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Background Neuroimmune communication plays an important role in allergic inflammation, but the neuroimmune regulation of allergic rhinitis remains unclear.Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the role of CD4-positive T lymphocyte (CD4+T cells) adhesion to D-U87 neuron-like cells in mediating allergic rhinitis CD4+T cell differentiation.Methods D-U87 neuron-like cells were derived from the human glioblastoma U87 cell line. CD4+T cells were isolated from human peripheral blood using a magnetic separation technique. In vitro coculture of D-U87 neuron-like cells and CD4+T cells was established. The number of adherent CD4+T cells was counted using a fluorescence microscope. The percentages of CD4+IFNγ+and CD4+IL4+T cells and the levels of IFNγ and IL4 cytokines in the supernatant were measured by flow cytometry.Results The results showed that the number of adherent CD4+T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. In allergic rhinitis, the percentage of CD4+IL4+T cells was significantly increased in the adherent group compared with that in the nonadherent group. Moreover, blocking ICAM1 and E-selectin decreased the number of adherent CD4+T cells and the percentage of CD4+IL4+T cells in allergic rhinitis.Conclusion Adhesion contributes to CD4+IL4+T cell differentiation in the in vitro coculture system of D-U87 neuron-like cells and allergic rhinitis CD4+T cells, which may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis.

Background Semaphrin3A (Sema3A) was found to play a major role in immune regulation in autoimmune diseases and to be of importance in allergic disease. However, the effect of Sema3A on allergic rhinitis (AR) is not fully clear.Objective We sought to elucidate the effects of Sema3A on the regulation of dendritic cells (DCs) and naive CD4+T cells in AR.Methods The expression of Sema3A in nasal mucosa was measured by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by the Ficoll-Hypaque method. DCs and naive CD4+T cells were purified by magnetic selection. A human Sema3A Fc chimera was added to DCs and naive CD4+T cells in vitro to evaluate the effect of Sema3A on the function of DCs and T cells. Labeling T cells with CFSE was used to determine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the DC maturation markers (CD40 and CD83) and T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) percentages. ELISA was used to detect the IL10, IL17, IL4, and IFN? cytokine levels.Results The expression of Sema3A in AR inferior turbinate tissue was lower than that in healthy control tissue. Compared with healthy control DCs, AR DCs showed decreased levels of the DC maturation markers CD40 and CD83 after Sema3A treatment. Furthermore, Sema3A decreased naive CD4+T cell proliferation in AR. In addition, Sema3A increased the percentage of Tregs but had no obvious effect on Th17 cells. Moreover, Sema3A significantly increased levels of IL10 and IFN?, and decreased level of IL4, but had no obvious effect on level of IL17.Conclusion AR presented with low expression of Sema3A in nasal mucosa, and Sema3A could decrease DC maturation, T cell proliferation, and Treg polarization.

Background The prevalence of both allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma is high throughout the world; their mutual influence on each other has been documented in many studies. However, studies regarding surgical intervention are limited.Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of endoscopic vidian neurectomy on bronchial asthma outcomes in patients with coexisting refractory allergic rhinitis and asthma.Methods A total of 109 patients with moderate to severe persistent intractable allergic rhinitis and mild/moderate asthma were allocated to the bilateral endoscopic vidian neurectomy group (group 1) or conservative medication group (group 2) according to the patients’ self-selection. The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Total Asthma Symptom Score, and medication scores were evaluated at six months, one year, and three years after undergoing the initial treatments. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine which triggers of asthma attacks were associated with improved asthma outcomes in patients.Results Ninety-five patients were followed up for at least three years. Postoperative scores of Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale were significantly lower than preoperative scores during follow-up in group 1 and were significantly lower than those of group 2. Postoperative scores of Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire at the three follow-up time points were higher than the preoperative scores in group 1. The Total Asthma Symptom Score was not significantly decreased in group 1. The medication scores for allergic rhinitis and asthma were gradually reduced after surgery. At the end of the follow-up, the improvement rates for allergic rhinitis and asthma were 90.6% and 45.3%, respectively. Asthma outcomes were significantly improved by controlling rhinitis symptoms in patients whose asthma attacks were induced by “rhinitis onset” or “weather change.”Conclusion Controlling allergic rhinitis symptoms by bilateral endoscopic vidian neurectomy can significantly improve asthma outcomes in patients whose asthma attacks are induced by rhinitis onset and/or cold air.