleneck in the design of vehicle sound that the subjective perception of sound quality that combines multiple psychological factors fails to be accurately and objectively quantified. Therefore, EEG signals are introduced in this paper to investigate the evaluation and design method of vehicle acceleration sound with powerful sound quality. Firstly, the experiment of EEG acquisition and subjective evaluation under the stimulation of powerful vehicle sounds is conducted, respectively, then three physiological EEG features of PSD_β, PSD_γ and DE are constructed to evaluate the vehicle sounds based on the correlation analysis algorithms. Subsequently, the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) is proposed to optimize the Elman model, where an intelligent model (AGA–Elman) is constructed to objectively predicate the perception of subjects for the vehicle sounds with powerful sound quality. The results demonstrate that the error of the constructed AGA–Elman model is only 2.88%, which outperforms than the traditional BP and Elman model; Finally, two vehicle acceleration sounds (Design1 and Design2) are designed based on the constructed AGA–Elman model from the perspective of order modulation and frequency modulation, which provide the acoustic theoretical guidance for the design of vehicle sound incorporating the EEG signals.

The grain orientation of cathode is regulated by precursor engineering. The optimized Ni-rich cathode possesses excellent cyclic stability due to the well-connected Li+channels and the alleviation of anisotropic microstructural change.

The application of multitemporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MTInSAR) technology in bridge structural health monitoring often encounters considerable challenges due to the intricate nature of bridge structures. Notably, the thermal expansion and contraction (TEC) of bridges can lead to prominent interferometric phase jumps at the expansion joints. When the magnitude of the phase jump exceeds $\pi $ , the continuity assumption required for phase unwrapping is no longer valid. Consequently, classical phase unwrapping methods fail to accurately retrieve bridge deformation. To address this limitation, we propose an adaptive MTInSAR method that can partition the bridge into independent segments and concurrently estimate deformation from multiple reference points. The algorithm first identifies expansion joint locations using a mean square error threshold. Subsequently, reference point selection and segmental phase unwrapping are performed to derive displacement time series of persistent scatterers (PSs), where the mechanical properties of the bridge structure are considered. We validate the effectiveness of the method using 23 TerraSAR-X (TSX) images of the Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge. The results demonstrate the successful detection of expansion joints and reliable phase unwrapping in PS subnetworks. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the classical minimum cost flow (MCF) method highlights the superior adaptability and reliability of the proposed approach. Finally, threshold values for triggering conditions when phase jumps occur are quantified. The proposed work will enhance the robust monitoring of bridge motions, safeguarding the structural health of bridges.

ABSTRACT While graphene oxide (GO) is found to have a potential to enhance the strength and toughness of cement based composites, it may reduce the cement paste fluidity and thus [...]

Mn–Cu alloys are metal materials, which can be used to reduce vibration and noise from machines. With their inner damping mechanism, the alloys show an excellent damping capacity. However, previous reports show that the damping capacity of the alloys often attenuates after placing at room temperature (RT) for a long time. In the present study, the as-cast Mn–Cu–Al–0∼3 wt% Sn alloys were held at RT for 18 months. Their crystallization morphology was observed using backscattered electron (BSE) technology. The phase distribution was characterized using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Their phase structure was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their starting martensite transformation temperature (Ms) and damping capacity were measured by using an inverted torsion pendulum device. It is observed for the first time that the FCT phases mainly form in the dendrites. With vacancies diffusing towards boundaries of phases and twins, the boundaries are pinned and the Mspoint declines. Hence, the damping capacity attenuates within 18 months. Moreover, the addition of Sn can weaken the decline trend of Mspoint and consequently the IF value of the Sn-contained Mn–Cu alloys attenuates less than that of the none-Sn alloy. This research could help us to understand how to cope with the damping attenuation of the Mn–Cu alloys.

With the improvement of living standards, the requirements for medical care and daily healthcare quality have become higher and higher. However, the traditional medical diagnosis mode cannot provide patients with all-round, real-time, and accurate health status. With the aggravation of the aging population, the scale of physiological data will increase in a blowout manner. The traditional medical diagnosis model for monitoring, which is based at the central hospital, has been unable to meet the current real-time monitoring needs for families and individuals. In order to solve this issue, this paper establishes a wireless sensor network based medical platform, which implements sleep monitoring by mining electroencephalogram signals. The wireless sensor network-based medical platform adopts the end-edge-cloud architecture. The experiments and simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed end-edge-cloud architecture-based medical platform.

