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An acute and orally‐delivered toxic bait for wild pigs (Sus scrofa) containing sodium nitrite (SN) is being developed and tested for potential registration in the U.S. We evaluated oral toxicity of SN and risk of secondary consumption in a common avian scavenger, the turkey vulture (Carthartes aura), by 1) conducting an acute oral toxicity test (LD50) for turkey vultures by oral gavage, and 2) allowing turkey vultures to feed on whole carcasses and digestive tracts of wild pigs that died from consuming SN‐laden bait. Captive tests were conducted during fall 2016 and spring 2017 in the Wild Pig Research Facility at Kerr Wildlife Management Area, Hunt, Texas, USA. We estimated the LD50 of SN for turkey vultures at 659 mg/kg. None of the turkey vultures died or exhibited any symptoms of SN‐toxicity from consuming whole carcasses, or digestive tracts of wild pigs that were poisoned with SN. We concluded that the risks of secondary poisoning to turkey vultures are low, which agrees with previous work on another scavenger, the coyote (Canis latrans). Overall, we found no evidence to suggest that 2 common scavengers would be at risk of acute mortality from consuming wild pigs that were poisoned with SN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal imprinting and the quality of colostrum are crucial for high piglet performance. The addition of probiotics in the feed of pregnant and lactating sows can support a balanced microbiota in the digestive tract. Colostrum plays a key role in the development of the piglets' immune system. The addition of probiotics in the sows' feed can strengthen the piglets' immunity. The addition of probiotic live yeasts to the feeding of sows can have long-term effects on the health and performance of the piglets. A study has shown that the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 to the sows leads to a lower inflammatory reaction in the piglets after vaccination. Probiotics such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM-I-1079 offer interesting possibilities to support piglet quality and future performance. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Albéitar is the property of Grupo Asis Biomedia, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Comb jellies, also known as ctenophores, have the ability to merge into one individual if injured, without tissue rejection. Their nervous systems and digestive tracts also integrate and fuse together. This discovery could provide insights into the evolution of immune systems and nervous systems. The ctenophores' unique characteristics, such as their nerve net-like structure and ability to reverse their development, suggest that these features may have been present in the last common ancestor of all animals. Further research on ctenophores could help us understand processes related to tissue rejection, regeneration, and aging. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in Nature Communications has found that regenerating ocean worms called acoels manipulate the gene activity of the live-in algae they host during the process of regeneration. When the worms are injured, the algae's photosynthesis becomes less efficient, but the algae's photosynthesis genes become more active, potentially compensating for the loss. Understanding how hosts control their algal partners could help researchers manipulate algae within corals and restore lost interactions due to stress. This research provides valuable insights into the symbiotic relationship between animals and algae. [Extracted from the article]

A start-up called ArkeaBio has developed a prototype vaccine that reduces methane emissions from cow burps by 13%. Cattle produce methane as a byproduct of digesting grass and hay, making agriculture the largest source of human-caused methane pollution. The vaccine targets methane-producing bacteria in cows' digestive systems and has shown promising results in a trial, with no adverse side effects or disruption to growth rate. ArkeaBio aims to bring a commercial vaccine to market within three years, with the goal of reducing methane emissions by 15 to 20% per cow for at least 3 to 6 months. [Extracted from the article]

Jennifer Doudna, a biochemist and gene-editing pioneer, is working on using genetic editing to alter the microbiome in the digestive tract to prevent and treat diseases like childhood asthma and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cows. Doudna acknowledges the complexity of the microbiome, which contains thousands of different bacteria, viruses, and fungi, but believes that targeted genetic editing can have a more potent and specific effect than changing one's diet or taking probiotics. While there are still many unknowns and potential risks, Doudna and her team are conducting research to understand the microbiome's connection to various diseases and develop safe and effective methods of genetic editing. [Extracted from the article]

