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Neuronavigation in ventriculoscopy has been described in several papers. However, there are different ventriculoscopes and navigation systems. Because of these different combinations, it is difficult to find detailed navigation protocols for each ventriculoscope. We describe, step by step, a simple method to navigate both the trajectory to reach the ventricular system and the intraventricular work for the LOTTA ventriculoscope.

La neuronavegación en ventriculoscopia se ha descrito en varios trabajos. Sin embargo, existen diferentes ventriculoscopios y sistemas de navegación. Debido a estas diferentes combinaciones es difícil encontrar protocolos detallados de navegación para cada ventriculoscopio. Describimos, paso a paso, un método sencillo para navegar tanto la trayectoria hasta alcanzar el sistema ventricular, como el trabajo intraventricular para el ventriculoscopio LOTTA.

Online learning resources have become extremely popular, particularly after the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 outbreak. In this paper, we use data for Spain at the individual level from an online math learning platform which is used by children from over 100 countries, to document the gender differences in the context of online learning. We quantify the gender gaps in effort and relative performance outcomes and analyze whether the gaps differ by the gender of the parent who mainly supervises the children. Our main results point toward significant gender gaps in the relative performance outcomes in favor of boys, while the evidence for the effort gender gaps is only significant when we compare the siblings of the opposite gender (controlling for parent fixed effects). Further, we find that living in municipalities with more egalitarian gender norms is associated with narrower or positive gender gaps in effort outcomes, while we do not find such differences in the relative performance outcomes. Taking into account the increase in the use of online learning tools and their progressive integration into the regular educational system, our results provide important information to minimize gender biases in these new settings.

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to compare PhD holders’ current working conditions, satisfaction, and changes in their job four years after graduation across three job sectors, namely universities, research institutes and industry. We analysed the responses to the survey on PhD graduates’ employability of the Catalan University Quality Assurance Agency, AQU Catalunya. Participants were 1,798 PhD holders from all disciplines who graduated between 2014 and 2016. Our findings show that PhD holders working outside academia had better working conditions in terms of the type of contract, working hours and salary than those at universities and research institutes. PhD holders working outside academia experienced fewer changes after the PhD and were less satisfied with the connection between their job and the PhD, but no differences were found among sectors in the satisfaction with job content and overall job satisfaction. Results show a clear mismatch between the education level required for the job and the level of responsibilities, not only for PhD holders working beyond academia but also, to a lesser extent, for those working at universities and research institutes. This study contributes to the understanding of academic and non-academic trajectories and points out several gaps and lines for future research and doctoral education.

The study of six compositions of Cu@N-TiO2with different amounts of copper and nitrogen synthesized using a sol–gel method is reported. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra indicated the formation of a single anatase TiO2phase in all materials without evidence of secondary phases including copper or nitrogen. Electron microscopy images showed a homogeneous distribution of the copper particles around a TiO2matrix, just as that the insertion of nitrogen did not have a significant effect on the morphology of the particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that nitrogen was inserted in the atomic arrangement of titanium dioxide, while copper was presented mainly as metallic element on the TiO2surface. Characterization of the optical properties and photoactivity test confirm that band gap strongly depends on the copper and nitrogen content phenomenon attributed to the combined presence of modifiers over the TiO2surface and the promotion of a plasmonic effect, which displaced the absorption UV bands to higher wavelengths with respect to un-doped TiO2. The catalytic test performed using rhodamine-B as probe molecule, confirm that TiCuN2 and TiCuN3 samples exhibit the best decomposition percentages of 38 and 36 % respectively. Such results confirm the surface plasmon resonance effect associated to Cu particles on the TiO2as main cause in the increase in current along synthesized samples and the use of cyclic voltammetry technique to identify these effects between 0.0 and 1.5 V.

