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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of malignant myeloid progenitor hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Recent studies have shown promising results with the use of small molecule inhibitors and targeted therapy in the treatment of patients with AML. One such molecule is venetoclax, which has been approved in AML by the FDA in combination with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine. We thoroughly searched electronic literature related to venetoclax and its role in AML, using databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsychInfo, through April 2024. We applied population, intervention, comparison, and outcome criteria, specifically focusing on studies with a population using venetoclax from review articles and clinical trials. All selected studies were required to be in English, and any study that did not involve the use of venetoclax was excluded. A meticulous literature review was conducted to consolidate the current knowledge and new combination therapies on AML. In our review article, we focused on the latest advances in the treatment of patients with AML. Based on the literature, we recommend that physicians prioritize the use of venetoclax in the management of this deadly disease because it has been shown to significantly impact the course of the disease., Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of malignant myeloid progenitor hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It primarily affects older people, [...]

We present a 65-year-old man with multiple myeloma who developed a rare complication of pleural effusion. Initial laboratory results showed elevated creatinine, calcium, and protein electrophoresis with an M spike. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed 80% plasma cells. Despite the rarity of pleural effusion in patients with multiple myeloma, our patient demonstrated significant improvement with targeted therapy and palliative care. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and management of pleural effusion in patients with multiple myeloma and underscores the need for further research into optimal management strategies and underlying mechanisms., Introduction Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produces monoclonal proteins (M protein). The term multiple myeloma originates from the Greek words myelos, meaning 'marrow,' and oma, meaning [...]

Saudi Arabia’s ambitious Vision 2030 marks a pivotal turning point, reshaping the economic landscape and positioning the kingdom as a dynamic global player. Central to this transformative vision is the [...]

In this study, we give some theoretical results for studying the structural connectivity of oligothiophene dendrimer by utilizing the neighborhood M-polynomial. The main result of this article presents the closed formula of neighborhood M-polynomial of oligothiophene dendrimer which is used for computing the neighborhood topological indices of the dendrimer. Among the various indices considered, the forgotten index obtained the highest value, followed by the Sanskruti index, first Zagreb index, and second Zagreb index. These topological indices exhibited an increasing trend as the number of generation increases across the dendrimer structure. Conversely, the general Randic index, harmonic index, geometric-arithmetic index and atom bond connectivity index are the least dominant indices, they display minimal increase as the generation increases. The significance of adopting the neighborhood M-polynomial to compute the topological index lies in the fact that it facilitates the analysis of complex molecules in a timely manner and allows pendant vertex to contribute more effectively to the overall degree value of the dendrimer. Furthermore, the dataset resulting from these topological indices serves as a foundation for future studies aimed at predicting the physicochemical properties of the dendrimer.

Byline: Amber. Bhayana, Shuaib. Siddiqui, S. Rajamathangi, Bhavana. Sharma, Sudarshan. Khokhar Dear Editor, We read with interest the article on pediatric cataract screening and commend the authors for their approach [...]

BackgroundMiddle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is a promising intervention as a stand-alone or adjunct treatment to surgery in patients with chronic subdural hematomas. There are currently no large animal models for selective access and embolization of the MMA for preclinical evaluation of this endovascular modality. Our objective was to introduce a novel in vivo model of selective MMA embolization in swine.MethodsDiagnostic cerebral angiography with selective microcatheter catheterization into the MMA was performed under general anesthesia in five swine. Anatomical variants in arterial meningeal supply were examined. In two animals, subsequent embolization of the MMA with a liquid embolic agent (Onyx-18) was performed, followed by brain tissue harvest and histological analysis.ResultsThe MMA was consistently localized as a branch of the internal maxillary artery just distal to the origin of the ascending pharyngeal artery. Additional meningeal supply was observed from the external ophthalmic artery, although not present consistently. MMA embolization with Onyx was technically successful and feasible. Histological analysis showed Onyx material within the MMA lumen.ConclusionsMicrocatheter access into the MMA in swine with liquid embolic agent delivery represents a reproducible model of MMA embolization. Anatomical variations in the distribution of arterial supply to the meninges exist. This model has a potential application for comparing therapeutic effects of various embolic agents in a preclinical setting that closely resembles the MMA embolization procedure in humans.