Lead poisoning from feeding on carcasses shot with lead‐based ammunition is a well‐known threat to wildlife. Thus, nonlead (e.g., copper‐based) ammunition is promoted as a safe alternative. We present a unique situation of a male California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) discovered with both a lead fragment and a copper bullet in his digestive tract simultaneously. We show that ingestion of a copper bullet did not result in elevated blood copper concentrations, while ingestion of a lead fragment contributed to lead toxicity. Our findings can inform nonlead ammunition outreach efforts by demonstrating that ingestion of a copper‐based bullet did not result in the poisoning of a California condor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lichtungen is the property of Lichtungen - Zeitschrift für Literatur, Kunst und Zeitkritik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tapeworms of Moniezia spp. are heteroxenous parasites and their adult forms occur in ruminants' alimentary tract. They steal a significant portion of hosts' nourishment initiating monieziasis, thereby inflicting economic losses in animal rearing. Despite their high economic importance, the molecular characterization and taxonomic status of these parasites have remained poorly understood. In the present study, cestodes were isolated from the sheep and goats' intestines and were stained with Gower's carmine. Upon careful evaluation of morphological characters, 2 species Moniezia denticulata and Moniezia expansa were identified. The genomic DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified targeting regions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 1–5.8S rRNA (ITS1–5.8S rRNA) genes followed by sequencing. The partial sequences of cox1 , SSU rRNA and ITS1–5.8S rRNA genes of M. denticulata generated in the present study revealed that even though they share high similarities with M. benedeni (93.2% cox1 ; 92.6% SSU rRNA; 84.70% ITS1–5.8S rRNA) and M. expansa (88.85% cox1 ; 92.27% SSU rRNA; 81.70% ITS1–5.8S rRNA), they are not identical to them. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, M. denticulata and M. expansa consistently appeared as distinct species from each other. The high values of pairwise divergence between these 2 species collected in the present study confirmed their separate identity. The present study reports the first molecular characterization of M. denticulata with reference to M. expansa infecting sheep and goats in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GET YOUR BEAUTY SLEEP Kidney function is regulated by your body's sleep-wake cycle, so it's not surprising that sleep deficit has been associated with a decline in kidney function. Specific foods Levinson says support your liver, kidneys, and GI tract: cruciferous vegetables for liver and gut health; garlic for liver, kidney, and gut health; and cranberries for kidney health. Here are the systems in your body that work together to take out the trash (that is, as a detox): YOUR LIVER The liver is the primary filter in your body. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of OM & Tiergesundheit is the property of Collect Publishing & Medical AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

4 The hair-like appendages that protrude from human sperm cells are known as what? 1 What name is given to the wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract? 3 What colour flame is produced when potassium is burned?. [Extracted from the article]

The Paleozoic radiodonts are important for understanding the evolution and ecology of early euarthropods. However, complete radiodont fossils are very rare, despite their central roles in understanding radiodont palaeobiology. Here we describe Innovatiocaris maotianshanensis gen. et sp. nov. in detail based on an iconic complete radiodont specimen from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of China. The head of I. maotianshanensis has a pair of stalked eyes, an ovate dorsal sclerite, a pair of frontal appendages composed of 11 distal articulated podomeres bearing spiky endites with only anterior auxiliary spines, and a putative triradial oral cone. The body possesses six anterior pairs of small differentiated neck flaps and 10 posterior pairs of trunk flaps, with soft tissues including alimentary canal and musculature preserved. The tail includes a tail fan comprising three pairs of lateral blades and a pair of very long furcae. Another two new species, Innovatiocaris? sp. and I.? multispiniformis sp. nov., are established based on the frontal appendages with different numbers of anterior auxiliary spines and are tentatively assigned to Innovatiocaris. Phylogenetic analysis retrieves Innovatiocaris as either a basal member of Hurdiidae or an early-branching lineage of the non-hurdiid clade. Thus, Innovatiocaris provides new insights into the radiodont phylogeny and illuminates the early diversification of Radiodonta. Supplementary material: Supplementary figures, a phylogenetic data matrix and a supplementary discussion are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6179300 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/advances-in-the-cambrian-explosion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of OM & Tiergesundheit is the property of Collect Publishing & Medical AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A recent study from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) has expanded the understanding of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically focusing on GLI1-rearranged tumors. These tumors exhibit diverse features and can be found in various parts of the GI tract, with some resembling gastroblastoma and others being pure mesenchymal neoplasms. The study highlights the discovery of monophasic keratin-positive epithelial neoplasms within this spectrum, showcasing a broader range of GLI1-rearranged tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Hospital Civil de Guadalajara in Jalisco, Mexico, explored the association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and lower urinary tract symptoms. The research found that patients with IBS had a higher prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms, which significantly impacted their quality of life. The study suggests that clinicians should consider referring patients with IBS and lower urinary tract symptoms for targeted management to improve their overall well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers have submitted a patent application for an obesity treatment device and method that aims to provide a less invasive and cost-effective alternative to traditional surgical weight loss procedures. The device, which spans the pylorus to slow gastric emptying, includes a stomach portion, pyloric portion, and duodenal portion designed to restrict the passage of food through the digestive tract. This innovation seeks to address the global obesity epidemic by offering a potentially more effective and accessible treatment option for individuals struggling with obesity. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Sewoon Medical Co. Ltd. in South Korea for a stent and method of manufacturing it, designed to minimize shortening during deployment in a lumen. The stent aims to maintain expansion force while reducing the shortening phenomenon, making it easier for users to perform stent procedures. The stent features a unique cylindrical structure with diamond patterns to address issues related to stenosis in lumens, particularly in arteries or alimentary canals. [Extracted from the article]