The kagome metal CsV3Sb5features an unusual competition between the charge-density-wave (CDW) order and superconductivity. Evidence for time reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB) inside the CDW phase has been accumulating. Hence, the superconductivity in CsV3Sb5emerges from a TRSB normal state, potentially resulting in an exotic superconducting state. To reveal the pairing symmetry, we first investigate the effect of nonmagnetic impurity. Our results show that the superconducting critical temperature is insensitive to disorder, pointing to conventional s-wave superconductivity. Moreover, our measurements of the self-field critical current (Ic,sf), which is related to the London penetration depth, also confirm conventional s-wave superconductivity with strong coupling. Finally, we measure Ic,sfwhere the CDW order is removed by pressure and superconductivity emerges from the pristine normal state. Our results show that s-wave gap symmetry is retained, providing strong evidence for the presence of conventional s-wave superconductivity in CsV3Sb5irrespective of the presence of the TRSB.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage, smart grids, and portable devices due to their high average output voltage and energy density. NaSICON-type materials have been identified as potential candidates for electrode and solid electrolyte materials for LIBs due to their 3D framework, which contains Li+ions, excellent ionic conductivity, and thermal stability. NaSICON-type materials have a 3D framework and a fast Li+diffusion pathway, making them suitable for use in LIBs. However, their application as solid electrolytes is limited due to poorer ionic conductivity and interfacial stability compared to commercialized liquid electrolytes. Furthermore, their use as electrode materials is restricted by their low electronic conductivity. This review provides an overview of NaSICON-type materials, including their common structure, Li+diffusion mechanism, and preparation strategies. The article also discusses the application and modification strategies of NaSICON-type materials for LIBs, classifying them as anode materials, cathode materials, and solid electrolyte materials. Additionally, the potential use of NaSICON-type materials as modification materials for cathode materials for LIBs is briefly mentioned. Building on previous work on NaSICON-type materials, we propose potential areas for further development and wider applications of these materials in LIBs.

Powdery mildew of wheat is a destructive disease seriously threatening yield and quality worldwide. Comprehensive dissection of new resistance-related loci/genes is necessary to control this disease. LS5082 is a Chinese wheat breeding line with resistance to powdery mildew. Genetic analysis, using the populations of LS5082 and three susceptible parents (Shannong 29, Shimai 22 and Huixianhong), indicated that a single dominant gene, tentatively designated PmLS5082, conferred seedling resistance to different Blumeria graminisf. sp. tritici(Bgt) isolates. Bulked segregant RNA-Seq was carried out to map PmLS5082and to profile differentially expressed genes associated with PmLS5082. PmLS5082was mapped to a 0.7 cM genetic interval on chromosome arm 2BL, which was aligned to a 0.7 Mb physical interval of 710.3–711.0 Mb. PmLS5082differs from the known powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes on chromosome arm 2BL based on their origin, chromosome positions and/or resistance spectrum, suggesting PmLS5082is most likely a new Pmgene/allele. Through clusters of orthologous groups and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PmLS5082were profiled. Six DEGs in the PmLS5082interval were confirmed to be associated with PmLS5082via qPCR analysis, using an additional set of wheat samples and time-course analysis post-inoculation with Bgtisolate E09.Ten closely linked markers, including two kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers, were confirmed to be suitable for marker-assisted selection of PmLS5082in different genetic backgrounds, thus can be used to detect PmLS5082and pyramid it with other genes in breeding programs.

Due to its high energy density and superior stability, LiCoO2is widely applied in the field of digital devices. Currently, to satisfy the rising demand of LiCoO2, enhancing the cut-off voltage offers an enticing strategy to effectively improve the volumetric energy density, which become a common hotspot both in the academic and industry. It is confirmed that elemental doping is the main strategy for modification, which is adopted during the high-temperature sintering process, easily resulting in the uneven distribution of dopants. In fact, the precursors Co3O4plays a vital role in the high-voltage performance of LiCoO2, which is often overlooked by many researchers. Therefore, the microstructure control and doping uniformity of Co3O4precursor remain challenging. Herein, the limitation of grand spherical precursors synthesis and the morphology regulatory mechanisms of doping optimization are systematically investigated. On the one hand, the growth mechanism is comprehensively explored to synthesize grand spherical Co3O4precursors. On the other hand, Al-doping mechanism is logically analyzed by thermodynamic theory. Therefore, an optimized in-situ precipitation method is designed to avoid the segregation of Al and achieve uniform distribution as anticipated. The modified LiCoO2cathode derived from uniform Al-doping exhibits improved high-voltage electrochemical performance. It can display the high reversible capacity of 167.3 mAh g−1, with retention rates of 90.0 % after 100 cycles at 0.5C in the high-voltage of 3–4.55 V. This work not only comprehensively elucidates the precursor growth mechanism, but also provides an efficacious and up-scalable strategy for the LiCoO2production.

As an endemic fruit tree in China, the Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis(Bge.) Sok.) has substantial ecological and economic value. In 2018, characteristic symptoms of the crown gall of the Chinese dwarf cherry were observed in a nursery base located in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The occurrence of the disease among seedlings was observed to be 9.48%. Diseased plants were collected and brought to the laboratory for the isolation of the pathogens. In this study, the isolates were identified by a combination of morphological, biochemical, pathogenicity-related, as well as molecular methods. The isolated strains were white, circular, domed, and glistening. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and biochemical tests, five strains were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens/ biovar 1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect pathogenicity-associated genes in isolates through the amplification of the partial nucleotide sequences of tms2, virD2and iptgenes, which proved that the isolates contained the Ti plasmid. In the pathogenicity assay, the crown gall symptom developed on the young stem of tomato and sunflower after inoculation. Based on its morphological, biochemical, pathogenicity and genetic characteristics, the pathogen of the Chinese dwarf cherry crown gall was identified to be A. tumefaciens/biovar 1.

