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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to consider potential legal implications of deployment of nanolaser technology in armed conflict. Nanotechnology will undoubtedly enhance the performance of many weapons systems, [...]

It's getting to be that time of year, when we start thinking about hunkering down under our cozy, comforting quilts, and I for one start to think longingly about flannel, [...]

I love making quilts because there are so many ways to be creative! From choosing the colors and fabrics, the design of the pieced top, and the motifs of the [...]

A study on elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and the patterns of their executive and visuospatial dysfunctions is presented. Such cognitive deficits are likely to impair activities of daily living in these patients. The study is based on data from three homecare agencies in Massachusetts.

A tiger. They're solitary animals, and I wouldn't want to make it mad.Dallas BarbeeAge 6 • MinnesotaI wouldn't want a porcupine. It might climb onto your bed and tear your sheets.Gemma LeinsAge 4 • ColoradoAge 6 • MinnesotaAge 4 • Colorado [Extracted from the article]

The ventral metasomal scopa is in female megachilid bees (Megachilidae) the main morphological structure which is known to be used for transporting pollen from the flower to the nest. Here a new species of bee, Anthidium pectinatumKasparek, sp. nov.is described from southern Syria and eastern Anatolia, in which significant pollen loads were regularly found also on the female clypeus. Pollen grains accumulated on the clypeus were mostly colourful and large; the majority was assigned to the Cardueae (Asteraceae). By contrast, pollen grains accumulated in the ventral scopa were smaller and mainly belonged to Convolvulaceae, probably within the genus Cuscuta. Possible roles of the pollen packages found on the clypeus are discussed, including the possibility that these pollen grains are used for adorning or masking the nest entrance as was observed in other bee species.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5E40E9D3-BC6F-4802-840510DEA76808AD

If you're like me, it's hard to believe that a change in the tax code could be very exciting. But Bob Leins, a respected accountant and my colleague, convinced me [...]

The article looks at public safety and crime administration in Alaska, especially in remote villages. It highlights the lack of state troopers to respond quickly to rural villages, which led to the creation of a Village Public Safety Officer Program, wherein a village member is employed as a first responder until a trooper arrives. It explores the high rate of violent crimes in Alaska and discusses the challenges faced by village public safety officers.

Aging-associated remodeling of the immune system impairs its functional integrity and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), from which all cells of the adaptive immune system ultimately originate, might play a crucial role in the remodeling of the aged immune system. We recently reported that aging of HSCs is, in part, driven by elevated activity of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 and that aged HSCs can be rejuvenated in vitro by inhibition of the elevated Cdc42 activity in aged HSCs with the pharmacological compound CASIN. To study the quality of immune systems stemming selectively from young or aged HSCs, we established a HSC transplantation model in T- and B-cell-deficient young RAG1−/−hosts. We report that both phenotypic and functional changes in the immune system on aging are primarily a consequence of changes in the function of HSCs on aging and, to a large extent, independent of the thymus, as young and aged HSCs reconstituted distinct T- and B-cell subsets in RAG1−/−hosts that mirrored young and aged immune systems. Importantly, aged HSCs treated with CASIN reestablished an immune system similar to that of young animals, and thus capable of mounting a strong immune response to vaccination. Our studies further imply that epigenetic signatures already imprinted in aged HSCs determine the transcriptional profile and function of HSC-derived T and B cells.

The article focuses on the initiatives of nonprofit, the Maniilaq Association, for nursing homes and other public facilities in Alaska to be able to provide Alaska Natives with traditional foods. Topics covered include the limited access of Alaska Natives to traditional foods because of regulations on food sourcing, developments at a Kotzebue nursing home since the native foods addition to the Farm Bill, and the challenges facing communities in catering to their Inupiat residents.

The article offers information on the plan for a new research and academic center in Detroit, Michigan that they hope will be the latest boost to the city's economic fortunes. It mentions that the center will make Detroit more competitive in major tech industries, including cybersecurity and transportation; and also mentions that some University of Michigan students created a petition opposing the center, arguing that it is not beneficial for the community and promotes gentrification.