A Rutgers Health study found that individuals who took multiple courses of penicillin antibiotics had a slightly lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease, suggesting a complex relationship between gut bacteria and brain health. The study, published in Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, analyzed medical records from over 93,000 people in the UK. While the findings are intriguing, researchers caution that the associations were relatively small and should not impact medical decisions regarding antibiotic or antifungal use. Further research is needed to explore how gut microbes may influence Parkinson's risk and potential treatment options. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Federal University Santa Maria in Brazil explored the co-encapsulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and chrysin flavonoid, two antidepressant agents, using external ionic gelation. The research found that encapsulation was feasible, with high encapsulation efficiency and stability of the microparticles. The study suggested potential applications of these microparticles in food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical formulations, as well as in experimental models of depression. The research was peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland, introduces a refined method for estimating radiation doses to alimentary tract organs in nuclear medicine using pediatric and adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms. The research found that utilizing these phantoms led to more accurate dosimetry compared to stylized models, with noticeable differences in absorbed dose coefficients for certain radionuclides. The study concluded that this approach promises enhanced and more realistic dosimetry for alimentary tract organs, particularly beneficial for radiopharmaceuticals that accumulate in these organs. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw, Poland, focused on dysbiosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract in head-and-neck cancer survivors. The study compared microbiomes of the oral cavity, esophagus, and gastric corpus in patients with different risk profiles for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The research found differences in microbial communities between patients with functional dyspeptic symptoms and those who had undergone treatment for head and neck squamous cell cancer, suggesting a potential association between dysbiosis and cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A 67-year-old man with atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia (aCML) showed lack of efficacy with decitabine treatment and experienced digestive tract side effects from off-label use of selinexor. Despite initial improvement with hydroxycarbamide, his condition worsened with decitabine, leading to a diagnosis of progressive disease. The patient refused stem cell transplantation and opted for selinexor, which initially caused side effects but ultimately resulted in partial improvement after eight cycles of combination therapy with azacitidine. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a patent issued to Hoya Corporation for an electronic endoscope system developed by inventor Makino, Takao. The system aims to efficiently acquire information about the imaging place of a still image without using a dedicated sensor in the endoscope. By associating place information with the still image, the system allows for better observation and inspection of lesion areas in living tissue, such as those found in ulcerative colitis. The technology described in the patent seeks to improve the imaging process and reduce the complexity of device configuration in endoscopy procedures. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Columbia University examines trends in thoracic surgery training among general surgery residents in the United States over the past twenty years. The study found an increase in thoracic surgery experience, particularly in minimally invasive procedures, reflecting the overall shift towards minimally invasive surgery in the field. The changes in training were attributed to factors such as work hour restrictions, emphasis on minimally invasive surgery, and increased subspecialization of training. This research provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of thoracic surgery training in the modern integrated cardiothoracic residency era. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences compared liver fibrosis in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. The research found that diabetic patients had a higher severity of liver fibrosis compared to prediabetic patients. Both groups showed a significant relationship between liver fibrosis and HbA1C levels, with prediabetes also being associated with an elevated risk of liver fibrosis. The study did not find a statistically significant relationship between liver fibrosis and age, sex, body mass index, ALT, and ALKP in either group. [Extracted from the article]

Scientists at Stanford University in California have developed a method using a common food dye to make mice transparent, allowing researchers to see inside their bodies. By removing the fur from the mice and coating their skin with a mixture of water and tartrazine, a yellow food dye, the scientists were able to observe the animals' internal organs and systems. While the technique has not been tested on humans, researchers are hopeful that it could eventually assist doctors in diagnosing internal injuries or locating veins in patients. [Extracted from the article]

