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Severe headache, a hallmark of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), affects up to 90% of patients during hospitalization. Opioids remain the guideline recommended mainstay of acute therapy despite their significant side effects and potential for tolerance and addiction. We evaluated time trends in opioid prescriptions, hypothesizing a decline with increasing recognition of the opioid crisis.

In industry 4,0, the establishment of an interconnected environment where human operators cooperate with the machines offers the opportunity for substantially improving the ergonomics and safety conditions of the workplace. This topic is discussed in the paper referring to the vibration risk, which is a well-known cause of work-related pathologies. A wearable device has been developed to collect vibration data and to segment the signals obtained in time windows. A machine learning classifier is then proposed to recognize the worker’s activity and to evaluate the exposure to vibration risks. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the methodology proposed.

The Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) is an active volcanic system characterized by significant long‐ and short‐term ground deformation phenomena ranging the maxima values in the central sector of the caldera, where La Starza marine terrace is located. A detailed study of the La Starza provided crucial clues for understanding the resurgence of the central sector of the caldera following the 15‐ka Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption. The doming of the caldera floor, marked by two primary episodes of uplift, began soon after the collapse of about 110 m following the eruption. The first doming (15–9.2 ka) occurred as a response to loss of lithostatic loading producing magma influx, possibly regulated by thermal magmatic convection and chaotic movement inside the magma reservoir under the caldera. The calculated ~90 m of structural uplift is the persistent displacement correlated with magma volumes intruded accompanying the contemporaneous volcanic activity. The second episode of uplift (5.5–3.8 ka) produced a ground deformation pattern similar to that measured during recent unrest crises suggesting a stable and shallow (~4‐km deep) source of strain like a sill in an elastic half space. By this geometry and inversion of surface deformation, the volume of intruded material was determined. Simply varying pressure history as input, the time history of the surface deformation was reproduced by using spherical source geometry with a concentric viscoelastic shell 8‐km deep. The satisfactory comparison between the two models is a useful indication for interpreting the current unrest phase at the Campi Flegrei caldera. Caldera‐forming eruptions may reflect either large magma bodies that are ephemeral and develop only rarely or eruption of silicate melt that is relatively dispersed rather than concentrated in a single magmatic mass. In the last 15 ka Campi Flegrei caldera produced a large eruption, the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff 15,000 years ago, and many smaller eruptions. Contemporary Ground deformation occurred ranging for hundreds of meters suggesting accumulation of large mass of magma at shallow depth. The historical eruption of Monte Nuovo (1538) is the only one in the last 2,000 years, since the Romans permanently occupied the area: a very poor performance if it is associated with the previous sequences. In the last decades a slow lifting is affecting the area (which is going up since 15,000 years): a natural warning has been launched and the community has been alerted. Recent unrest crises and ground deformation episodes of the last millennia are characterized by similar deformation mechanismsUpward migration of magma is a potential driver of resurgence characterized by doming constituted by multiple unrest culminating in eruptionsModeled ground deformation time histories reveal viscoelastic properties of the materials surrounding sources

Charge iteration is a procedure for the computation of unbounded electrostatic fields induced by voltaged conductors. It is based on the iterative improvement of a Dirichlet condition on a fictitious boundary enclosing all the conductors. In this paper the improvement is shown to be equivalent to the use of Richardson's method on a reduced system. A conspicuous reduction in computational and memory requirements is achieved by means of GMRES acceleration on this reduced system.

Aims.This is a contribution to the debate over the 2011 English riots from a psychosocial perspective.Methods.We compare the impulsive and ‘mindless’ behaviour of rioters with the impulsive, violent and contradictory behaviour of people affected by severe personality disorders.Results.We propose that the lack of a sense of social identity and of mentalization skills is a common feature of the two conditions – the lack of social identity, leading to frustration and anger, coupled with a lack of mentalization, leading to the impulsive and violent expression. Furthermore, we highlight the confusing impact that the social marginalization and consumerism can have on young generations from lower classes in cities from the Western world.Conclusions.By building a parallel with the therapeutic intervention offered to severe personality disorders, we speculate on how the community, by modifying its communication's style and actively intervene in deprived socio-economic contexts, could inspire more confidence, trust and sense of belonging in its marginalized members.

AbstractSix different breeding blanket concepts will be tested in ITER under the form of six different Test Blanket Modules (TBMs). In the frame of the activities of the European TBM Consortium of Associates the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB-TBM) and the Helium Cooled Lithium Lead (HCLL) Test Blanket Modules are developed in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and in CEA Saclay respectively. For each EU TBM concept, four different TBMs will be installed into one dedicated ITER equatorial port and tested during different test campaigns. The main goal of the ITER TBM program is providing DEMO relevant experimental data for the three main functions of a blanket module of a future fusion reactor, namely removing heat, breeding tritium and shielding sensitive components from radiation.The two EU TBMs share a common external structure (the so called TBM box) while featuring a different internal design of the Breeder Units (BUs), reflecting the different breeding concept. The preliminary design assessment of the two TBMs boxes is based on nuclear analyses and on the evaluation of the power produced in the BU and deposed on the TBM box structures. The preliminary thermomechanical designs have been presented and are based on steady state analyses.The TBMs will work under ITER loads, i.e. cyclic loads defined by the typical ITER pulses. Transient thermal and mechanical analyses of the two EU TBMs under a typical ITER pulse are presented in this paper, identifying the main design issues related to: structural behavior of the TBM box, codes and standard rules for assessing the TBM box integrity, TBM operational domain and related DEMO relevancy of the experimental campaign. Solutions to improve the weak structural points of the present designs are proposed, identifying the missing rules and the modelling development needs.