This review emphasizes the recent advancements and prospects of thin-film kesterite-based photovoltaic (PV) applications using magnesium, iron and nickel. The quest for novel materials employed in solar cells has resulted in incorporating these elements into the composition of kesterite as substitutes or modifiers (dopants) for zinc. This integration has induced notable repercussions on the structural, optoelectronics and morphological properties, which are reviewed. The first section of this paper offers a comprehensive review of the general characteristics of kesterite minerals. These crucial materials exhibit a high absorption coefficient (104cm–1) and an optical band gap of 1.0–1.8 eV. Moreover, they are free of critical raw materials, non-toxic and sustainable. The second section depicts the substitution or modification of zinc by magnesium in kesterite. Additionally, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the quaternary and pentanary systems Cu2MgSn(S,Se)4and Cu2Zn1–xMgxSnS4, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. In the last section, a review of the quaternary or pentanary systems is conducted, namely Cu2ZnxFe1–xSnS4and Cu2ZnxNi1–xSnS4, along with their effects on optoelectronic properties. In conclusion, various methods for obtaining modified or substituted kesterite materials using magnesium, iron and nickel have demonstrated sustainability, scalability for industrial production and potential candidacy as substitutes for conventional PV materials. The prospects for pentanary materials (Cu2Zn1‑xMgxSnS4, Cu2Zn1‑xFexSnS4and Cu2Zn1‑xNixSnS4) are to overcome the efficiency record of kesterite reported in 2014, which was 12.6 % for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, and to enhance its optoelectronic properties through synthesis conditions that comply with the principles of green chemistry.Recent advancements and prospects for thin-film kesterite-based materials for photovoltaic applications are reviewed in which magnesium, iron and nickel are used as substitutes or modifiers for zinc in kesterites.

Material extrusion (MEX) continues to be a pivotal additive manufacturing (AM) process, involving the selective heating and layer-by-layer deposition of material. However, conventional finite-element models (finite-element analysis) face limitations in accurately simulating the MEX process, highlighting the need for experimental validation. This paper highlights an advanced material modeling technology that streamlines the development of composite parts using large format AM (LFAM). It specifically focuses on a thermoplastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix composite material enriched with 20% short carbon fibers. The study employs integrated computational materials engineering, integrating (i) the manufacturing process, (ii) the material’s microstructure, (iii) homogenization techniques, and (iv) the performance of the final part. The development of a digital twin for pellet extrusion is proposed, emphasizing the importance of micro-structure characterization to account for warpage and residual stresses that lead to part distortion. The demonstrator manufactured for this study is a wind turbine mold of a blade section. Experimental tests revealed an elastic modulus of 5.5 GPa and a hardening modulus of 2.4 GPa for the composite. The numerical microscopic model showed a 16% error in the elastic modulus compared to experimental results. The study concludes that the homogenization techniques are effective in predicting the elastic properties but lack accuracy in the plastic region. The application of the model to the LFAM process of pellet extrusion is demonstrated, with simulation results showing a maximum deformation close to the center of the wind turbine blade mold.

Frequency-selective or even frequency-tunable terahertz (THz) photodevices are critical components for many technological applications that require nanoscale manipulation, control, and confinement of light. Within this context, gate-tunable phototransistors based on plasmonic resonances are often regarded as the most promising devices for the frequency-selective detection of THz radiation. The exploitation of constructive interference of plasma waves in such detectors promises not only frequency selectivity but also a pronounced sensitivity enhancement at target frequencies. However, clear signatures of plasmon-assisted resonances in THz detectors have been revealed only at cryogenic temperatures so far and remain unobserved at application-relevant room-temperature conditions. In this work, we demonstrate the sought-after room-temperature resonant detection of THz radiation in short-channel gated photodetectors made from high-quality single-layer graphene. The survival of this intriguing resonant regime at room temperature ultimately relies on the weak intrinsic electron–phonon scattering in monolayer graphene, which avoids the damping of the plasma oscillations present in the device channel.