A new kind of paint goes on easily, dries quickly—and peels right off when you're ready for a new look. Unpaint, which is made in Colombia and comes in more than 5,000 colors, is great for people who rent homes and aren't allowed to permanently change their walls.Unpaint is applied like a regular paint and can be used on walls, furniture, and other surfaces. To remove it, you pinch a corner of the paint and gently peel it off. It's made with natural and renewable ingredients and biodegrades (breaks down) on its own. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Devices And Methods For Tissue Retraction" was published online by inventors from Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. The application focuses on tissue retraction devices and methods to improve tissue visualization and manipulation during surgical procedures. The patent application describes various aspects of a tissue retractor system, including components like elongate flexible elements, tissue fasteners, and delivery catheters. The system aims to address challenges in dissecting lesions within narrow body passages, such as the digestive tract, by enhancing target tissue visualization and manipulation. [Extracted from the article]

Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. has been issued a patent for expandable devices, systems, and methods aimed at improving surgical dissection within narrow body passages. The patent, filed in 2022 and published in 2024, outlines various aspects of expandable devices for body lumens, including a filament with segments forming a helical shape, self-expanding leaves for scaffolding within body lumens, and methods for forming a scaffold using segments along a filament. The patent aims to increase access and visibility of target tissues while reducing complications, procedure time, and complexity in surgical procedures. [Extracted from the article]