Oil and protein content and fatty acid composition are quality traits in peanut. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits may help researchers to obtain improved cultivars by molecular breeding. Whole-genome resequencing of a recombinant inbred population of 318 lines was performed to construct a high-density linkage map and identify QTL for peanut quality. The map, containing 4561 bin markers, covered 2032 cM with a mean marker density of 0.45 cM. A total of 110 QTL for oil and protein content, and fatty acid composition were mapped on the 18 peanut chromosomes. The QTL qA05.1was detected in four environments and showed a major phenotypic effect on the contents of oil, protein, and six fatty acids. The genomic region spanned by qA05.1, corresponding to a physical interval of approximately 1.5 Mb, contains two SNPs polymorphic between the parents that could cause missense mutations. The two SNP sites were employed as KASP markers and validated using lines with extremely high and low oil contents. These sites may be useful in the marker-assisted breeding of peanut cultivars with high oil contents.

We examine the initial differential sticking probability of CH4and CD4on CH4and CD4ices under nonequilibrium flow conditions using a combination of experimental methods and numerical simulations. The experimental methods include time-resolved in situreflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) for monitoring on-surface gaseous condensation and complementary King and Wells mass spectrometry techniques for monitoring sticking probabilities that provide confirmatory results via a second independent measurement method. Seeded supersonic beams are employed so that the entrained CH4and CD4have the same incident velocity but different kinetic energies and momenta. We found that as the incident velocity of CH4and CD4increases, the sticking probabilities for both molecules on a CH4condensed film decrease systematically, but that preferential sticking and condensation occur for CD4. These observations differ when condensed CD4is used as the target interface, indicating that the film’s phonon and rovibrational densities of states, and collisional energy transfer cross sections, have a role in differential energy accommodation between isotopically substituted incident species. Lastly, we employed a mixed incident supersonic beam composed of both CH4and CD4in a 3:1 ratio and measured the condensate composition as well as the sticking probability. When doing so, we see the same effect in the condensed mixed film, supporting an isotopic enrichment of the heavier isotope. We propose that enhanced multi-phonon interactions and inelastic cross sections between the incident CD4projectile and the CH4film allow for more efficacious gas–surface energy transfer. VENUS code MD simulations show the same sticking probability differences between isotopologues as observed in the gas–surface scattering experiments. Ongoing analyses of these trajectories will provide additional insights into energy and momentum transfer between the incident species and the interface. These results offer a new route for isotope enrichment via preferential condensation of heavier isotopes and isotopologues during gas–surface collisions under specifically selected substrate, gas-mixture, and incident velocity conditions. They also yield valuable insights into gaseous condensation under non-equilibrium conditions such as occur in aircraft flight in low-temperature environments. Moreover, these results can help to explain the increased abundance of deuterium in solar system planets and can be incorporated into astrophysical models of interstellar icy dust grain surface processes.

A molecular description of the structure and behavior of water confined in aluminosilicate zeolite pores is a crucial component for understanding zeolite acid chemistry under hydrous conditions. In this study, we use a combination of ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy and ab initiomolecular dynamics (AIMD) to study H2O confined in the pores of highly hydrated zeolite HZSM-5 (∼13 and ∼6 equivalents of H2O per Al atom). The 2D IR spectrum reveals correlations between the vibrations of both terminal and H-bonded O–H groups and the continuum absorption of the excess proton. These data are used to characterize the hydrogen-bonding network within the cluster by quantifying single-, double-, and non-hydrogen-bond donor water molecules. These results are found to be in good agreement with the statistics calculated from an AIMD simulation of an H+(H2O)8cluster in HZSM-5. Furthermore, IR spectral assignments to local O–H environments are validated with DFT calculations on clusters drawn from AIMD simulations. The simulations reveal that the excess charge is detached from the zeolite and resides near the more highly coordinated water molecules in the cluster. When they are taken together, these results unambiguously assign the complex IR spectrum of highly hydrated HZSM-5, providing quantitative information on the molecular environments and hydrogen-bonding topology of protonated water clusters under extreme confinement.

The efficacy and safety of donor-derived anti-CD19 CAR T cells vs DLI for the management of relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain unclear. Thirteen B-ALL patients with relapsed after allo-HSCT and thus were treated with donor-derived anti-CD19 CAR T-cell (study group). Fifteen B-ALL patients relapsed after allo-HSCT and thus were treated with DLI (DLI group). The rates of MRD-negative complete remission (61.5%) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the DLI group (13.3%) (p= 0.02). The complete remission duration in study group and DLI group were median 8.0 months (range, 3–25 months) and 4.4 months (range, 1–25 months; p= 0.026), respectively. The overall survival of patients in the study group was superior to that of the DLI group: 9.5 months (range,3–25 months) versus 5.5 months (range, 1–25 months; p= 0.030). One patient with grade 1 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was identified in the study group. While five (33.3%) patients in the DLI group developed grades III–IV aGVHD. Three patients (23.07%) developed grade 3 or 4 cytokine release syndrome in the study group. This study suggested that donor-derived anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy is promising, safe, and potentially effective for relapsed B-ALL after allo-HSCT and may be superior to DLI.