L'objectif général de ce guide est de fournir un manuel d'utilisation et d'interprétation des écailles pour l'estimation de l'âge chez les aloses de l'Atlantique-Est et de Méditerranée-Ouest (Grande Alose, Alose feinte atlantique et méditerranéenne). Après un présentation rapide des espèces, populations et fleuves analysés, les écailles d'aloses et les méthodes de récolte, de préparation et de montage les concernant sont décrites en détail. Des définitions et un système de notation de l'âge standards sont donnés. La grande majorité des difficultés rencontrées pour l'interprétation des écailles sont analysées en proposant des solutions et en donnant certaines recommandations. L'ensemble de ce guide est largement illustré à l'aide d'exemples d'écailles typiques et atypiques choisis chez tous les taxons des différentes populations étudiées.

Dans la période 1995-1999, la forte abondance des migrations de la « grande alose » (Alosa alosa L.) en Garonne a permis de localiser et d’évaluer les frayères dans la partie moyenne du fleuve. Les caractéristiques de 6 sites ont été examinées.

Abstract After splitting and transference of traditionally circumscribed Mutisieae based on molecular analyses, the remaining Mutisieae together with Nassauvieae and Onoserideae have been elevated to subfamilial rank: Mutisioideae (see Fig. 84). Within the tribe Mutisieae, a characteristic arrangement of receptive stigmatic tissue occurs: an inversely U-shaped stigma on the inside of the stylar branches, realized either by the loss of receptivity of the papillate median tissue or by adhesion of the stylar branches to each other mediated by their median ventral tissues. A separation into two stigmatic stripes, confluent at the apex of the stylar branches and sterile papillate tissue in between, also occurs in Pertyeae. Stylar branch adhesion characterizes Wunderlichieae within Wunderlichioideae and is found besides continuously arranged stigmata within Carduoideae, namely in Dicomeae and Cardueae (the latter not part of former Mutisieae), in Onoserideae and, surprisingly, in Mutisia coccinea. In general, we can state that an inversely U-shaped stigma has evolved several times (Fig. 84). This stigma arrangement can be observed (although with a non-papillate sterile median area) occasionally in Asteroideae and can be derived from the most common stigma arrangement in this subfamily, namely the two marginal lines not confluent at the stylar branch apex (Fig. 85).

The article shares the experiences of veterans from the retirement community The Villages in Sumter County, Florida during their visit to Washington, D.C. in October 2017 as part of the Honor Flight (HF) program conducted by nonprofit organization HF Network. Highlights of the trip included the lunch at the Air Force Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, and the visit to the National World War II Memorial, the Korean War Veterans Memorial and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

A large hoard of Iron Age coins was discovered by metal-detecting at Pershore, Worcestershire, in 1993. During small-scale archaeological excavation further Iron Age coins were recovered, including a likely second hoard. Further fieldwork in the same vicinity as the hoard(s) produced more Iron Age finds, including more coins, and a possible fragment of a twisted wire gold torc. In total 1494 Iron Age gold and silver coins were recovered. Geophysical survey indicated that the hoard(s) lay at the southern end of an extensive area of settlement which, based on the fieldwalking evidence, was mainly of Iron Age and Roman date. This covered an overall area of c.10 ha, within which several areas of more intensive activity were defined, including enclosures and possible round-houses. It is suggested that the coin hoard(s) indicate the location of a Late Iron Age religious space in an elevated landscape position situated on the edge of a settlement which continued into the Roman period. As part of the archaeological strategy, specialist deep-search metal-detecting was undertaken in order to establish that the site has now been completely cleared of metalwork caches