Mit vulkanologischen, morphologischen, paläökologischen und geoarchäologischen Daten wurde die Entwicklung der vulkanischen Inseln Procida-Vivara für die letzten 75.000 Jahre rekonstruiert.Die spätpleistozäne Entwicklung wurde durch mindestens acht submarine pyroclastische Ausbrüche gesteuert, deren Zentren sich dextral verschoben und 18.000 BP endeten. Marine Terrassen, Wellenkerben, infralittorale Mikrofossilien sowie drei Paläooberflächen mit Böden dokumentieren drei Hebungsphasen. Diese überlappen mit den holozänen Meeresspiegelschwankungen und bewirken zwei Perioden an Höhenkonstanz. Eine letzte Phase, belegt durch Ablagerungen von pyroclastischen Sedimenten aus Ischia und den Phlegreischen Feldern, beginnt im mittleren Holozän und es entwickelte sich ein flaches Relief und ein Tombolo.Archäologische Studien und Bohrungen belegen eine Lagune und Marschland hinter einem sandigen Tombolo. Diese bildeten sich nach einer Hebungsphase zwischen der griechisch-römischen Periode und dem 15-16. Jahrhundert und wurden bis ins 20. Jahrhundert mit marinen und kontinentalen Sedimenten aufgefüllt.Letztlich zeigen die Untersuchungen, dass Procida-Vivara im Untersuchungszeitraum durch vertikale vulkanotektonische Bewegungen beeinflusst wurde, die unabhängig von den angrenzenden Sektoren von Ischia und den Phlegreischen Feldern abliefen.

Abstract We here present and discuss the results of the analysis and qualitative interpretation of two magnetic surveys performed in the Bay of Naples in 1998 and 2000. A map of the Bay of Naples based on the data acquired during these surveys has already been published by the Italian CNR-IAMC Research Institute. We re-processed the same data to produce maps of the pole reduced, analytic signal and horizontal derivative data and correlated them with the bathymetry and the gravimetric data of the area. The analysis shows strong anomalies in the NW and NE volcanic areas of the Bay of Naples, while the central area seems magnetically quiet. In the Phlegrean area the maps clearly show the southern rim of the Phlegrean caldera and demonstrate that while the Magnaghi Canyon is correlated to gravimetric highs and magnetic structures, and can therefore be interpreted as an active lineament, most of Dohrn Canyon is not characterized by volcanic activity and does not correlate to any gravimetric or magnetic structures. An important round-shaped magnetic anomaly is for the first time identified in the central slope of the gulf between the two canyons, probably correlated to a large buried volcanic edifice. In the Vesuvian area some intense circular anomalies, aligned in the NNW–SSE direction, are localized in the Torre del Greco and Torre Annunziata offshore, related to the submerged part of Vesuvius and possibly connected to buried vents.

One hundred ninety L-dopa-treated parkinsonian patients have been studied according to the age at onset and to age at last examination. The frequency of major mental disturbances was significantly higher in patients older than 60 years, whereas abnormal involuntary movements and on-off phenomenon were more frequent in patients with onset before age 60. The association of normal aging and of Parkinson's disease may be responsible for the prevalence of mental disease in older patients.

Sixty-seven parkinsonian patients and 44 control subjects were tested for cognitive function and motor performance, using reaction times and movement times. Parkinsonian subjects did significantly worse in tests that required visuoperceptual and perceptual motor abilities, such as Object Assembly, Block Design, and Zazzo's test. Analysis of covariance of test scores showed that Block Design and Object Assembly scores were not significantly different between patients and controls when adjusted for reaction and movement times. Also, reaction and movement times were more delayed in parkinsonian patients than in controls. These results stress the main role of motor dysfunction in visuospatial and perceptual motor impairment.

Examines the association of increased fruit and vegetable consumption to an decreased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. Effect of antioxidant nutriture on disease risk; Nutritional amounts in the supplementation of antioxidant vitamins; Health benefits from an antioxidant intervention.

A generic coupling method between a multi-physics workflow engine and an optimization framework is presented in this paper. The coupling architecture has been developed in order to preserve the integrity of the two frameworks. The objective is to provide the possibility to replace a framework, a workflow or an optimizer by another one without changing the whole coupling procedure or modifying the main content in each framework. The coupling is achieved by using a socket-based communication library for exchanging data between the two frameworks. Among a number of algorithms provided by optimization frameworks, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have demonstrated their efficiency on single and multiple criteria optimization. Additionally to their robustness, GAs can handle non-valid data which may appear during the optimization. Consequently GAs work on most general cases. A parallelized framework has been developed to reduce the time spent for optimizations and evaluation of large samples. A test has shown a good scaling efficiency of this parallelized framework. This coupling method has been applied to the case of SYCOMORE (SYstem COde for MOdeling tokamak REactor) which is a system code developed in form of a modular workflow for designing magnetic fusion reactors. The coupling of SYCOMORE with the optimization platform URANIE enables design optimization along various figures of merit and constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]