Modeling of metal hydride storage tanks remains a challenging issue. In most of the literature, the charge and discharge of metal hydride storage tanks are controlled by the hydrogen flow rate. However, the case of controlling the charge and discharge of metal hydride tanks by pipe pressure has rarely been reported in the literature. Aiming at this problem, this work presents a two-dimensional state-space model that takes the pipe pressure as the system input and assumes that the tank temperature can be measured. Then, the First-order Trajectory Sensitivity Analysis method is used to analyze the parameter sensitivity of several selected unknown parameters. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that six parameters: entropy change for desorption ∆Sd, enthalpy change for desorption ∆Hd, activation energy for absorption Ea, activation energy for desorption Ed, plateau flatness coefficient φ and plateau hysteresis coefficient β have higher sensitivity to the model state.

In this work, we present a novel observer-based masking protocol in order to secure the communication between nodes of a cyber-physical system. The approach is based on including multiplicative disturbances generated from a known autonomous system in the source node and then including an observer in the receiver node that exactly removes the noise and recovers the original signal. It is shown that, if the masking signal is appropriately designed, the de-masking module can be implemented through a simple proportional-integral observer. The approach is then validated through numerical simulations.

The analysis of nonlinear systems can be greatly improved using computer software. In this work the Sridhar nonlinearity is described, and a new parameterization is given that allows to systematically obtain a large number of the classical piecewise nonlinearities as particular cases. The calculation of limit cycles using the describing function (DF) approach for the case of autonomous nonlinear control systems and an event-based simulation method are presented and compared. Finally, a user-friendly, graphically oriented interactive tool based on Sysquake is presented. In this way the students can easily assimilate some concepts of introductory courses in nonlinear control such as the behavior of piecewise linear systems, stable and unstable limit cycles, event-based simulation and the DF method.

Analizar los factores asociados a la activación del equipo de asistencia al trauma grave (EATG) en pacientes que ingresan en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), medir su repercusión en los tiempos de asistencia, y analizar los grupos de pacientes según activación y nivel de afectación anatómica.

The power of the digital platforms and the increasing scope of their control over individuals and institutions have begun to generate societal concern. However, the ways in which digital platforms exercise power and organize immaturity—defined as the erosion of the individual’s capacity for public use of reason—have not yet been theorized sufficiently. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of field, capitals, and habitus, we take a sociosymbolic perspective on platforms’ power dynamics, characterizing the digital habitus and identifying specific forms of platform power and counterpower accumulation. We make two main contributions. First, we expand the concept of organized immaturity by adopting a sociological perspective, from which we develop a novel sociosymbolic view of platforms’ power dynamics. Our framework explains fundamental aspects of immaturity, such as self-infliction and emergence. Second, we contribute to the platform literature by developing a three-phase model of platform power dynamics over time.

The isomerization (chain-walking) reaction of terminal to internal alkenes is catalyzed by part-per-million amounts of practically any Ru source when the reaction is carried out with a neat terminal alkene. Here, we provide evidence that the soluble starting Ru sources evolve to catalytically active peralkene Ru(II) species under reaction conditions. These species may also explain the isomerization products found during other Ru-catalyzed alkene processes, i.e., alkene metathesis reactions. A Finke–Watzky mechanism for catalyst formation is consistent with the evidence obtained.

La eficacia de la trombectomía mecánica en territorio carotídeo en las primeras 24horas se ha probado con trabajos publicados recientemente.

la capecitabina es un fármaco antineoplásico utilizado en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama y de colon que puede dar lugar a una toxicidad grave, llegando a ser mortal en algunos pacientes. La variabilidad interindividual de esta toxicidad es debida en gran medida a las variaciones genéticas en los genes diana y las enzimas de metabolismo de este fármaco, como la timidilato sintasa y la dihidropirimidina deshidrogenasa. La enzima citidin desaminasa (CDA), imprescindible en la activación de la capecitabina, también presenta diversas variantes asociadas con un mayor riesgo de toxicidad al tratamiento, aunque su papel como biomarcador aún no está claramente definido.

