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Damage to DNA is especially important for aging. High DNA repair could contribute, in principle, to lower such damage in long-lived species. However, previous studies showed that repair of endogenous damage to nuclear DNA (base excision repair, BER) is negatively or not correlated with mammalian longevity. However, we hypothesize here that mitochondrial, instead of nuclear, BER is higher in long-lived than in short-lived mammals. We have thus measured activities and/or protein levels of various BER enzymes including DNA glycosylases, NTHL1 and NEIL2, and the APE endonuclease both in total and mitochondrial liver and heart fractions from up to eight mammalian species differing by 13-fold in longevity. Our results show, for the first time, a positive correlation between (mitochondrial) BER and mammalian longevity. This suggests that the low steady-state oxidative damage in mitochondrial DNA of long-lived species would be due to both their lower mitochondrial ROS generation and their higher mitochondrial BER. Long-lived mammals do not need to continuously maintain high nuclear BER levels because they release less mitROS to the cytosol. This can be the reason why they tend to show lower nuclear BER values. The higher mitochondrial BER of long-lived mammals contributes to their superior longevity, agrees with the updated version of the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging, and indicates the special relevance of mitochondria and mitROS for aging.

AbstractIn 1924, the League of Nations created a Temporary Commission on Slavery. For the first time in the organization’s history, a black person, the Haitian Dantès Bellegarde, was called to form part of a commission as an expert. This article explores Bellegarde’s role on the Commission. The Haitian expert showed himself to be the most radical of the members of that body. Although imbued with the hierarchical and evolutionary ideas in which all the work of the League was framed, Bellegarde was able to offer a serious critique of the colonial government, rarely heard at the League, centered on the issue of denouncing forced labour. In doing so, Bellegarde demonstrated a deep commitment to follow through on the promises of liberal internationalism about the need to enable colonial subjects, particularly in Africa, to develop their capacities for self-government.

The article describes the implementation of the ESEF format in the European Union, highlighting its conceptual origin and its importance for accounting harmonization and taxonomy. ESEF, or European Single Electronic Format, is a requirement of ESMA/AEVM that changed the way annual financial reports are issued by publicly traded companies starting in 2020. This format can also be optionally used by companies that present their annual accounts in a consolidated manner. The implementation of ESEF aims to increase transparency in regulated markets in the European Union, improve comparability of financial reports, and enable automated analysis of financial information. [Extracted from the article]

Indigenous animal genetic resources should be preserved because of their well adaptation to the environment, their tolerance to low food availability and their sociocultural importance. The characterization of the quality of the products generated by heritage breeds may bring more arguments to encourage the raising of these animals. This study aimed at evaluating the egg performance and quality of Spanish indigenous Black Castellana (BC) breed as compared with a selected strain (Lohmann LSL-Classic). Four groups of 30 hens were arranged: 1) Lohmann hens fed a control diet; 2) BC hens fed the control diet; 3) Lohmann hens fed a diet including linseed at 70 g/kg (omega-3 diet); 4) BC hens fed the omega-3 diet. Egg production was higher by 12.3% for Lohmann hens but, since BC eggs were heavier by 15.4%, no effect of genetics was found on daily egg mass. Feed intake was higher by 5.0% for BC hens. Nonetheless, no difference was detected for feed conversion ratio. Eggshell was thicker by 6.78% in Lohmann eggs. Haugh units did not differ among freshly laid and stored eggs in Lohmann hens, whereas Haugh units decreased in stored BC eggs (80.5 vs. 76.7 vs. 72.3 at 0, 14, and 30 d of storage). Yolks of BC eggs contained less fat (57.5 vs. 60.8% DM), more protein (32.8 vs. 31.9% DM) and more cholecalciferol (1.25 vs. 1.22 μg/g DM), and showed lower proportion of saturated fatty acids (29.0 vs. 37.0%) and higher proportions of monounsaturated (45.7 vs. 39.6%) and polyunsaturated (25.2 vs. 23.4%) fatty acids. Feeding the omega-3 diet reduced the yolk proportions of saturated (32.5 vs. 33.5%) and monounsaturated (42.0 vs. 43.3%) fatty acids and increased those of polyunsaturated (25.4 vs. 23.2%) and ω-3 (7.05 vs. 2.42%) fatty acids. No effect due to genetics or diet was found on yolk color score or on yolk content in cholesterol, cobalamin, retinol and γ-tocopherol. This study represents the first exhaustive characterization of eggs from Spanish indigenous Black Castellana breed.