Pollen portioning in Ruta graveolensis realized by successive dehiscence of the anthers, accompanied by successive movements of the (ten or eight) stamens. Pentamerous flowers show more differences in their pattern than tetramerous ones. In tetramerous flowers a zigzag-pattern can be found first in the antesepalous stamen whorl and later in the antepetalous one (Fig. 2a–b). The zigzag-pattern is predetermined ontogenetically, i.e., primordial initiation has the same pattern.Humidity and temperature have no effect on the movement pattern in the androecium. The movement process, however, shows a different period of time dependent on the temperature: Within the range from 8 °C to 40 °C, the movement is faster at higher temperatures. Under moderate temperature conditions (24 °C) the decrease of the germination rates of pollen is relatively low after several hours (after 20h50min the pollen germination rate of an individual anther amounts still 67 %). The influence of water drops on dehisced anthers of Ruta graveolenscauses a loss in the rate of pollen germination from 78 % to 69 % after 30min, to 34 % after 1h 5min, to 6 % after 2h 35min, and to 3 % after 5h 5min (25 °C). After short rain showers the reduction in the pollen germination rate of a whole flower may be moderate because of its portioned pollen release. At high temperature, filament movement is accelerated, and the duration of pollen presentation shortened. This might reflect an optimized pollen dispersal strategy favouring outcrossing (and thus inter-individual recombination rate) in view of increased pollinator visits but lowered pollen germination ability at high temperatures.

Die Entwicklung des Mikrowellen‐Plasmabrenners zeigt, dass eine Kombination von zwei Resonatoren zielführend für eine zuverlässige Zündung unter Atmosphärendruck und einen stabilen Dauerbetrieb mit hohen Leistungen ist. Durch den koaxialen Bereich kann ein angepasstes Gasmanagement mit Hüllströmungen und guter Durchmischung erzeugt werden. Die spektroskopische Untersuchung des Brenners gibt Aufschluss über die räumliche Temperaturverteilung im Plasma. Dazu wird die Verteilung der OH‐Rotations‐Schwingungsbande mit hoher spektroskopischer Auflösung sichtliniengemittelt aufgenommen. Bei einem Luftplasma wird eine konstante Gastemperatur von 3600 K im Kern ermittelt. Sie ist unabhängig von den äußeren Parametern, wie Mikrowellenleistung oder Gasfluss. Einzig das Plasmavolumen passt sich an, um den Energieinhalt konstant zu halten.

Character states of sympetaly (early or late formation of corolla tubes), phytochemistry (mainly iridoids, polyacetylenes, inulin) and ovule conditions (bi- or unitegmic, crassi- or tenuinucellate) are — on family level — transferred onto cladograms based on DNA sequences. Though the sub-clades cannot be definitely circumscribed by means of non-DNA characters, nevertheless, there are some evolutionary trends, particularly in the modes of corolla tube formation and ovule morphology.Early sympetaly has become canalized in the upper asterids (euasterids II = campanulids) as the single mode of development, whereas in the euasterids I (= lamiids), besides early sympetaly in a few groups, mostly late sympetaly occurs. In the basal asterids (Cornales, Ericales) late sympetaly is uncommon (Polemoniaceae); if corollas are sympetalous, the early mode is dominant (as far as investigated). In advanced taxa of the euasterids I and in all euasterids II investigated so far, ovules are unitegmic. Bitegmic ovules (but which are mostly tenuinucellate) occur only in the basal asterids and in taxa basal within the euasterids I. Unitegmy is very seldom combined with a crassinucellate condition of the ovules (see Fig. 6-8).