Capecitabine, an antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of breast and colon cancer, can cause severe, even fatal toxicity in some patients. The interindividual variability of this toxicity is largely due to genetic variations in target genes and enzymes of metabolism of this drug, such as Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD). The enzyme Cytidine Deaminase (CDA), involved in the activation of capecitabine, also has several variants associated with an increased risk of toxicity to treatment, although its role as a biomarker is not yet clearly defined.

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A predominant assumption in studies of deliberative democracy is that stakeholder engagements will lead to rational consensus and to a common discourse on corporate social and environmental responsibilities. Challenging this assumption, we show that conflict is ineradicable and important and that affects constitute the dynamics of change of the discourses of responsibilities. On the basis of an analysis of social media engagements in the context of the grand challenge of plastic pollution, we argue that civil society actors use mobilization strategies with their peers and inclusive-dissensus strategies with corporations to convert them to a new discourse. These strategies use moral affects to blame and shame corporations and solidarity affects to create feelings of identification with the group and to avoid disengagement and polarization. Our research contributes to the literature on deliberative democracy and stakeholder engagement in social media in the collective constructions of discourses on grand challenges.

Inrecent years there has been a revolution in the development of interactive applications for teaching control theory. In parallel, much work has been done on the development of experimental and virtual control laboratories. In this work, different interactive tools are presented that aim to link both worlds with the aim of promoting the link between theory and practice, using the most common equipment that can be found in automatic control laboratories.

Socio-technical transitions and environmental transformation have an important reflection on the decisions of companies. The analysis of the reality refracted in public opinion is a proxy to the change in the management styles of large companies. This paper analysed the sustainability strategies of companies indexed in the IBEX 35. First, a semantic and contextual analysis of 424 news items published in the press for the 35 main Spanish companies during 2019 was carried out using T-LAB software. The Factiva® database, owned by Down Jones and Company©, was used. Second, an fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) analysis was carried out to analyse the dissemination blueprints in international media of the green strategies of the IBEX 35 companies. Economic and media attributes were used to analyse the causal relationship. The results suggest the design and implementation of different strategies for the international media representation of business sustainability.

Purpose: The study aims to explore and explain the affordances and constraints of two-mode virtual collaboration as experienced by a newly forming international research team. Design/methodology/approach: This is self-reflective and action-oriented research on the affordances and constraints of two-mode virtual collaboration. In the spirit of professional development, the authors (nine researchers at different career stages and from various counties) engaged in a joint endeavour to evaluate the affordances and constraints of virtual collaborations in light of the recent literature while also researching the authors' own virtual collaboration during this evaluative task (mid-January–April 2021). The authors used two modes: synchronous (Zoom) and asynchronous (emails) to communicate on the literature exploration and recorded reactions and emotional responses towards existing affordances and constraints through a collective journal. Findings: The results suggest both affordances in terms of communication being negotiable and evolving and constraints, particularly in forming new relations given tools that may not be equally accessible to all. Journaling during collaborations could be a valuable tool, especially for virtual collective work, because it can be used to structure the team supported negotiation and discussion processes, especially often hidden processes. It is evident that the role of a leader can contribute to an alignment in the assumptions and experiences of trust and consequently foster greater mutual understanding of the circumstances for productive team collaborations. Originality/value: The findings of this study can inform academics and practitioners on how to create and facilitate better opportunities for collaboration in virtual teams as a rapidly emerging form of technology-supported working.