Wastewater (WW) reuse has been identified as an alternative with the potential to reduce the pressure of irrigated agriculture on water resources. However, the limitation of WW reuse in agriculture is its poor quality. Thus, it is recommended to pretreat WW prior to their application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and sanitary quality of kales irrigated with effluent from domestic wastewater treated in vertical anaerobic filters. The performance of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was evaluated by analyzing the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), potassium (K) and fecal coliforms (Escherichia coli) in the influent and treated wastewater (TWW). Kale cultivation was performed in conventional (CCS) and vertical cultivation systems (VCS) in two cycles. Three treatments were used: T1, 100% TWW; T2, 100% of underground well water (UWW); and T3, 50% TWW and 50% UWW. The number of matured leaves (NML), commercial leaves fresh mass (CLFM) per plant, commercial leaves length (CLL) and sanitary quality of leaves were determined. The WWTP performed satisfactorily, providing TWW with acceptable quality for reuse in crop irrigation, with EC, TN, TP and K significantly below than that observed in influent. The NML, CLFM and CLL per plant were high in the T1 both for CCS and VCS, and significantly different than T2 in the cycle 2. The VCS had highest productivity and irrigation water use efficiency than CCS in both cycles. These observations highlight the positive benefits of application WW in irrigation crops.

The article focuses on Accounting and Auditing Institute (ICAC), as the responsible authority of the public supervision system for account auditing in Spain and role in different international organizations. It mentions responsibility and participation in international cooperation mechanisms in the scope of the audit activity and European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG). It also mentions Council is the competent body for approve the audited financial statements.

Background: Early specialized palliative care improves quality of life of patients with advanced cancer, and guidelines encourage its integration into standard oncology care. However, many patients fail to obtain timely palliative/supportive care evaluations, particularly in limited-resource settings. We aimed to determine the proportion of patients with advanced cancer who received an assessment of symptoms and were referred to supportive and palliative care services during the first year after diagnosis in a Mexican hospital.Methods: Individuals with newly diagnosed advanced solid tumors and 1 year of follow-up at the oncology clinics in the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiranin Mexico City from October 2015 to April 2016 were included in this retrospective study.Results: Seventy-seven patients were included. Forty-two (54.5%) were referred to the various supportive care services during the first year after diagnosis, and 23 (29.8%) were referred to the palliative care clinic. The most commonly assessed symptoms by oncologists were pain (77.9%), anorexia (74.0%), fatigue (68.8%), and nausea (55.8%), while depression/anxiety were evaluated in 10 (12.9%) patients. The oncologist offered to clarify treatment goals in 39 (50.6%) cases and evaluated the understanding of diagnosis/illness and prognosis in 22 (28.5%).Conclusion: Palliative and supportive care services were widely underutilized, which may be related to a lack of standardized symptom assessments and poor end-of-life communication. Novel strategies are needed to improve the implementation of tools for systematic symptom assessment and to optimize the integration of supportive care interventions into oncology care in developing countries.

La enfermedad de Fahr es una entidad poco frecuente producida por la calcificación de los ganglios basales y otras estructuras cerebrales, que cursa con alteraciones del movimiento, alteraciones cognitivas y síntomas psiquiátricos. A propósito de ello exponemos el caso de un paciente con enfermedad de Fahr que inicialmente fue diagnosticado y tratado de depresión, pero debido a su evolución desfavorable, se sospecha de un posible origen orgánico. Tras la realización de un TAC, se descubren calcificaciones en los ganglios de la base que ayudan a orientar el diagnóstico. Proponemos hacer una revisión del diagnóstico diferencial de las principales etiologías que pueden cursar con una clínica similar, debido a la calcificación de los ganglios basales, dado que el pronóstico y tratamiento puede diferir mucho según la etiología.

Hydrogen geo-storage could be the large-scale solution needed for a hydrogen economy. Biological factors have been considered but mainly in terms of hydrogen-metabolising microbes. We demonstrate consistently the direct influence of underground biofilm formation on the wettability of sandstone reservoirs. The biofilm, formed by incubation with cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. in seawater, increases the advancing and receding brine contact angles on water-wet quartz. The angles decrease only slightly on oil-wet quartz surfaces even though biomass accumulation is more significant. We formulate an explanation using Cassie's approach to heterogeneous surfaces, taking into account the predominant surface chemical groups. Wettability strongly affects the distribution, trapping and mobility of phases (brine and hydrogen) inside the rock formation. Our results, obtained at typical reservoir conditions (25–50 °C, 3–130 bar), are relevant to understanding and assessing hydrogen injectivity, withdrawal rates, storage capacity and containment security. This fundamental research supports the development of an industrial-scale decarbonized hydrogen economy.