The stylopodium (the swollen and often strongly expanded base of the style) serves as a nectary in Apiaceae, and this feature (together with leaf and inflorescence characters) has been stressed as a distinguishing character of the family. The position of the nectary is presented for a representative sampling from most of the families and subfamilies currently recognized in the order Apiales.Most Apiales have an inferior ovary with a nectary located on the ovary roof. Inferior ovaries develop from intercalary growth of the floral axis beneath the insertion areas of the perianth members, stamen primordia and dorsal carpel flanks. During this growth, the insertion areas of the carpels become extended and change from a horizontal to a vertical position, while their dorsal flanks remain short at the base and merely contribute to the formation of the ovary roof, style(s) and stigma(s). In the core group of Apiales, comprising Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Myodocarpaceae, Pittosporaceae (suborder Apiineae), only the Pittosporaceae have a superior ovary with a nectary at its base. However, due to intercalary growth in the floral axis, the nectary position in Pittosporaceae corresponds perfectly to that of groups in core Apiales (an example of the principle of variable proportions). Within Apiaceae, two groups exhibit shifts in the position of the nectary. In Apiaceae-Saniculoideae, the nectary tissue can extend to a peripheral position (onto a perigynous hypanthium), and in Actinotus (Apiaceae-Mackinlayoideae), the nectary tissue shifts to the upper part of the style. Among the three small families currently associated with Apiales, Griseliniaceae and Torricelliaceae have a nectary atop the inferior ovary, while Pennantiaceae lack a nectary altogether.Among the euasterids II, nectaries formed by the gynoecium, which mostly is inferior, are a more or less constant feature not only in Apiales but also in Asterales. Most Asterales have an inferior ovary and an ovary-roof nectary. The situation in Menyanthaceae, which have a superior ovary, is comparable to that of Pittosporaceae. In some molecular analyses Apiales form a clade together with Dipsacales, but the two groups differ markedly in the nectary structures. With a few exceptions, the nectaries of the Dipsacales are situated at the inner side of the corolla tube (which may be spurred) or the stamen-corolla tube and consist of one-celled epidermal hairs (in contrast to Apiales and Asterales, where the nectaries are mesophyllary). The only exceptions in Dipsacales are found among three genera in the heterogeneous family Adoxaceae: Adoxa has multicellular trichome nectaries on the petals, Sambucus lacks nectaries, and Viburnum has an inferior ovary with an ovary-roof nectary. Thus within the Dipsacales the nectary conditions typical of many euasterids II is found only in Viburnum. It can be assumed that the ovary-roof nectary in Dipsacales has been lost (probably after the diversification of Viburnum but before that of Sambucus) and that corolla trichomes have taken on the role of nectar secretion. The gynoecial nectary in Viburnum may be considered to be a vestige of that characterizing the early lineages of the asterids, such as Cornales (which have an inferior ovary with nectary atop). It has been preserved in the lineages leading to Apiales and Asterales. But in Aquifoliales (sister to the rest of euasterids II), the wall of the superior ovary contains the nectary.

Bleach bathing is frequently recommended to treat atopic dermatitis (AD), but its efficacy and safety are uncertain.

Mechanisms of secondary pollen presentation in Campanulales and Asterales have evolved from two very similar, but independently originated preadaptive "basic syndromes". In contrast to our earlier phylogenetic interpretation (Leins & Erbar 2003 a, b) in which we proposed a deposition mechanism in Campanulales (Cyphiaceae) and Asterales (Calyceraceae) as starting point, a recent extended phylogenetic analysis allows a revised, more plausible interpretation. In our new models the pump mechanism of Lobeliaceae is assumed to be basal to the other mechanisms in Campanulales s. str. (Fig. 38), and the cup mechanism of Goodeniaceae to those of Asterales s. str. (Fig. 39).Loss of style elongation in a pump mechanism leads to the "pollen box" in Cyphia, out of which pollen may be transferred onto the pollinators in portions by pushing down the pollen box. Pollen portioning in Campanulaceae s. str. is achieved by a non-simultaneous retraction of stylar hairs between which pollen is deposited. Portioning by brushing (with the aid of the coherent corolla lobes) in Phyteuma is derived from the typical deposition mechanism in the family Campanulaceae by an incomplete hair retraction. Within the Asterales s. str. the deposition and primitive brushing mechanism of the subfamily Barnadesioideae can readily be related to the simple deposition mechanism of Calyceraceae, sister to Asteraceae.