Aging is a major risk factor for cerebral infarction. Since cellular senescence is intrinsic to aging, we postulated that stroke-induced cellular senescence might contribute to neural dysfunction. Adult male Wistar rats underwent 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion and were grouped according to 3 reperfusion times: 24 hours, 3, and 7 days. The major biomarkers of senescence: 1) accumulation of the lysosomal pigment, lipofuscin; 2) expression of the cell cycle arrest markers p21, p53, and p16INK4a; and 3) expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were investigated in brain samples. Lipofuscin accumulation was scarce at the initial stage of brain damage (24 hours), but progressively increased until it reached massive distribution at 7 days post-ischemia. Lipofuscin granules (aggresomes) were mainly confined to the infarcted areas, that is parietal cortex and adjacent caudate-putamen, which were equally affected. The expression of p21, p53, and p16INK4a, and that of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, was significantly higher in the ischemic hemisphere than in the non-ischemic hemisphere. These data indicate that brain cell senescence develops during acute ischemic infarction and suggest that the acute treatment of ischemic stroke might be enhanced using senolytic drugs.

In order to find an alternative to the more heavily regulated titanium dioxide (TiO2P25) and to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxide (NOx) in indoor environments, gold nanoparticles-decorated ZnO composite materials (Au/ZnO, 1 wt% Au) were successfully prepared by photodeposition (PD) or urea deposition-precipitation (UDP) methods. The resulting Au/ZnO catalysts showed excellent photocatalytic performance (around 40 %) for the degradation of 400 ppb nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a laboratory reactor scale under UV-A irradiation as low as 0.1 W/m2at 50 % relative humidity. The high activity was attributed to the Au-ZnO heterojunction formation, which significantly promoted the transfer of photogenerated holes from ZnO to Au and the water oxidation process on Au nanoparticles, improving the NO2photocatalytic oxidation reaction due to a higher generation of OH• radical. The NO2degradation was also investigated under realistic indoor visible light irradiation with NO2concentrations found indoors (40 and 100 ppb). This work showed the prospects of applications of Au/ZnO materials in the field of indoor photocatalytic purification and gave a new insight into the study of ZnO-based composites for the photocatalytic degradation of NOx.

Steel honeycomb monoliths have been manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling-FDM 3D printing technology using 90 % 17–4 PH steel nanoparticles-loaded polymer filament. Pure steel monoliths were obtained after thermal removal of the polymer and steel sintering. NiO-CeO2active phase nanoparticles were loaded on powder steel and on the steel monoliths, and the supported catalysts were tested in the hydrogenation of CO2to CH4, paying special attention to the steel pretreatment before active phase loading. The catalytic experiments confirm that totally functional catalysts have been prepared, showing 100 % selective conversion of CO2to CH4above 225 ºC and stability in long-term experiments (18 hours at 325 ºC). The catalytic behaviour is improved by H2O2-pretreatment of the steel honeycomb monoliths before the active phase loading. XPS characterization confirms that the surface of the catalysts is oxidised on the fresh catalysts and gets even more oxidised after the catalytic tests. The H2O2-pretreatment of the steel support partially avoids the additional oxidation under reaction conditions, keeping chromium and cerium cations less oxidised than on the catalyst prepared with untreated steel. In addition, evidence about the electronic interaction between the steel support and the NiO-CeO2(np) active phase are obtained.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for 20% of new breast cancer diagnoses. Treatment includes breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with or without radiation therapy (RT), mastectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Surgical decisions depend on the centre's policy and patient choice. We aimed to compare outcomes and quality-of-life (QoL) between treatment with BCS+RT or mastectomy in patients with breast DCIS.

Purpose: This paper aims to identify the documented effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career researcher (ECR) activity, development, career prospects and well-being. Design/methodology/approach: This is a systematic literature review of English language peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2021, which provided empirical evidence of the impact of the pandemic on ECR activity and development. The search strategy involved online databases (Scopus, Web of Science and Overton); well-established higher education journals (based on Scopus classification) and references in the retained articles (snowballing). The final sample included 11 papers. Findings: The evidence shows that ECRs have been affected in terms of research activity, researcher development, career prospects and well-being. Although many negative consequences were identified, some promising learning practices have arisen; however, these opportunities were not always fully realised. The results raise questions about differential effects across fields and possible long-term consequences where some fields and some scholars may be worse off due to priorities established as societies struggle to recover. Practical implications: There is a need for revised institutional and national policies to ensure that sufficient measures are implemented to support ECRs’ research work in a situation where new duties and chores were added during the pandemic. Originality/value: This paper provides insights into the impacts of the initial societal challenges of the pandemic on ECRs across disciplines that may have long-lasting effects on their academic development and well-being.