Although the summers of 2021 and 2022 are both in the two successive La Niña decaying stages and under the same climate background of negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase and global warming trend, they exhibit significantly different and even opposite precipitation patterns in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) as well as in the Indian monsoon region (IMR). In contrast to the abundant precipitation and lower temperature in the YRV in summer 2021, in summer 2022 the YRV experiences severe drought and extremely high temperatures, which is also accompanied by Mega‐floods in the IMR. This study identifies the joint influence of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in Niño4 and Barents Sea (BS) regions as the underlying cause for the contrast YRV precipitation anomalies in the summers of 2021 and 2022. Specifically, the cold SSTAs in both Niño4 and BS regions in summer 2021 favor stronger and southward shifted western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), leading to more precipitation in the YRV, which is however generally reversed but more intense in summer 2022 because of the synergistic effect of cold Niño4 and warm BS SSTAs. Moreover, the induced extreme precipitation in the IMR in summer 2022, which is absent in summer 2021 due to the offsetting effect of cold SSTAs in both Niño4 and BS regions, in turn further strengthens the anomalous atmospheric circulations via its released large diabatic heating and serves as a relay pathway for the dramatic drought and heat wave in the YRV. The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to be the most significant interannual signal and one of the major factors for summer precipitation anomaly in East Asia. Nevertheless, the two summers of 2021 and 2022 are characterized by almost opposite precipitation patterns in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) even though they are both in the two successive La Niña decaying stages. Our study demonstrates that except for the cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) with obvious differences in both intensity and position in Niño4 region, the opposite SSTAs in Barents Sea region may play a dominant role in determining the strong contrast precipitation patterns in the YRV as well as in the Indian monsoon region (IMR). As the result of the synergistic effect of cold Niño4 and warm BS, the extreme IMR precipitation also serves as a relay pathway for the dramatic drought and heat wave in the YRV in summer 2022. It suggests that to clearly understand and accurately predict the climate anomalies in East Asia should consider the mid‐high latitude signals besides the tropical ENSO signal, especially in the context of global warming when the signals and influences from the mid‐high latitudes are becoming more and more prominent. The two La Niña decaying summers in 2021 and 2022 see nearly opposite precipitation patterns in Yangtze River valleySynergistic effect of cold Niño4 region and warm Barents Sea is the essential cause for the extreme summer drought in Yangtze River valleyIndian monsoon precipitation plays a relaying role in linking the SST forcing and the Yangtze River valley precipitation via teleconnection The two La Niña decaying summers in 2021 and 2022 see nearly opposite precipitation patterns in Yangtze River valley Synergistic effect of cold Niño4 region and warm Barents Sea is the essential cause for the extreme summer drought in Yangtze River valley Indian monsoon precipitation plays a relaying role in linking the SST forcing and the Yangtze River valley precipitation via teleconnection

The eco‐driving strategy is of great significance in driving cost for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles in driving trips, especially at signalized intersections. To address the issue of further energy saving, this study proposes an ecological approach and departure‐driving strategy by using syncretic learning with trapezoidal collocation algorithm. First, a syncretic learning‐based speed predictor is built by merging back propagation neural networks and radial basis function neural networks. Second, the syncretic learning‐based speed predictor and trapezoidal collocation algorithm are combined to optimize the speed trajectory. Third, the torque between the engine and the motor is distributed by the dynamic programming algorithm. Then, model predictive control optimizes torque output in the control time domain. Finally, the driving interval optimization method is designed to avoid mixed‐integer programming problems and redundant constraints, which make vehicles cross intersections without stopping. The numerical verification results show that the trapezoidal collocation algorithm with syncretic learning has more advantages than other methods in speed trajectory planning. Compared with the original trajectory, the driving time through the intersection is reduced and the total driving cost is lowered by 19.82%. Validation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in energy consumption management at signalized intersections. This study proposes an ecological approach and departure‐driving strategy by using syncretic learning with trapezoidal collocation algorithm. The speed predictor is combined with the trapezoidal collocation algorithm to obtain the speed trajectory with higher accuracy. The driving interval optimization method is proposed to make vehicles cross the intersections without stopping.

This letter presents a design and implementation of a bluetooth low energy (BLE) localization scheme using polarization sensitive arrays, where both the direction and polarization information is explored for high-accuracy positioning. The signal frequency offset and channel mismatch error are mitigated by the proposed frequency compensation and array calibration algorithm, respectively. Moreover, we develop an alternate search algorithm for angle estimation and derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound for performance evaluation. Finally, we design a real-time single-anchor BLE localization system using angular information, which is demonstrated to achieve a median localization accuracy of 30 cm in experiments.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), as a conventional and effective approach, has been widely used for the fabrication of InN materials. Typically, CVD processes are supposed to be dominated by different chemical and thermodynamical parameters. NH3flow rate has been proved to be an important factor that could influence the morphology of InN nanostructures. However, it is rare to have a report on the effect of the NH3flow rate on the growth mechanism of InN crystallites within CVD processes. In this work, it is manifest that the uniform InN nanowires are synthesized at the NH3flow rate of 240 sccm. While the NH3flow rate increases to 350 sccm, large numbers of InN microcrystallites with a pyramid shape are obtained instead. It is also found that a higher NH3flow rate may trigger a self-assembly growth process in the CVD system, subsequently influencing the morphological characteristics and even the optical properties of the products. Thus, adjusting the NH3flow rate may be an important approach to tailor the morphology and properties of Group III nitrides via CVD processes.