Background and AimsAutoimmune pancreatitis seems to be a disease with a heterogeneous appearance. Our intention was to establish key diagnostic criteria, define grades of severity and activity, identify features of potential subtypes and evaluate the diagnostic relevance of biopsy specimens.MethodsHistopathological criteria and clinical features were recorded in pancreatic resection specimens from 53 patients who were found to have chronic pancreatitis lacking pseudocysts, calculi, irregular duct dilatations, pancreas divisum and/or duodenal wall inflammation. The severity of the chronic inflammation was graded, and the activity of the acute inflammatory component and the granulocytic epithelial lesion (GEL) were determined. Additionally, pancreatic biopsy specimens from 9 patients with suspected AIP were assessed.ResultsPeriductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was identified in all cases, followed in order of frequency by periductal fibrosis and venulitis. These changes were absent in 147 pancreatic specimens that showed chronic pancreatitis associated with pseudocysts, calculi, pancreas divisum and/or duodenal wall inflammation. In 90% of the cases, these chronic changes were graded as 3 or 4. In 81%, the inflammatory process resided in the head of the pancreas and involved the common bile duct. GELs were present in 42% of the patients, who had a mean age of 40.5 years, an almost equal male–female ratio and a high coincidence of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. Patients without GELs were older (mean age 64 years), showed a male preponderance, commonly had Sjögren’s syndrome and often developed recurrent bile-duct stenosis. Diagnostically relevant lesions were present in two of five wedge biopsy specimens and three of four fine-needle specimens.ConclusionsPeriductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis, preferential occurrence in the pancreatic head and venulitis characterize autoimmune pancreatitis. GELs predominantly occur in a subset of patients who are younger, more commonly have ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and seem to have fewer recurrences than patients without GELs. Pancreatic biopsy material proved to be a very helpful adjunct for establishing the diagnosis.

Focuses on the importance of the 3rd century coins found in Oxfordshire, England in 2003. Meaning of the inscription on the coins; Reason for the lack of written resources about Domitianus II, the Roman emperor whose name appeared in the Oxfordshire coins; Speculation on the reign of Domitianus II.

Some features of the reproductive system of Mandevilla spec. (presumably a new species) were investigated in natural populations on granite rock outcrops (inselbergs) in Pernambuco state (NE-Brazil). Field studies included observation of phenological patterns and flower visitors as well as experiments on pollination and fruit set. Additionally, morphology and anatomy of the flowers as well as the pollen tube growth were analysed. Flowers of this Mandevilla species are large, tubular to salverform and very showy due to bright pink colour and exposed presentation on the plant. Although nectar production could not be proved, anatomical studies showed a typical secretory tissue at the base of the gynoecium. Flowers were visited by different species of large bees, but visitation rate - at least during the observation phase - was very low. However, ca. 60 % of the flowers analysed were naturally pollinated and ca. 35 % set fruit. Although autogamy does not occur in unvisited flowers due to strict herkogamy, self-pollination mediated by visiting insects seems possible in the self-compatible flowers. Assuming that insect-mediated autogamy occurs, the high pollen load on the stigma at the end of anthesis can be understood: Even if a bee does not spend much time in the population of Mandevilla investigated, single flower visits may ensure successful pollen transfer. This insect-mediated self-pollination may be interpreted as compensation for the low frequency of flower visitors on inselbergs.