Evaluar la utilización y efectividad de la estrategia invasiva de rutina (EIR) en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación de ST con disfunción renal en el mundo real.

La hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP) es causa importante de morbimortalidad en la esclerosis sistémica (ES). Su evolución es peor que en la HAP idiopática, pero el pronóstico mejora si se diagnostica precozmente. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el resultado de un programa de cribado para el diagnóstico de hipertensión pulmonar (HP) desarrollado en una cohorte de pacientes españoles con ES.

This article discusses the creation and establishment of land and capital taxes in rural regions of Argentina during the period from 1958-1976. The author comments on the reforms implemented by the Argentine government regarding the taxation system, particularly as it regarded land use and ownership. He notes that special focus was given to agricultural land reform as a consequence of fiscal and economic troubles in the country at the time. The impact of these rural lands in stagnating much needed industrialization is also explored.

The geomicrobiological characterization of Río Tinto, an extreme acidic environment, has proven the importance of the iron cycle, not only in generating the extreme conditions of the habitat (low pH, high concentration of toxic heavy metals) but also in maintaining the high level of microbial diversity detected in the water column and the sediments. The extreme conditions detected in the Tinto basin are not the product of industrial contamination but the consequence of the presence of an underground bioreactor that obtains its energy from the massive sulfide minerals of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). To test this hypothesis, a drilling project (IPBSL) to intersect ground waters interacting with the mineral ore is under way, to provide evidence of subsurface microbial activities. A dedicated geophysical characterization of the area selected two drilling sites due to the possible existence of water with high ionic content. Two wells have been drilled in Peña de Hierro, BH11 and BH10, with depths of 340 and 630 meters respectively, with recovery of cores and generation of samples in anaerobic and sterile conditions. The geological analysis of the retrieved cores showed an important alteration of mineral structures associated with the presence of water, with production of expected products from the bacterial oxidation of pyrite. Ion chromatography of water soluble compounds from uncontaminated samples showed the existence of putative electron donors, electron acceptors, as well as variable concentration of metabolic organic acids, which suggest the presence of an active subsurface ecosystem associated to the high sulfidic mineral content of the IPB. Enrichment cultures from selected samples showed evidences of an active iron and sulfur cycle, together with unexpected methanogenic, methanotrophic and acetogenic activities. The geological, geomicrobiological and molecular biology analyses which are under way, should allow the characterization of this ecosystem of biohydrometallurgical interest

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease; the genetic component has not been fully defined. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in immunity and fibrosis, both key aspects of SSc. We investigated the influence of IL6gene in the susceptibility and phenotype expression of SSc.Methods.We performed a large metaanalysis including a total of 2749 cases and 3189 controls from 6 white populations (Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom). Three IL6single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; rs2069827, rs1800795, and rs2069840) were selected by SNP tagging and genotyped using TaqMan®allele discrimination technology.Results.Individual SNP metaanalysis showed no evidence of association of the 3 IL6genetic variants with the global disease. Phenotype analyses revealed a significant association between the minor allele of rs2069840 and the limited cutaneous SSc clinical form (Bonferroni p = 0.036, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25). A trend of association between the minor allele of the rs1800795 and the diffuse cutaneous SSc clinical form was also evident (Bonferroni p = 0.072, OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.96). In the IL6allelic combination analyses, the GGC allelic combination rs2069827-rs1800795-rs2069840 showed an association with overall SSc (Bonferroni p = 0.016, OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.23).Conclusion.Our results suggest that the IL6gene may influence the development of SSc and its progression.

