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In keeping with our investigation, a simple and practical synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds with a sulfamoyl moiety that can be employed as insecticidal agents was reported. The compound 2-hydrazinyl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-2-thioxoacetamide 1was coupled smoothly with triethylorthoformate or a variety of halo compounds, namely phenacyl chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, chloroacetaldehyde, chloroacetone, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethyl chloroformate, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, and chloroanil respectively, which afforded the 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives. The new products structure was determined using elemental and spectral analysis. Under laboratory conditions, the biological and toxicological effects of the synthetic compounds were also evaluated as insecticides against Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.). Compounds 3and 5had LC50values of 6.42 and 6.90 mg/L, respectively. The investigated compounds (from 2to 11) had been undergoing molecular docking investigation for prediction of the optimal arrangement and strength of binding between the ligand (herein, the investigated compounds (from 2to 11)) and a receptor (herein, the 2CH5) molecule. The binding affinity within docking score (S, kcal/mol) ranged between −8.23 (for compound 5), −8.12 (for compound 3) and −8.03 (for compound 9) to −6.01 (for compound 8). These compounds were shown to have a variety of binding interactions within the 2CH5active site, as evidenced by protein–ligand docking configurations. This study gives evidence that those compounds have 2CH5-inhibitory capabilities and hence may be used for 2CH5-targeting development. Furthermore, the three top-ranked compounds (5, 3, and 9) and the standard buprofezin were subjected to density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energy difference (ΔE) of compounds 5, 3, and 9was found to be comparable to that of buprofezin. These findings highlighted the potential and relevance of charge transfer at the molecular level.

Graphical abstract:

Quinazoline compounds have gained significant attention in the fields of agriculture and chemistry due to their diverse activities. In this study, we focused on a series of quinazoline derivatives (4a–l). The objectives involved multiple aspects, including preparation, evaluation of their agricultural bioactivity against the maize aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), estimation of the structure–activity relationships (SAR), and conducting molecular docking analysis. The results of the agricultural bioactivities revealed that compound (4b) possesses the highest insecticidal activity, and the other compounds have good potential as insecticidal agents. We conducted the SARs and also molecular docking investigation to elucidate the binding modes and interactions of these compounds with target proteins relevant to the agricultural bioactivity. The docking results provided valuable information on the binding affinities and molecular interactions, aiding in the rationalization of the observed bioactivity trends. The enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was docked with the 12 synthetic compounds (4a–l). Among these compounds, (4b), (4i), and (4e)exhibited the highest binding affinity, with docking scores (S) of −7.96, −7.83, and −7.73 kcal/mol, respectively. They were followed by compounds (4d) (S = −7.57 kcal/mol), (4c) (S = −7.53 kcal/mol), (4g) (S = −7.34 kcal/mol), (4f) (S = −7.23 kcal/mol), (4h) (S = −7.14 kcal/mol), (4k) (S = −6.61 kcal/mol), (4j) (S = −6.57 kcal/mol), (4a) (S = −6.28 kcal/mol), and finally (4l) (S = −6.01 kcal/mol). These compounds were shown to have a variety of binding interactions within the 2ACE active site, as evidenced by protein–ligand docking configurations. This study gives evidence that those compounds have AChE-inhibitory capabilities and, hence, may be used for AChE-targeting development. Also, the findings in this study highlight the potential of these compounds as agricultural agents and provide valuable insights for the design and development of some quinazoline derivatives with enhanced bioactivity for crop protection.

In this study, we have employed a straightforward and easily synthesized ligand, namely 1,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrophthalazine-2(1H)-carbothioamide (DDPC), in conjunction with 8-hydroxyquinoline (QOL) to create new mixed-ligand complex compounds such as Co (II) (C1), Ni (II) (C2), and Cu (II) (C3). Recent research has been dedicated to investigating their antibacterial, antifungal, & anti-inflammatory efficacy. Our approach involved the synthesis and characterization of these novel C1, C2, and C3mixed-ligand complexes using various analytical methods, having elemental analysis, MS, FT-IR, UV spectroscopy, magnetic, TGA, and stoichiometry analysis by molar ratio methods. Octahedral structures were identified for isolated metal complexes. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT), we estimated the quantum chemical characteristics and optimized molecular structures for each compound. To evaluate their effectiveness in inhibiting the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, a disc diffusion test was conducted. The produced complex compounds displayed meaningfully improved antibacterial & antifungal effectiveness in comparison with the free ligands. Additionally, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects employing the Egg albumin denaturation method. C1, C2, and C3complexes demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory potential, surpassing the free ligands & showing analogous efficacy to standard references. Molecular docking analyses against 5JQ9 and 6CLV from Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and COX-2 (5IKT) as an anti-inflammatory effectiveness of enzymes confirmed the bioactivity. Among the tested compounds, C3exhibited the highest binding affinity, suggesting its potential as a building block for the development of new antibiotics. Finally, we correlated the DFT and molecular docking results with in vitroactivities and provided a comprehensive discussion.