Tenascin-C (TN-C), a large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 180–250 kilodaltons, is present in several normal adult tissues. TN-C is up-regulated during embryogenesis, in wound healing, and in tumor tissues. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and malignant astrocytic tumor comprised of poorly differentiated, neoplastic astrocytes. Recently, TN-C-based radioimmunotherapy was administered to patients with GBM. In the current study, the authors used immunohistochemistry to conduct a systematic investigation of TN-C distribution patterns in normal human brain tissue and in a large variety of brain tumors (n = 485 tumors). Immunoreactivity for TN-C was assessed with regard to its localization within tumor cells, blood vessels, and ECM using three different monoclonal antibodies (clones BC2, BC4, and TN2). In control human brains, a significant difference was noted in the expression of TN-C when comparing gray with white matter using either Western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry. TN-C was found in the white matter of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and in the hippocampus, where the immunoreaction was especially strong in the hippocampal formation. In 181 astrocytomas of different grades (World Health Organization [WHO] Grade 2–4), TN-C immunopositivity was seen to varying degrees in the cellular and stromal components of the tumor and in tumor-associated vessels. Glioblastomas (n = 113 tumors) showed strong immunopositivity in the vessels and moderate immunopositivity of the ECM. A statistically significant reduction of TN-C immunopositivity in tumor-associated vessels or ECM was observed in anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO Grade 3) compared with GBM (WHO Grade 4). A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients who had GBM lesions that lacked TN-C immunopositivity in the ECM had a significantly longer survival (median, 28 months; standard error, 7.8 months) (n = 12 patients) compared with patients who had GBM lesions with TN-C immunopositivity (median, 12 months; standard error, 1.6 months) (n = 87 patients). In meningiomas (n = 24 tumors), the neoplastic cells, the ECM of the tumor, and the vessels were TN-C negative. In schwannomas (n = 31 tumors), the tumor cells were TN-C negative; whereas, in > 50% of tumors, the vessels and the ECM of regressively altered tumor areas were positive. In metastatic carcinomas (n = 53 tumors), the tumor cells were negative; seldom were vessels stained positive for TN-C. Focal areas of the ECM, often accompanied with fibrotic changes, were immunopositive for TN-C. The most constant TN-C immunopositivity was noted in the ECM of the fibrotic stroma in highly malignant brain tumors and along the tumor border, especially in high-grade astrocytomas. The current results suggest that TN-C expression may be correlated with the grade of malignancy in astrocytic tumors and that the presence or absence of TN-C expression in the stroma of astrocytic tumors may play a not yet clearly understood role in shortening or prolonging, respectively, the survival of patients. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

Correlations among hadrons with the same electric charge produced in Z0decays are studied using the high statistics data collected from 1991 through 1995 with the OPAL detector at LEP. Normalized factorial cumulants up to fourth order are used to measure genuine particle correlations as a function of the size of phase space domains in rapidity, azimuthal angle and transverse momentum. Both all-charge and like-sign particle combinations show strong positive genuine correlations. One-dimensional cumulants initially increase rapidly with decreasing size of the phase space cells but saturate quickly. In contrast, cumulants in two- and three-dimensional domains continue to increase. The strong rise of the cumulants for all-charge multiplets is increasingly driven by that of like-sign multiplets. This points to the likely influence of Bose–Einstein correlations. Some of the recently proposed algorithms to simulate Bose–Einstein effects, implemented in the Monte Carlo model Pythia, are found to reproduce reasonably well the measured second- and higher-order correlations between particles with the same charge as well as those in all-charge particle multiplets.

A search for single top quark production via flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) was performed with data collected by the OPAL detector at the e+e−collider LEP. Approximately 600 pb−1of data collected at s=189–209 GeV were used to search for the FCNC process e+e−→tc(u)→bWc(u). This analysis is sensitive to the leptonic and the hadronic decay modes of the W boson. No evidence for a FCNC process is observed. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the single top production cross-section as a function of the centre-of-mass energy are derived. Limits on the anomalous coupling parameters κγand κZare determined from these results.

The inclusive branching ratio for the process b→τ−ν̄τXhas been measured using hadronic Z decays collected by the OPAL experiment at LEP in the years 1992–2000. The result is: BR(b→τ−ν̄τX)=(2.78±0.18±0.51)%.This measurement is consistent with the Standard Model expectation and puts a constraint of tanβ/MH±<0.53 GeV−1at the 95% confidence level on Type II Two Higgs Doublet Models.

