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Pore waters and sediments were analysed in two gravity cores from the Çinarcik Basin and the southern shelf of the Marmara Sea. The sediments are organic-rich (1.1 and 1.3 wt% Corg) and have been deposited at rates of 1.9 and 0.45 m/ka, respectively. The oxic+suboxic zone is 0.50-0.80 m thick and the sulphate-methane interface (SMI; defined here as the depth at which pore-water sulphates diminish below 1 mM) is 3.4 and 2.4 metres below sea floor (mbsf) in the southern shelf and Çinarcik Basin cores, respectively. Changes in the phosphate and ammonium gradients suggest that the sulphate reduction occurs by simple microbial organic matter degradation. Steep sulphate gradients at both sites may suggest that a part of the sulphate reduction may occur by anaerobic methane oxidation.The flux computations, assuming a steady-state situation, show that the fluxes of sulphate, alkalinity, ammonium, phosphate and manganese near the top of the sediment column in the Çinarcik Basin are c. 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, 1.5 and 7.7 times greater than the respective fluxes in the southern shelf. In both cores, Mn²⁺ ions are released at 0.03-0.5 mbsf, and diffuse mainly upward. In the Çinarcik Basin core, a significant amount of dissolved Mn reprecipitates as Mn(IV) oxyhydroxides near the sediment top. Fe(II) produced from reduction of reactive Fe(III) minerals is precipitated as Fe sulphides in the sulphate reduction zone.Downward Mg flux into the sediments in the Çinarcik Basin is 2.5 times that in the southern shelf, whereas the Ca flux in both areas is similar, with a value of c. 26 mM m⁻² a⁻¹. The downward Ca and Mg fluxes are used in dolomite precipitation in the sediments near the SMI in both regions. The flux amounts and pore water profiles all indicate that the rates of early diagenetic reactions (sulphate reduction and probably AMO) in the Çinarcik Basin are considerably higher than those in the southern shelf. The differences between the two areas can be explained mainly by the considerably higher sedimentation rate in the former area.

AbstractAlkaloids and cytotoxic activity of two samples of Papaver dubiumsubsp. dubiumand one sample of P. dubiumsubsp. laevigatumhave been investigated. Berberine (1), thalifendine (2), corydine (3) and isocorydine (4) have been isolated from the first sample of P. dubiumsubsp. dubium.The second sample of this species yielded berberine (1), thalifendine (2), isocorydine (4), stylopine (5) and tetrahydropseudocoptisine (6) which was isolated for the first time as a natural product. The existence of roemerine (8), mecambrine (9) and allocryptopine (10) has been shown in P. dubiumsubsp.laevigatum.The tertiary extract of the latter showed high cytotoxicity.

Alkaloids and cytotoxic activity of two samples of Papaver dubium subsp. dubium and one sample of P. dubium subsp. laevigatum have been investigated. Berberine (1), thalifendine (2), corydine (3) and isocorydine (4) have been isolated from the first sample of P. dubium subsp. dubium. The second sample of this species yielded berberine (1), thalifendine (2), isocorydine (4), stylopine (5) and tetrahydropseudocoptisine (6) which was isolated for the first time as a natural product. The existence of roemerine (8), mecambrine (9) and allocryptopine (10) has been shown in P. dubium subsp.laevigatum. The tertiary extract of the latter showed high cytotoxicity.

In this study anti-klebsiella Ig A values were compared in 40 patients with definite diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis and a control group of 40 healthy subjects. Anti-Klebsiella Ig A antibody values were significantly higher in patients with ankylosing spondylitis as compared to the control group (p<0.001). Correlation between these antibodies and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, serum Ig A, HLA B 27, age, sex and disease duration was searched, but no correlation was found. In our opinion, these results support the suggestion that inflammatory response in ankylosing spondylitis is triggered by Klebsiella but is insufficient to prove the causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and Klebsiella.