The design of adaptive observers is a common approach for the joint state and parameter-estimation problem. Nonetheless, there are still some obstacles that have to be solved to improve the design of adaptive observers and extend its implementability to a larger class of systems. First, the separation of the state-estimation and the parameter-estimation requires a relative degree one or zero between some known signal and the parameters to be estimated. Second, standard stability proofs for adaptive observers cannot be easily extended to consider the unavoidable presence of sensor noise and unmodeled system uncertainty. Consequently, on the one hand, this work proposed a methodology to relax the relative degree condition through the use of a high-gain observer that will be coupled with the adaptive observer. On the other hand, the stability and performance of the proposed observer scheme will be analyzed by the use of a strict Lyapunov function based on the Mazenc construction, which allows to have provable convergence and to study the effect of sensor noise and model uncertainty through common Lyapunov theory. Finally, the proposed approach is validated in a compartmental epidemiology model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La corrección de la tetralogía de Fallot con parche transanular provoca a largo plazo una serie de efectos deletéreos sobre el ventrículo derecho. Para evitarlos, un conjunto importante de pacientes deberá ser reoperado para implantar una bioprótesis pulmonar, no exenta de futuras reintervenciones. Por ello, han surgido las técnicas de corrección de la tetralogía de Fallot con preservación de la válvula pulmonar nativa, pero tampoco están exentas de complicaciones, en especial, en forma de estenosis pulmonar. Una vez aparecida esta complicación, poco se conoce sobre la posibilidad de preservar de nuevo la válvula pulmonar nativa. Presentamos un caso de reoperación a largo plazo por estenosis pulmonar donde se preservó de nuevo la válvula pulmonar nativa.

Supercontinuum generation in the anomalous group-velocity dispersion regime is widely considered to be inherently unstable against input pulse fluctuations. This constraint has compelled a coherent supercontinuum to be triggered by femtosecond pulses. In this work, conditions for breaking this fundamental limitation are analytically derived and realized in a silicon waveguide by exploiting the Kerr nonlinearity dispersion. On this basis, coherent supercontinuum generation with picosecond pulses and anomalous group-velocity dispersion is numerically demonstrated, which crosses a long-standing frontier in nonlinear optics.

This work describes the development of an interactive tool to illustrate the analysis of Lure systems through the use of the describing function. This is a classic tool that is usually introduced in the introductory courses of non-linear control systems present in the majority of master's degrees in control engineering.

High surface area mixed oxide 8.7% NiO-CeO2nanoparticles (122 m2/g; 6–7 nm) were prepared using a reversed microemulsion method, and were tested for dry methane reforming (DRM). The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles remains stable under the severe conditions of DRM (700 °C), and they show better carbon resistance than conventional NiO-CeO2catalysts prepared without control of the size. The activity and selectivity of nanoparticles and reference catalyst are similar, but nanoparticles reduce the accumulation of carbon by 63% during the DRM tests, which is a key feature for this reaction. XPS and H2-TPR suggest that the improved carbon resistance of the nanoparticles is due to the better interaction and cooperation between NiO and CeO2mixed phases. In nanoparticles, the participation of cerium cations in the redox processes taking place during DRM stabilizes cationic species of nickel. On the contrary, the catalyst prepared without control of the size suffers segregation of Ni during DRM reaction, and segregated Ni explains the higher catalytic formation of carbon.