BackgroundThe role for the transradial approach for mechanical thrombectomy is controversial. We sought to compare transradial and transfemoral mechanical thrombectomy in a large multicenter database of acute ischemic stroke.MethodsThe prospectively maintained Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) was reviewed for patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for an internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess outcomes including reperfusion time, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), distal embolization, and functional outcomes.ResultsA total of 2258 cases, 1976 via the transfemoral approach and 282 via the transradial approach, were included. Radial access was associated with shorter reperfusion time (34.1 min vs 43.6 min, P=0.001) with similar rates of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2B or greater reperfusion (87.9% vs 88.1%, P=0.246). Patients treated via a transradial approach were more likely to achieve at least TICI 2C (59.6% vs 54.7%, P=0.001) and TICI 3 reperfusion (50.0% vs 46.2%, P=0.001), and had shorter lengths of stay (mean 9.2 days vs 10.2, P<0.001). Patients treated transradially had a lower rate of symptomatic ICH (8.0% vs 9.4%, P=0.047) but a higher rate of distal embolization (23.0% vs 7.1%, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in functional outcome at 90 days between the two groups.ConclusionsRadial and femoral thrombectomy resulted in similar clinical outcomes. In multivariate analysis, the radial approach had improved revascularization rates, fewer cases of symptomatic ICH, and faster reperfusion times, but higher rates of distal emboli. Further studies on the optimal approach are necessary based on patient and disease characteristics.

The functional activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and its interplay with the aberrant Hh/Gli cascade are pivotal in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and resistance to AR-targeted therapies. Our study unveiled a novel role of the truncated form of Gli (t-Gli3) in advancing CRPC. Investigation into Gli3 regulation revealed a Smo-independent mechanism for its activation. Despite lacking a transactivation domain, t-Gli3 relies on androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) for its action. Mechanistically, Gsk3β activation led to the t-Gli3 generation, and inhibition of Gsk3β supported the accumulation of full-length Gli3 expression through a non-canonical mechanism. Knockdown of Gsk3β (Gsk3β KD) reduces CRPC cell proliferation, induces apoptosis via mitochondrial fragmentation, and triggers metabolomic reprogramming. The in vivo studies with Gsk3β KD cells in the mouse prostate resulted in tumor growth retardation compared to scramble cells. RNA-seq HALLMARK Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis of Gsk3β KD revealed a positive enrichment of apoptosis, tumor suppressor gene, and negative enrichment of oncogenic pathway. Furthermore, combinational use of a Gsk3β inhibitor with anti-Smo or Gli1 significantly inhibited the CRPC cell growth, which is resistant to individual Smo or Gli1 inhibitor targeting. Intriguingly, solely targeting Gli3 showed effectiveness in inhibiting CRPC cell growth. Overall, our study underscores the clinical significance of Gli3, emphasizing t-Gli3, and provides novel insights into the interplay of the Gsk3β/t-Gli3/AR-V7 axis in CRPC.

Silicon dioxide/graphene oxide/aluminum oxide (SiO2/GO/Al2O3) nanocomposite was prepared for the ciprofloxacin (CPF) drug adsorption. The characterization techniques involving field-emission-scanning-electron-microscopy (FE-SEM) determined the topography of the nanocomposite and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) determined the particle size for SiO2/GO/Al2O3. The EDX confirmed the elemental composition of the materials incorporated, while the X-RD analysis inferred the crystalline nature of SiO2/GO/Al2O3. The FT-IR analysis showcased the role of the capping groups involved. The present study focuses on the adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CPF) drug onto SiO2/GO/Al2O3regarding kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics studies, and factors, such as solution pH, temperature, concentration, and time. The outcome showed that the highest adsorption of CPF was observed onto the SiO2/GO/Al2O3composite at pH 6.0. Similarly, the utmost adsorptive capacity of 499.44 mg g−1was achieved in 180 min and 500 mgL−1CPF solution concentration. The CPF uptake on SiO2/GO/Al2O3was in coordination with the pseudo-second-order equation and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters ciphered that the uptake of the CPF drug was spontaneous. The drug was easily desorbed using 0.1 M (aq) ethanol solution for six adsorption–desorption cycles.

This study conducted a comparative thermodynamic assessment of an integrated system that utilises a wet-ethanol fuelled HCCI engine to meet energy needs in a sustainable way. Utilising the waste heat from HCCI engines in conjunction with the Kalina cycle and NH3-H2O-based absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC), the system can simultaneously provide power, cooling, and heating. Various parameters were used to analyse the integrated system's performance. Results show that incorporating Kalina and ARC cycles effectively utilises the waste heat from the HCCI engine, increasing the thermal efficiency of combined cycle by 23.78% to 52.0% and exergy efficiency by 14.55% to 39.60%.