Hydrated excess protons under hydrophobic confinement are a critical component of charge transport behavior and reactivity in nanoporous materials and biomolecular systems. Herein, excess proton confinement effects are computationally investigated for sub-2 nm hydrophobic nanopores by varying the diameters (d= 0.81, 0.95, 1.09, 1.22, 1.36, 1.63, and 1.90 nm), lengths (l∼3 and ∼5 nm), curvature, and chirality of cylindrical carbon nanotube (CNT) nanopores. CNTs with a combination of different diameter segments are also explored. The spatial distribution of water molecules under confinement is diameter-dependent; however, proton solvation and transport are consistently found to occur in the water layer adjacent to the pore wall, showing an “amphiphilic” character of the hydrated excess proton hydronium-like structure. The proton transport free energy barrier also decreases significantly as the nanopore diameter increases and proton transport becomes almost barrierless in the d> 1 nm nanopores. Among the nanopores studied, the Zundel cation (H5O2+) is populated only in the d= 0.95 nm CNT (7,7) nanopore. The presence of the hydrated excess proton and K+inside the CNT (7,7) nanopore induces a water density increase by 40 and 20%, respectively. The K+transport through CNT nanopores is also consistently higher in the free energy barrier than proton transport. Interestingly, the evolution of excess protonic charge defect distribution reveals a “frozen” single water wire configuration in the d= 0.81 nm CNT (6,6) nanopore (or segment), through which hydrated excess protons can only shuttle via the Grotthuss mechanism. Vehicular diffusion becomes relevant to proton transport in the “flat” free energy regions and in the wider nanopores, where protons do not primarily shuttle in the axial direction.

Quasi-classical direct dynamics simulations, performed with the B3LYP-D3/cc-pVDZ electronic structure theory, are reported for vibrational relaxation of the three NH stretches of the −NH3+group of protonated tryptophan (TrpH+), excited to the n= 1 local mode states. The intramolecular vibrational energy relaxation (IVR) rates determined for these states, from the simulations, are in good agreement with the experiment. In accordance with the experiment, IVR for the free NH stretch is slowest, with faster IVR for the remaining two NH stretches which have intermolecular couplings with an O atom and a benzenoid ring. For the free NH and the NH coupled to the benzenoid ring, there are beats (i.e., recurrences) in their relaxations versus time. For the free NH stretch, 50% of the population remained in n= 1 when the trajectories were terminated at 0.4 ps. IVR for the free NH stretch is substantially slower than for the CH stretch in benzene. The agreement found in this study between quasi-classical direct dynamics simulations and experiments indicates the possible applicability of this simulation method to larger biological molecules. Because IVR can drive or inhibit reactions, calculations of IVR time scales are of interest, for example, in unimolecular reactions, mode-specific chemistry, and many photochemical processes.

Anisotropies in electronic transportations conventionally originate from the nature of low symmetries in crystal structures and were not anticipated for perovskite oxides with crystal asymmetries much smaller than, e.g., van der Waals or topological crystal. Beyond conventional expectations, here we demonstrate pronounced anisotropies in the inter-band Coulomb repulsion-dominated electronic transportation behaviors in the low-dimensional perovskite family of rare-earth nickelates (ReNiO3). The in-plane orbital entropy associated to the in-plane symmetry of the NiO6octahedron within ReNiO3causes intrinsic anisotropies for the gradual orbital transition with temperature to regulate their thermistor transportations. Extrinsically imparting biaxial interfacial strains amplifies the anisotropies in the electronic transportation of ReNiO3. It unveils the overlooked role of orbital directionalities within low-dimensional correlated perovskites that triggers anisotropic transportations despite their higher crystal symmetries, and this introduces new freedoms to regulate their correlated transportations.

Genetic abnormalities are more frequently viewed as prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in recent years. Fucosylation, catalyzed by fucosyltransferases (FUTs), is a post-translational modification that widely exists in cancer cells. However, the expression and clinical implication of the FUTfamily (FUT1-11) in AML has not been investigated. From the Cancer Genome Atlas database, a total of 155 AML patients with complete clinical characteristics and FUT1-11expression data were included in our study. In patients who received chemotherapy alone showed that high expression levels of FUT3, FUT6, and FUT7had adverse effects on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) (all P< 0.05), whereas high FUT4expression had favorable effects on EFS and OS (all P< 0.01). However, in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) group, we only found a significant difference in EFS between the high and low FUT3expression subgroups (P= 0.047), while other FUTmembers had no effect on survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that high FUT4expression was an independent favorable prognostic factor for both EFS (HR = 0.423, P= 0.001) and OS (HR = 0.398, P< 0.001), whereas high FUT6expression was an independent risk factor for both EFS (HR = 1.871, P= 0.017) and OS (HR = 1.729, P= 0.028) in patients who received chemotherapy alone. Moreover, we found that patients with low FUT4and high FUT6expressions had the shortest EFS and OS (P< 0.05). Our study suggests that high expressions of FUT3/6/7predict poor prognosis, high FUT4expression indicates good prognosis in AML; FUT6and FUT4have the best prognosticating profile among them, but their effects could be neutralized by allo-HSCT.