We search for lepton flavour violating events (eμ, eτand μτ) that could be directly produced in e+e−annihilations, using the full available data sample collected with the OPAL detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 GeV and 209 GeV. In general, the Standard Model expectations describe the data well for all the channels and at each s.A single eμevent is observed where according to our Monte Carlo simulations only 0.019 events are expected from Standard Model processes. We obtain the first limits on the cross-sections σ(e+e−→eμ, eτand μτ) as a function of sat LEP2 energies.

Using about 3.9 million hadronic Z decays from e+e−collisions recorded by the OPAL detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies s≈MZ, the branching ratio for the decay D−s→τ−ν̄τhas been measured to be BR(D−s→τ−ν̄τ)=(7.0±2.1(stat)±2.0(syst))%.This result can be used to derive the decay constant of the D−smeson: fDs=(286±44(stat)±41(syst))MeV.

Data on muon pair production obtained by the OPAL Collaboration at centre of mass energies near the Z peak are analysed. Small angular mismatches between the directions of the two muons are used to assess the effects of initial state photon radiation and initial-final-state radiation interference on the forward–backward asymmetry of muon pairs. The dependence of the asymmetry on the invariant mass of the pair is measured in a model-independent way. Effective vector and axial-vector couplings of the Z boson are determined and compared to the Standard Model expectations.

L'objectif g?n?ral de ce guide est de fournir un manuel d'utilisation et d'interpr?tation des ?cailles pour l'estimation de l'?ge chez les aloses de l'Atlantique-Est et de M?diterran?e-Ouest (Grande Alose, Alose feinte atlantique et m?diterran?enne). Apr?s un pr?sentation rapide des esp?ces, populations et fleuves analys?s, les ?cailles d'aloses et les m?thodes de r?colte, de pr?paration et de montage les concernant sont d?crites en d?tail. Des d?finitions et un syst?me de notation de l'?ge standards sont donn?s. La grande majorit? des difficult?s rencontr?es pour l'interpr?tation des ?cailles sont analys?es en proposant des solutions et en donnant certaines recommandations. L'ensemble de ce guide est largement illustr? ? l'aide d'exemples d'?cailles typiques et atypiques choisis chez tous les taxons des diff?rentes populations ?tudi?es. The general objective of this guide is to provide a practical manual for interpreting scales and the estimation of age of Alosa from the East Atlantic and West-Mediterranean (Allis shad, Atlantic and Mediterranean shad). Following a brief presentation of the species, populations and rivers studied, the scales, sampling methods and their preparation for reading are described in detail. Definitions and a standard system of notating age are given. The majority of the difficulties encountered in the interpretation of scales are analysed, solutions proposed and some recommendations given. The whole guide is largely illustrative using examples of typical and atypical scales from the various taxons of the different populations studied.

Encouraging and supporting diversity and inclusion in computer science research communities is a critical issue for many reasons, including the ethical and robust design, delivery and publication of research that addresses real-world situations ranging from the use of digital tools in health to predictive policing to workplace hiring practices, just to name a few. One way to measure diversity is to apply analytical research methods to data sourced from the public domain for use in research. However, attempts to measure diversity using public data may themselves raise legal and ethical questions about the provenance of the data, research methods adopted, and treatment of diversity in the publication of results. This article interrogates the challenges of measuring diversity using public data, examining an illustrative case study framed around an academic research project at an Australian university using a public data set to identify gender representation in computer science communities. Employing a critical data governance perspective, we point to a range of ethical and legal concerns and recommend greater regulatory guardrails to better balance public interests in research and the privacy, data protection and other ethical interests of research subjects.

The nectary organs in the flowers of many Ranunculaceae - intercalated between perianth and androecium - are commonly considered as derived from stamens. The homology of both structures is seen in the peltation, i. e. in the formation of a cross zone at the ventral side of the organs. Since detailed investigations have shown that stamens do not develop as peltate leaves (Leins & Boecker 1982), this proof becomes invalid.