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Innovation and entrepreneurship are key factors to provide added value for food systems. Based on the findings of the Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership BoostEdu, the objective of this paper is to provide answers to three knowledge gaps: 1) identify the needs for innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) in the food sector; 2) understand the best way to organize learning; 3) provide flexibility in turbulent times. BoostEdu aimed to provide a platform for continuing education within I&E for food professionals and was carried out through co-creation workshops and the development of an e-learning course. The results of the project in particular during the Covid-19 pandemics, highlighted the need for flexible access to modules that are complementary to other sources and based on a mix of theoretical concepts and practical experiences. The main lessons learned concern the need of co-creation and co-learning processes to identify suitable practices for the use of innovative digital technologies.

Silicon-based ring resonators have been demonstrated to be a key element to build lab-on-chip devices due to their ability to perform as label-free photonic sensors. In this work, we demonstrate photonic biosensing using silicon nitride ring resonators operated in the TM mode around 1310 nm wavelengths. Our results show that operating the devices using the TM mode results in an increased sensitivity in comparison with the typically used TE mode, while working at 1310 nm wavelengths compared to 1550 nm contributes to an increased quality factor. As a result, a reduction in the intrinsic limit of detection is achieved, indicating the suitability of TM modes in the 1310 nm regime for biosensing using integrated photonics.

La aparición de tumores craneales inducidos por radiación en pacientes pediátricos tratados de enfermedades hematológicas como la leucemia/linfoma linfoblástico T (T-ALL/LBL) es un fenómeno conocido que puede incluir lesiones de diferentes grados de malignidad y precisar tratamiento neuroquirúrgico.

Nonlinear propagation of light pulses can excite dispersive waves anchored at frequencies determined by the chromatic dispersion curve. In this work, conditions enabling dispersive-wave self-frequency shift over the propagation distance are analytically derived in the normal dispersion regime. Importantly, this novel, to the best of our knowledge, scenario is not found by solving the complex dynamics of the pulse, but by studying the evolution of the nonlinear and dispersive length scales. This approach allows a simpler, yet consistent and insightful, analysis that may also be very useful in other nonlinear regimes.

In this study, the preferential CO oxidation (CO-PROX) reaction is simulated under advection–diffusion conditions in a CuO/CeO2catalyst-supported monolith built by 3D-printing. The simulation incorporates the mass balances in the bulk of the fluid, the momentum balance, and the heterogeneous chemical reactions. In the monolith constricted channels, the fluid velocity is 80% larger than in the wider channels. Three reactive regimes are identified: the CO oxidation-dominated regime governing up to 85 °C and the early and late transition regimes where the H2oxidation eventually increases. Up to 175 °C, a H2oxidation-dominated reactive regime was not identified. The simulation accurately predicts experimental results of CO conversion and selectivity in the range from 25 to 175 °C. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the composition of gas mixture fed significantly affects the ratio of reaction rates and, consequently, the CO conversion and CO selectivity; meanwhile, the rate of gas injection yields moderate changes in reactivity.

In this paper, a state-space model of a metal hydride tank is formulated and analyzed in detail. Firstly, a three-dimensional state-space model of the metal hydride tank is simplified by assuming that the tank temperature can be measured. Secondly, the model is completed with a pipe model, which allows to compute the input flow from the pipe pressure that can be easily measured. The proposed model solves the problem that the conventional metal hydride tank models usually take the mass flow rate as input and ignore the pressure as system input. Thirdly, the first-order trajectory sensitivity analysis method is adopted to determine the sensitivity of selected unknown parameters. Latter, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to estimate the unknown model parameters from experimental data. Finally, a comparison between experimental data and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed model can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the metal hydride tank.

To date, no immunological data on COVID-19 heterologous vaccination schedules in humans have been reported. We assessed the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, BioNTech, Mainz, Germany) administered as second dose in participants primed with ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca, Oxford, UK).