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AbstractPurposePlukenetia conophora(African walnut) is an edible seed, widely cultivated for its ethnomedicinal and nutritional purposes. Consumption of African walnuts has been linked with blood sugar lowering effect.ObjectiveThe effects of P. conophoraseed oil treatment on hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress were investigated in plasma, liver and kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and methodsPlukenetia conophoraseed oil (PCO) was obtained by extraction of pulverized dried seed in n-hexane. Diabetes was induced by STZ injection (65 mg/kg, i.p). Rats were assigned into non-diabetic control (NC) and diabetic control (DC; treated with vehicle), PCO (200 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was taken from overnight fasted animals on day 7 and 14, respectively. Plasma, liver and kidney samples were obtained on day 14 for the determination of oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD).ResultsPCO treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced STZ-induced hyperglycaemia by lowering the elevated FBS. PCO significantly reduced MDA level and attenuated STZ-induced depletion of GSH, catalase and SOD in the diabetic rats’ plasma, liver and kidneys.ConclusionsThese results suggest that consumption of Plukenetia conophoraseed might offer protection against diabetes-induced hepatic and renal damage.

AbstractAimsOxido-inflammatory stress has been implicated as the main targets in alleviating diabetic complications induced by hyperglycaemia. Dryopteris dilatata: a bioactive plant serves great medicinal benefits in ethnopharmacology to ameliorate pathological conditions. This study investigated the protective effects of ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata(EEDD) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats through mechanism involving inhibition of oxidative stress and liver and kidney inflammatory markers.MethodologyMale Wistar rats were made diabetic via alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) administration intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats were post-treated with EEDD (800 mg/kg) and Metformin (50 mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), body and organ weight change, markers of oxidative stress, liver and kidney inflammation were evaluated.ResultsOur results revealed that EEDD significantly reduced alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in the diabetic rats after 5, 10 and 15 days of treatment. Markers of oxidative injury were also significantly ameliorated in the pancreas, liver and kidney of the diabetic rats following treatment with EEDD. However, liver and kidney injury markers were significantly attenuated with marked decreased organ weight in the diabetic rats after treatment with EEDD.ConclusionHere in, we found that Dryopteris dilatatacould be used as nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its related complications through positively modulating oxidative stress and liver and kidney inflammatory markers

•DG prevents and reverses KET-induced schizophrenia behavior.•DG treatment modulates neurochemical changes in specific brain areas.•DG prevents loss of neurotrophic support after KET injection.•DG inhibits KET-induced neuroinflammation.