Research from George Mason University focuses on the readability of health educational materials, particularly in cancer education, to enhance dissemination and literacy, especially for minoritized populations. The study introduces Simplified Digestive Cancer (SimpleDC), a corpus of cancer education materials for text simplification research. The research explores various methods, including reinforcement learning, to improve the understandability and accessibility of health information, emphasizing the importance of effective prevention and screening education in reducing morbidity and mortality. The findings suggest that reinforcement learning methodologies can effectively train simplification models on unlabeled text and adapt out-of-domain simplification corpora, offering valuable insights for patient education simplification. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Indonesia focused on colon-targeted delivery dosage forms for probiotics in pharmaceutical science. The study highlighted the importance of encapsulation in protecting probiotics and delivering them to specific sites in the colon for colonization. The researchers discussed various dosage forms used for colon-targeted delivery systems and emphasized the need for advancements in maintaining probiotic viability and specific release in the colon. The study concluded with future perspectives on potential dosage forms for effective probiotic delivery. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. for devices and methods for tissue retraction. The patent describes a tissue retractor system that improves tissue visualization and manipulation during surgical dissection procedures. The system includes an elongate flexible element that can transition between a constrained configuration and a bowed configuration, as well as a tissue fastener with movable jaws. The patent provides various embodiments and configurations for the tissue retractor system. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for a firing mechanism and stapler designed to prevent accidental firing. The inventors, Cao, Yuanyang, Huang, Xueqian, and Shan, Teng, explain that the stapler is commonly used in surgical procedures to suture tissues in the digestive tract. However, there is a risk of accidental firing before the operation begins, which can have negative consequences for the patient. The firing mechanism and stapler described in the patent aim to solve this problem by incorporating a stopping groove and a pin post that prevents the firing handle from rotating until the pin post is released. The patent was assigned to Touchstone International Medical Science Co. Ltd. in China. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital in Yokohama, Japan, examined the safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) for focal liver lesions in patients with ascites. Ascites is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, which can make percutaneous liver biopsy risky. The study found that EUS-TA allowed for biopsy without the need to intervene with ascites in most cases, and the incidence of adverse events did not significantly differ between patients with and without ascites. This research provides valuable insights into a safer alternative for obtaining tissue samples in patients with ascites and focal liver lesions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Henan University of Science and Technology in China have published a new study on digestive tract cancer. The study focuses on the dysregulation of lysine acetylation in the pathogenesis of digestive tract cancers and its potential clinical applications. Lysine acetylation, a reversible post-translational modification, plays a role in regulating cellular processes such as transcription, cell cycle progression, and metabolic functions. The researchers highlight the importance of identifying novel biomarkers for early detection and effective therapeutic targets for these types of cancers. Further analysis is needed to better understand the role of lysine acetylation in digestive tract cancers. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for an intragastric device developed by Reshape Lifesciences Inc. The device is a volume-occupying balloon that can be inserted into the stomach by swallowing it, providing a feeling of fullness and reducing caloric intake. Unlike other devices, this device does not require invasive procedures or surgery. It can be inflated through a chemical reaction or by electrical or mechanical means, and deflation can be time-dependent or on-demand. The device aims to provide a noninvasive method for weight control and treating obesity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China examined the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pancreatic metastases. The study found that pancreatic metastasis is rare and often goes unnoticed. The most common primary tumor sites were the lung and kidney, with clear cell renal carcinoma being the most common histological type. The overall survival of patients with pancreatic metastases varied depending on the primary tumor type and the timing of metastasis. The study provides valuable insights for reducing misdiagnosis and guiding treatment decisions. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the impact of chronic infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii on visceral nociception, or the perception of pain in the internal organs. The study, conducted on mice, found that T. gondii infection decreased visceral nociceptive responses through opioid signaling. Despite the presence of immune cells in the colon of infected mice, the involvement of T cell-derived enkephalins in hypoalgesia was ruled out. These findings suggest that T. gondii infection may be negatively associated with abdominal pain. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. has been issued a patent for systems, methods, and devices for connecting non-adherent structures. The patent describes a system for forming an anastomosis, or connection, between different sections of the digestive tract. The system includes an optical scope device, a capture device, a first flexible element, and a stent. The invention aims to address challenges associated with performing endoscopic gastroenterostomy procedures. The patent was filed on February 1, 2021, and published online on September 10, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for a closure driving mechanism and surgical stapler developed by Touchstone International Medical Science Co. Ltd. The invention aims to address issues with traditional closure driving mechanisms, such as complex structures and the movement of the pulling sheet during firing. The new mechanism locks the position of the closure driver when the stapler is closed, preventing the pulling sheet from moving distally. After firing, the closure driver is automatically unlocked, allowing the cartridge and anvil to open. This patent provides a potential solution for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of surgical staplers used in digestive tract surgeries. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. for systems, suture devices, and methods for tissue closure. The patent describes various embodiments of a suture device and an endoscopic medical device that can be used for closing openings in tissue during surgical procedures. The devices include anchor components and a suture that can be deployed from the devices to engage with target tissue. The patent provides detailed descriptions of the devices and methods for their use. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health explores the impact of stress on the mucosal membranes of the digestive tract. The study highlights the relevance of understanding the morphological and functional alterations in the digestive tract caused by stress. The research emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment methods for related problems and improving the quality of life for individuals experiencing stress. The study concludes that stress can lead to digestive disorders and exacerbate existing conditions. For more information, the full article can be accessed through the Consilium Medicum journal. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine have developed a drug delivery system using glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a compound known for its self-assembly properties. The study focused on the effects of the GA self-assembled drug delivery system on the solubility, stability, and release of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. The findings suggest that the GA system enhances solubility and stability, slows drug release, and exhibits enteric-like characteristics in different physiological environments. This research has the potential to improve the bioavailability of drugs by influencing their biopharmaceutical properties. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research findings on the central nervous system (CNS) and the emerging roles of bile acids (BAs) and the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in the CNS. Bile acids are cholesterol derivatives synthesized in the liver and play a role in lipid uptake during digestion. While most BAs are reabsorbed and recycled back to the liver, some progress to other tissues through the bloodstream, including the CNS. BAs have been tested as treatments for CNS pathologies and have shown neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. The review explores the molecular functions of BAs, their sources in the CNS, their signaling through the TGR5 receptor, and their potential as therapeutics for neuropathologies. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study that aimed to understand the structure and composition of the haematopoietic tissue (HT) in the common boa (Boa constrictor). The researchers examined the HT in healthy individuals and those affected by Boid Inclusion Body Disease (BIBD), a reptarenavirus-associated disease in boid snakes. The study found that the HT in boas is dominated by T cells and lacks a clear structural organization. BIBD was associated with higher cellularity and a granulomatous response in the spleen, as well as the presence of virus-infected haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of Al-Qadisiyah examined the effects of formalin vapor exposure on the liver and kidney of quails. The study found that formalin, a highly toxic chemical, caused significant damage to these organs. The quails were exposed to formalin vapor for varying durations, and the results showed increased levels of blood creatinine, urea, and uric acid, as well as liver enzyme levels. Histopathological analysis revealed changes in the kidney and liver tissues, indicating damage and reduced functioning. This research highlights the potential toxicity of formalin vapor inhalation in quails. [Extracted from the article]