Objective.We evaluated whether a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TRAF6gene previously associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis may be a common risk factor for systemic sclerosis (SSc) and giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.A total of 1185 patients with SSc, 479 patients with biopsy-proven GCA, and 1442 unrelated healthy controls of white Spanish origin were genotyped for the rs540386 variant using a specifically designed TaqMan©allele discrimination assay.Results.No significant associations of this SNP with global SSc or GCA were found. This was also the case when the potential associations of the TRAF6polymorphism with the main clinical phenotypes of the 2 diseases (e.g., limited cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous SSc, or presence of polymyalgia rheumatica and visual ischemic manifestations in GCA) were assessed.Conclusion.Our data do not support a role of the rs540386 TRAF6variant as a key component of the genetic network underlying SSc and GCA.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association of CCR2 and CCR5 chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility, clinical features, and the outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: We studied 276 patients with SLE and 194 ethnically matched healthy controls. Patients were stratified according to their clinical features and outcome. Genotyping of 190 (A/G) CCR2 and D32CCR5 was performed using polymerase chain reaction techniques. RESULTS: No association between the polymorphisms studied and susceptibility to SLE was found. However, when patients were stratified according to their clinical features, an increase in the frequency of individuals bearing D32CCR5 among patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies was found [15.1% vs 6.4% in negative patients (p = 0.03, pcorr > 0.05, OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.04–7.40) and 8% in controls (p = 0.04, pcorr > 0.05, OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.97–4.11)]. Moreover, a significant increase in the frequency of D32CCR5 individuals was observed among patients with biopsy-proven nephritis [20.5% vs 8.5% in patients without nephritis (p = 0.03, pcorr > 0.05, OR 2.79, 95% CI 0.93–7.70) and 8% in controls (pFisher = 0.04, pcorr > 0.05, OR 2.87, 95% CI 0.97–7.82)]. Regarding the outcome, a higher median severity index was found among patients bearing D32CCR5 (33.5 ± 17.9 vs 26.6 ± 17.1 in CCR5/CCR5 individuals; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of CCR2 and CCR5 do not seem to be involved in susceptibility to SLE, although a slight contribution of the CCR5 polymorphism in the production of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, in the development of lupus nephritis, and in the outcome of the disease could be postulated.

To assess the spread of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type I and II in different population groups at potential risk of infection in Spain, a total of 756 subjects were studied: 453 belonging to groups at risk for retrovirus infection, 255 with diseases potentially linked to HTLV-I/II infection and 48 immigrants from endemic areas. An HTLV-I viral-lysate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with a recombinant transmembrane envelope protein incorporated was used to screen serum samples. Reactive specimens were confirmed by Western blot strips spiked with recombinant proteins that differentiated HTLV-I from HTLV-II. Infection was then verified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum samples from 19 of the 756 subjects analyzed (2.5 %) were reactive for HTLV by EIA. One of these was from an intravenous drug user (IVDU) in whom HTLV-II infection was confirmed by Western blot and PCR; a specimen from another IVDU showed Western blot reactivity for both retroviruses, but PCR results were negative. Lastly, Western blot confirmed the presence of HTLV in one of the immigrant subjects. Western blot did not verify HTLV infection in the remaining 16 cases, indicating a high rate of nonspecific anti-HTLV reactivity when a second-generation EIA screening test was applied. These results suggest that HTLV is present in Spain among populations at high risk for HTLV, although at a very low rate and restricted to intravenous drug users and individuals immigrating from endemic areas.

•The primary CNS vasculitis is an exclusion diagnosis, but it must be considered in subjects with territory vascular affection and secondary manifestations of this ischemic or hemorrhagic alterations.•It is an obligation to always discard a secondary etiology by infection, systemic diseases, neoplasia, and drugs.•Angio-CT and angio-MRI have shown as good sensitivity and specificity as the contrasted digital subtraction angiography without the risk of this procedure.•Cerebral biopsy is up until now the golden standard, but with the clinical and image evidence this procedure can also be avoided.•The treatment with steroids, immunomodulation or immunosuppression and monoclonal antibodies as rituximab are the actual treatment.•Early and acute diagnosis can restore the quality of life of the patient.