Aim:To compare the genome sequences among clinical and American-Type Culture Collection Ureaplasmastrains and to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of multiple banded antigen (MBA) variation. Materials & methods:Two strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum132 and 315 and one strain of Ureaplasma parvum106 isolated from infertile males were sequenced using Illumina and Nanopore technologies. Comparative genomic analysis was performed of the three strains and two American-Type Culture Collection strains. Results & conclusion:The Ureaplasmaspecies shared a core genome. Strains 132 and 315 shared a distant relationship with previously sequenced Ureaplasmaspp. The MBA locus is more informative for studying MBA mutations than is the mbagene alone. The mechanisms of MBA variation are more flexible and complex than previously reported. The variation in MBA is not limited to the mbagene but occurs in other genes within the MBA locus.

ABSTRACTFarmland transfer is one of the essential approaches for achieving large-scale farming and its management affects productive efficiency, environment pollution and food sustainable security supply. Present study was carried out investigation based representative agricultural development area Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi, aimed at explore the role of biotechnology and laborers in integration of farmland toward to improve sustainable agriculture in rural China by employed the profit and Tobit models evaluation. The conclusion demonstrated that labor’s and agricultural management model as main stay, intensive farming has positive effect-based economic and environmental benefits than fragmentation management, female laborers have weaker effect on farmland renting-out behavior among smallholders while male laborers were superior promoters in increasing the area of rented-in farmland and farm scale. Finally, bioengineering development and agricultural intensification management as a rational choice that has great potential value for large-scale cultivation that contributing a promising future for achieving cleaner production, environment and human health further providing huge economic and social and environmental benefits in sustainability agriculture. Additionally, government policies require intensive intervention to accelerate large-scale management and biotechnology implementation.Abbreviation: Aaflf: Average age of female labor force; Incom(log): Log of annual household income; Noflf: Number of women in the labor force; Nooaf: Number of old adults in family; NTFs: non-transfer families; OLS: ordinary least square; Palff: Proportion of agricultural laborers in the female labor force; Palmf: Proportion of agricultural laborers in the male labor force; RIFs: rented-in families; ROFs: rented-out families; Whhf: Whether the household head is female

The large-sized naked-eye three-dimensional (3D) display is a critical device in the real-time topographic survey for deep-sea scientific research. As a core component, the low-impedance transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) thin-film electrode lacks a reliable industrial preparation method. In the 3D display, the grating element with a low-resistance ITO film electrode should have a good binocular parallax to drive the display favorably. However, an increase in the ITO film temperature during deposition may induce its crystallization, and its etching residue may cause a short circuit between the ITO electrodes and abnormal display operation. In this work, we propose a simple and straightforward technique to produce amorphous thin ITO films by controlling the water vapor flow rate during the deposition process. The obtained ITO amorphous thick film (300 nm) can be etched without leaving residues on the display surface, ensuring vivid display performance of the 3D display. A field test employing the 3D display, consisting of a 3D parallax barrier and a two-dimensional (2D) display, does not exhibit a short-circuit phenomenon caused by residues encountered in previous devices. This work makes the 3D display applicable for the real-time topographic survey on the basis of both satisfying the nonetching residue and the decrease of the resistance value.

Eurasian teleconnection pattern (EU) and its two variants (EU1 and EU2) are the representative wintertime atmospheric teleconnections over Eurasian continent. They are mainly indicative of the local features and closely related to other teleconnection patterns. What are the major interannual climate modes over mid‐high latitude Eurasia in boreal winter is still an open question. With the ERA5 reanalysis data sets after removing the linear impact of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), three wintertime climate modes over mid‐high latitude Eurasia are identified by the first three empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of the anomalous relative tendency (ART) of 500 hPa geopotential height. They approximately explain 75% of the interannual variance in total. The three climate modes have combined features of EU‐like patterns with Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and West Atlantic (WA) teleconnections, respectively, and they are named EU‐AO, EU‐NAO and EU‐WA climate modes accordingly. All the three climate modes originate mainly from the North Atlantic and demonstrate clear Rossby wave trains downstream to East Asia along the great circle route, and they can be primarily stimulated and maintained by positive air‐sea feedback over North Atlantic regarding to the obvious North Atlantic tripole‐like sea surface temperature patterns. Interannual climate variations over the most Eurasian continent are strongly linked to and well reproduced by the three ENSO‐independent climate modes, which can be applied as the important signals for monitoring and predicting winter interannual climate variabilities over mid‐high latitude Eurasia. The climate signals from mid‐high latitudes have been getting more and more prominent for the extreme events in Eurasian continent during recent years, and they are generally demonstrated as the integrated features of multiple typical teleconnection patterns, which are usually interfered by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Filtering out the linear impact of ENSO, the first three empirical orthogonal function modes of the anomalous relative tendency of 500 hPa geopotential height are regarded as the major interannual ENSO‐independent wintertime climate modes over mid‐high latitude Eurasia. They have combined features of two typical teleconnection patterns, originating from the North Atlantic and exerting strong effects on Eurasian climate through downstream propagated planetary wave trains, and their spatial patterns are gradually shifted southwestward in order. Moreover, their generation and maintenance are primarily associated with the North Atlantic tripole‐like sea surface temperature and its positive interaction with the local atmosphere. The three ENSO‐independent climate modes are responsible for most of interannual variations of precipitation and temperature over Eurasian continent, and they can be applied as metrics for climate monitoring and climate prediction over Eurasia in boreal winter. Three ENSO‐independent climate modes over mid‐high latitude Eurasia are identified as the combination of two typical teleconnection patternsNorth Atlantic tripole‐like sea surface temperature is the key factor causing the three ENSO‐independent climate modes via its forced local Rossby wave sourceThe three ENSO‐independent climate modes primarily determine the interannual variability over mid‐high latitude Eurasia Three ENSO‐independent climate modes over mid‐high latitude Eurasia are identified as the combination of two typical teleconnection patterns North Atlantic tripole‐like sea surface temperature is the key factor causing the three ENSO‐independent climate modes via its forced local Rossby wave source The three ENSO‐independent climate modes primarily determine the interannual variability over mid‐high latitude Eurasia