Abstract: In the genus Phyteurnaspadix‐shaped spikes or capitula are composed of xerochasic poricidal capsules, holding unspecialized seeds. Phyteurna betonicifoliurnVILL., Phyteuma hemisphaericumL, Phyteurna scheuchzeriALL., and Phyteurna spica‐turnL. were examined in wind tunnel experiments to determine the minimum wind speed necessary for seed release, and the relationship between wind speeds and dispersal distances. In a simplified practical simulation the dispersal strategies of these species were described with a leptokurtic curve. The short‐distance seed dispersal of Phyteuma hernisphaericurnallows a limited enlargement of the occupied area, while the seeds of P. scheuchzeriare dispersed more remotely from the mother plant. P. spicaturnand P. betonicifoliurnmainly disperse closely around the mother plant but provide a certain percentage of seeds for colonization of more distant areas. It is demonstrated that the dispersal modes are determined by the characteristics of fruits, infructescences, and seeds. It is also shown that plants with similar morphological organization show different dispersal patterns, which must be interpreted as a fine‐tuned adaptation to the habitat with all its biotic and abiotic factors.

Abstract: In the genus Spigelia(Spigeliaceae, Gentianales) we report for the first time the phenomenon of secondary pollen presentation. In Spigelia anthelmia, S. marilandica, and S. splen‐densa deposition mechanism as found in some members of the Rubiaceae could be observed in living material. In Spigelia longi‐flora, S. sellowiana, and S. speciosawe can expect this mechanism from observation of pollen load on the style seen in herbarium material (K). Some time after anthesis the pistil shows curious behaviour in that the upper part of the style detaches from the lower part at a histologically differentiated area. In the allo‐gamous Spigelia splendensthis may promote prezygotic selection. We hypothesize that in the autogamous Spigelia anthelmiathis event selects for the fittest male gametophytes by competition of the pollen tubes counteracting possible inbreeding depression caused by continual self‐fertilisation. The fastest growing pollen tubes, which reach the lower style before detaching, are able to penetrate the ovules. Many germinated pollen grains whose pollen tubes grow slowly remain on the upper detached part of the style. Obviously Spigelia onthelmiaaccepts a lower seed set in favour of increased fitness of the progeny. Within the genus Spigelia, distributed in tropical and subtropical America, Spigelia anthelmiais the only species found on other continents. It is a successful pioneer plant and weed in tropical Africa and Asia, perhaps due to its “strategy of controlled autogamy”.

A review of the chemical and physical properties of MnRe(CO)10 and its derivatives has been undertaken. This heterobimetallic complex is one of the simplest complexes known which contains a bond between two different metals and does not contain bridging groups. The review has revealed that high yield synthetic strategies are known for this complex and the synthetic strategies have bearing for the synthesis of other bimetallic complexes. Kinetic data suggest that information available on monometallic fragments can provide information on the reactivity trends expected for the dimer. However, the second metal is not a neutral spectator and provides a site forsecondary reactions eg for CO substitution. Data on the physical properties of the dimer are sparse and definitive statements ondMn-Re·vMn-Re, ?HMn-Re etc. cannot be made. This has significant implications for studies on related simple and complex dimer and cluster complexes.

InEchinops the flowers are surrounded by several scales and initiated in an acropetal and spiral succession on a cone-like inflorescence axis (Figs. 1–6). The floral organs originate in the following sequence: petals—stamens—carpels—pappus. The petals arise from a meristematic rim and therefore are already interconnected when they arise as primordia. This sympetalous zone remains rather inconspicuous for a long period, but eventually, the elongated corolla tube is formed through intercalary growth in a ring zone. Thereby, the stamens are moved upwards and form ledges on the corolla tube (Fig. 34). In the inferior ovary the usual zones of the typical angiospermous gynoecium can be distinguished, namely a “synascidiate”, “symplicate” and “hemisymplicate” zone. The ovule is borne on carpellary tissue.