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Acetaminophen (ACT), a common drug pollutant, has been effectively removed from wastewater by a novel adsorbent called La/Th-MOF. This adsorbent is made of stacked nanorods of 2-methyl imidazole with lanthanum and thorium. La/Th-MOF, which is characterized by sophisticated techniques including SEM, XRD, and BET analysis, has a mesoporous assembly with a 1.23 nm pore size and a capacious surface area of 2226.93 m2/g, which facilitates effectual adsorption. The adsorption tests, which were impacted by factors such as pH levels, ACT concentration, and contact time, fit into a pseudo-second-order chemisorption kinetic model and with the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting homogenous monolayer adsorption. The material in question demonstrated a noteworthy maximum adsorption capability of 339.75 mg/g for ACT, indicating its probable as a feasible and economical adsorbent for the mitigation of pharmaceutical contamination in wastewater. Our results designate that pH levels have an important influence on the efficacy of ACT absorption by La/Th-MOF, with an acidic pH 5 environment being most favorable for maximal adsorption at a material dosage of 0.02 g. It was discovered that the adsorption procedure was endothermic. Using pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the Langmuir isotherm, which both fit the experimental data very well, to explain the adsorption kinetics. A chemisorption mechanism was found to be predominant throughout the process, as specified by the predicted adsorption energy of 22.62 kJ/mol. In addition, optimized the influencing parameters by using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM), which improved process efficiency. La/Th-MOF, has a remarkable half-life, as demonstrated by six rounds of adsorption and desorption without a discernible decline in performance. Research endeavors aimed at elucidating the interplay between La/Th-MOF and ACT hint to several plausible points of contact that could contribute to the adsorption procedure, such as hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, pore filling or electrostatic forces. This study, which is innovative in its use, reveals the exceptional efficacy of La/Th-MOF in wastewater purification using ACT extraction. An astounding 339.75 mg/g of optimal adsorption capability was attained at an acidic pH of 5. This highlights how the La/Th-MOF can be used in practice to treat pharmaceutical pollutants found in water sources.

Tetracycline antibiotic has been widely used in veterinary and aquafarming medicines to prevent and treat infectious diseases. However, the overall use of tetracycline results in its accumulation in the organism organs, which then migrates to food and eventually increases the risk of developing various diseases. As one of the most well-known contaminants, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) agricultural waste has been a serious problem worldwide. In order to develop luminous carbon dots doped with nitrogen (NCDs), a simple and environmentally friendly approach was devised to reprocess sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste. A passivating agent, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), was used during the hydrothermal carbonization of NCDs in a single-pot procedure. Carbon dots nanoparticles (5–8 nm) embedded in cellulose paper assay were used to prepare the testing strip. With an emission wavelength of 447 nm upon excitation at 355 nm and, NCDs displayed a quantum yield (QY) of up to 24.81%. As a result of the inner filter effect (IFE), the fluorescence of NCDs was clearly quenched by tetracycline, demonstrating their exceptional tetracycline selectivity. The detection limit was set in the concentration range of 0–110 μM. Tetracycline is detected and measured using the current cellulose paper strip, which contains a fluorescent signal that could be turned off to eliminate the signal. The fluorescence quenching feature of cellulose carbon dots in the existence of tetracycline affects the fluorescence activity of the paper strip assay.