The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 is essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, PR10genes in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) were systematically identified, after which their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, and syntenic relationships were analyzed. A total of 54 AhPR10genes were identified. They were then divided into eight groups according to their phylogenetic relationships, which were supported by the characterization of gene structures and conserved motifs. Analyses of chromosomal distribution and synteny revealed that segmental duplications were critical for the expansion of the AhPR10gene family. In addition, the identified AhPR10genes had constitutive and inducible expression patterns. Notably, AhPR10-7, AhPR10-33, and AhPR10-41may have crucial functions affecting the resistance of peanut to A. flavus. In vitrofungistatic experiments indicated that recombinant AhPR10-33 can effectively inhibit A. flavusmycelial growth. The study results provide useful insights for future research on AhPR10 functions that protect peanut from the detrimental effects of A. flavus.

Considering the trade‐off on the improvement of fuel economy performance and mode transition comfort for multimode hybrid electric vehicles (MMHEV), a bi‐objective trade‐off control strategy is designed based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) with Pareto method. Aiming at the problem of optimal economy of multimode working area of vehicles, the equivalent fuel consumption cost and torque distribution MAP in different modes are determined based on ECMS. In order to solve the problem of torque instability caused by engine response lag and demand torque fluctuation, the motor torque optimization coefficient (MTOC) is introduced as the control variable by taking advantage of the motor's fast and accurate response to torque, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the MTOC, and a smoother torque distribution is obtained. Because there is a coupling relationship between the economy and ride comfort of the system, the trade‐off optimization is carried out using the NSGA‐II algorithm based on Pareto principle. The simulation verification conducted in nonslope and slope conditions, as well as hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in managing the trade‐off between economy and ride comfort for the MMHEV. This article focuses on the trade‐off between fuel economy and driving comfort of multimode hybrid electric vehicle (MMHEV). Based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy–Pareto joint algorithm, a bi‐objective trade‐off control strategy is designed. The results show that the driving comfort can be greatly improved with a small sacrifice of economy.

Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes offer promising prospects in mitigating intergranular microcracks and side reaction issues commonly encountered in conventional polycrystalline cathodes. However, the utilization of micrometer-sized single-crystal particles has raised concerns about sluggish Li+diffusion kinetics and unfavorable structural degradation, particularly in high Ni content cathodes. Herein, we present an innovative in situ doping strategy to regulate the dominant growth of characteristic planes in the single-crystal precursor, leading to enhanced mechanical properties and effectively tackling the challenges posed by ultrahigh-nickel layered cathodes. Compared with the traditional dry-doping method, our in situ doping approach possesses a more homogeneous and consistent modifying effect from the inside out, ensuring the uniform distribution of doping ions with large radius (Nb, Zr, W, etc). This mitigates the generally unsatisfactory substitution effect, thereby minimizing undesirable coating layers induced by different solubilities during the calcination process. Additionally, the uniformly dispersed ions from this in situ doping are beneficial for alleviating the two-phase coexistence of H2/H3 and optimizing the Li+concentration gradient during cycling, thus inhibiting the formation of intragranular cracks and interfacial deterioration. Consequently, the in situ doped cathodes demonstrate exceptional cycle retention and rate performance under various harsh testing conditions. Our optimized in situ doping strategy not only expands the application prospects of elemental doping but also offers a promising research direction for developing high-energy-density single-crystal cathodes with extended lifetime.

Like many other crops, the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) is of hybrid origin and has a polyploid genome that contains essentially complete sets of chromosomes from two ancestral species. Here we report the genome sequence of peanut and show that after its polyploid origin, the genome has evolved through mobile-element activity, deletions and by the flow of genetic information between corresponding ancestral chromosomes (that is, homeologous recombination). Uniformity of patterns of homeologous recombination at the ends of chromosomes favors a single origin for cultivated peanut and its wild counterpart A. monticola. However, through much of the genome, homeologous recombination has created diversity. Using new polyploid hybrids made from the ancestral species, we show how this can generate phenotypic changes such as spontaneous changes in the color of the flowers. We suggest that diversity generated by these genetic mechanisms helped to favor the domestication of the polyploid A. hypogaeaover other diploid Arachisspecies cultivated by humans.