This is the first multiplatform evaluation involving data from the new Sentinel‐3A altimeter. An experiment was undertaken in the Algerian Basin, employing an ocean glider and a ship mission, along the same track and synchronous with an overpass of the Sentinel‐3A mission. This provided three independent views of the ocean velocity field, along a section that encompassed three different oceanographic regimes. The results demonstrate the capacity of Sentinel‐3A to retrieve fine‐scale oceanographic features (~20 km). The intercomparison with in situ platforms showed a significant improvement, order 30% in resolution and 42% in velocity accuracy using a synthetic aperture radar mode with respect to lower‐resolution mode of conventional altimetry. In addition, the three‐platform view provided valuable insight into the variability of evolving oceanographic features, in an area of the Mediterranean that remains chronically under sampled. This is the first multiplatform evaluation involving data from the Sentinel‐3A altimeter SRAL sensorNew SAR instrument gives an improvement of 42% in the estimation of surface velocities with respect to lower‐resolution altimetrySentinel‐3A altimeter detects finer‐resolution oceanographic features (reduction of 30%) as compared to previous missions

Time series collected in the Camarinal and Espartel sills, the two main sills of the Strait of Gibraltar, have been analyzed to assess the first transformation of the Mediterranean outflow. In Espartel, west of Camarinal sill, the outflow has been estimated from a 6 year long time series of acoustic Doppler current profiler observations. The near bottom water flowing out at Espartel is around 0.1 units saltier and 0.1°C warmer than at Camarinal, which is explained by entrainment and mixing of Atlantic water by the outflow inside the basin bounded by both sills. The constancy of heat and salinity transport implies an Atlantic water entrainment of 0.03 Sv, which is about 4% of the outflow observed at Espartel (0.77 Sv) and a flow of 0.74 Sv at Camarinal (96% of the flow at Espartel). It is also shown that the high energy dissipation rate associated with internal tides is enough to sustain the entrainment and a thorough mixing of the entrained water. Entrainment and mixing in Tangier basinIncrease of volume transport in the Mediterranean outflowAvailability of turbulent kinetic energy to achieve the mixing

Atmospheric data from reanalysis, satellite, and experimental observations have been combined to calculate a four‐year time series of the Atlantic inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar. The net flow through the strait, estimated from the Mediterranean water budget, and the Mediterranean outflow, estimated from currentmeter observations in Espartel sill (western Strait of Gibraltar) from October 2004 to January 2009, made it possible to estimate the Atlantic inflow as the sum of both of them. The obtained mean net flow is 0.038 ± 0.007 Sv, with a seasonal cycle of 0.042 ± 0.018 Sv annual amplitude and maximum in September. The Mediterranean outflow shows a seasonal signal with annual amplitude of 0.027 ± 0.015 Sv peaking in April (in absolute value), and a mean value of −0.78 ± 0.05 Sv. The resulting Atlantic inflow has a mean value of 0.81 ± 0.06 Sv and a seasonal cycle with annual amplitude of 0.034 ± 0.011 Sv, peaking in September, and high interannual variability. The inflow seasonal cycle is the result of a barotropic forcing associated with the cycle of the net flow, driven by the evaporative cycle, and a baroclinic forcing linked to the seasonal cycle of the reduced gravity that drives the exchange.

<it>Objective</it>. To replicate the described association between MHC class I chain-related A (MICA) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <it>Methods</it>. MICA transmembrane microsatellite polymorphism was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. Genotyping of HLA-B* and DRB1* was performed using PCR and detection with a reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probe system. Combined data for these three loci (HLA-B*, DRB1* and MICA) were obtained from a total of 333 patients and 361 healthy controls. <it>Results</it>. Significant association with B*08 [<it>P</it><10−7, odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–5.00], DRB1*0301 (<it>P</it><10−7, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.59–2.68) and MICA5.1 (<it>P</it> = 0.01, OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46) was observed. The combinations DRB1*0301-MICA5.1-B8 and HLA-DRB1*0301-B*08-positive and MICA5-1-negative were more frequent among SLE patients (11.4 <it>vs</it> 3.3% in healthy controls, <it>P</it> = 3.9 × 10−5, OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.85–7.73, and 6.9 <it>vs</it> 1.7%, <it>P</it> = 0.0007, OR 4.32, 95% CI 1.68–13.10, respectively). Additionally, individuals who were HLA-DRB1*0301-B*08-negative and MICA5-1-positive were less frequent among patients (22.2 <it>vs</it> 31.3% in healthy controls, <it>P</it> = 0.007, OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.89) and the magnitude of the OR was similar to that obtained in individuals negative for all the three factors (OR 0.69, 95% CI 050–0.94). Further analysis performed to detect independent association strongly suggested that the association between MICA5.1 and SLE is secondary to the linkage disequilibrium of this allele with B*08. <it>Conclusions</it>. Our results do not support an independent association of MICA gene polymorphism with susceptibility to SLE.