High oil and protein content make tetraploid peanut a leading oil and food legume. Here we report a high-quality peanut genome sequence, comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models. We characterize gene functional groups implicated in seed size evolution, seed oil content, disease resistance and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The peanut B subgenome has more genes and general expression dominance, temporally associated with long-terminal-repeat expansion in the A subgenome that also raises questions about the A-genome progenitor. The polyploid genome provided insights into the evolution of Arachis hypogaeaand other legume chromosomes. Resequencing of 52 accessions suggests that independent domestications formed peanut ecotypes. Whereas 0.42–0.47 million years ago (Ma) polyploidy constrained genetic variation, the peanut genome sequence aids mapping and candidate-gene discovery for traits such as seed size and color, foliar disease resistance and others, also providing a cornerstone for functional genomics and peanut improvement.

This study presents an adaptive energy management control strategy developed by optimally adjusting the equivalent factor (EF) in real-time based on driving pattern recognition (DPR), to guarantee the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) can adapt to various driving cycles and different expected trip distances and to further improve the fuel economy performance. First, the optimization model for the EF with the battery state of charge (SOC) and trip distance were developed based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Furthermore, a methodology of extracting the globally optimal EF model from genetic algorithm (GA) solution is proposed for the design of the EF adaptation strategy. The EF as the function of trip distances and SOC in various driving cycles is expressed in the form of map that can be applied directly in the corresponding driving cycle. Finally, the algorithm of DPR based on learning vector quantization (LVQ) is established to identify the driving mode and update the optimal EF. Simulation and hardware-in-loop experiments are conducted on synthesis driving cycles to validate the proposed strategy. The results indicate that the optimal adaption EF control strategy will be able to adapt to different expected trip distances and improve the fuel economy performance by up to 13.8% compared to the ECMS with constant EF.

Effective synthesis of meta-stable materials challenging the thermodynamic limits will play a significant role in broadening the horizon in material designs and further explorations of their functionalities. Although d-band correlated rare-earth nickelate perovskites (ReNiO3) have achieved promising applications, e.g., metal-to-insulator transition, artificial intelligence, and memory/logical devices, the thermodynamic instability and high vacuum-dependence in material synthesis have largely caused bottlenecks in these applications. Herein we demonstrate a vacuum-free and low cost chemical route to effectively synthesize single-crystalline ReNiO3thin films that further promote their device applications. It achieves high flexibility and convenience by adjusting the A-site compositions within the perovskites viasingle (i.e.Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd), binary (i.e., Sm1−xNdxand Sm1−xEux) and triple (i.e.Sm1−x−yNdxEuyand Sm1−x−yNdxGdy) rare-earth elements. The respective regulations in electronic structures, as probed vianear edge X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, result in sharper metal-to-insulator transitions within a broad temperature range of 400 K, compared with their reported performances. Furthermore, we discover an overlooked thermistor transport behavior of ReNiO3within the binary A-site elements, which exhibits large temperature coefficients of resistance (>2%) across a broad range of temperatures (5–470 K). By overcoming the bottlenecks in material synthesis of ReNiO3, the present work profoundly paves the way for device fabrication.

The electrochemical engineering aspects of high aspect ratio cells, such as those used in in situ electrochemical scanning transmission microscopy (ec-S/TEM) were examined, focusing on aspects that could cause non-uniform current distribution. Having a uniform current distribution across the working electrode is important for any spectroelectrochemical technique in order to provide accurate electrochemical information as well as structural electrolyte-electrode interface information. An analytical model was developed to determine current density distribution and a Wagner number was derived for a small cell height with coplanar electrodes. The main assumptions of this analysis are: 1) mass transport effects are negligible, 2) a uniform potential distribution in the direction of the cell height due to their small size, and 3) the working electrode potential is constant across its length. With our analysis, the assumptions were found to be reasonable. In addition, the effect of the conductivity and thickness of the thin film electrode and its potential effect on current density distribution have been analyzed. Now, with this work, high aspect ratio cells with a small cell heights and coplanar thin electrodes can be analyzed to determine their current density distribution.

In this paper, we consider a predator–prey model with fear response delay, gestation delay, fear effect, prey refuge, harvesting and Crowley–Martin type functional response. First, we discuss the model without delays and corroborate the positivity and boundedness of the solution. Then, we give some sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of three equilibriums. For the model with delays, we not only analyze the local stability of the positive equilibrium and the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation, but also obtain the crossing curves to study the stability switches of the positive equilibrium on the delays plane. Furthermore, we calculate the normal form of Hopf bifurcation and hence get the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of bifurcated periodic solutions. At last, we support our findings by numerical simulations. • Considering the cost of fear into both reproduction and death term of prey. • Fear that influence birth and death rate of prey have similar impact on populations. • The stability crossing curve method is creatively applied to the model. • The model can exhibit stability switches on the delays plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]