Background: Traditional nomograms can inform the presence of extraprostatic extension (EPE) but not laterality, which remains important for surgical planning, and have not fully incorporated multiparametric MRI data. We evaluated predictors of side-specific EPE on surgical pathology including MRI characteristics and developed side-specific EPE risk calculators. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of patients evaluated with mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) in our eleven hospital healthcare system from July 2018-November 2022. The dominant side was defined pre-operatively using a tiered system based on laterality of highest biopsy Gleason Grade Group (GG), highest PIRADS lesion, number of lesions, and cancer volume. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed for overall EPE, dominant side EPE, and non-dominant side EPE. Internal validation with leave one out and calibration curves were completed. Results: EPE was identified in 53% (317/601) of patients at RP. Side-specific factors (PIRADS, GG, abutment) were only associated with EPE on their respective side. Final variables in the model associated with EPE on the dominant and non-dominant sides included age, log PSA density (PSAD), side-specific PIRADS 5, side-specific GG3–5, and percentage positivity of systematic cores. AUCs for dominant and non-dominant side EPE were 0.77 (95% CI 0.73—0.80) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.74–0.84), respectively. MRI-identified abutment and prostate health index (PHI) did not improve model discrimination. Risk calculators available online at https://rossnm1.shinyapps.io/PredictionOfEPELaterality/. Conclusions: PSA, side-specific PIRADS, side-specific GG, and percentage positivity of systematic cores were associated with side-specific EPE at RP and incorporated into a risk calculator to assist in surgical planning and nerve-sparing decisions at time of RP.

BackgroundThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is frequently used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Postoperative management, including the use of aspirin, varies among clinicians and institutions, but its impact on the outcomes of the WEB has not been thoroughly investigated.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter study involving 30 academic institutions in North America, South America, and Europe. Data from 1492 patients treated with the WEB device were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their postoperative use of aspirin (aspirin group: n=1124, non-aspirin group: n=368). Data points included patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, complications, and angiographic and functional outcomes. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance variables between the two groups.ResultsPrior to PSM, the aspirin group exhibited significantly higher rates of modified Rankin scale (mRS) mRS 0–1 and mRS 0–2 (89.8% vs 73.4% and 94.1% vs 79.8%, p<0.001), lower rates of mortality (1.6% vs 8.6%, p<0.001), and higher major compaction rates (13.4% vs 7%, p<0.001). Post-PSM, the aspirin group showed significantly higher rates of retreatment (p=0.026) and major compaction (p=0.037) while maintaining its higher rates of good functional outcomes and lower mortality rates. In the multivariable regression, aspirin was associated with higher rates of mRS 0–1 (OR 2.166; 95% CI 1.16 to 4, p=0.016) and mRS 0–2 (OR 2.817; 95% CI 1.36 to 5.88, p=0.005) and lower rates of mortality (OR 0.228; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.83, p=0.025). However, it was associated with higher rates of retreatment (OR 2.471; 95% CI 1.11 to 5.51, p=0.027).ConclusionsAspirin use post-WEB treatment may lead to better functional outcomes and lower mortality but with higher retreatment rates. These insights are crucial for postoperative management after WEB procedures, but further studies are necessary for validation.

ABSTRACTDNA barcoding has proven to be an effective technique for molecular-level identification in plants, including orchids which exhibit a great degree of genetic variability but show almost identical morphological features in closely related genera. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of universal chloroplast gene markers, matK(maturase K gene) and rbcL(ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit) as DNA barcodes to identify Aerides multifloraand Rhynchostylis retusaat species level. The DNA sequences from different genotypes of both the orchid species collected from natural populations were compared with database sequences of orchid species using BLAST and maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. For A. multiflorasamples, the phylogenetic analysis revealed a highest of 99.4% sequence percentage alignment (for matKregion) and 99.39% percent identity with sequences belonging to A. multifloraaccessions. In the case of R. retusa, the matKregion showed a highest sequence percentage alignment of 99.87% with the accessions of R. retusa, while the highest per cent identity for the rbcL region was 100% that matched with accessions of R. retusa, C. peduncularisand A. praemorsa. The study confirms the reliability of matKand rbcLmarkers for authentication of the two orchid species under the current investigation.

Grape wine processing is one of the topmost industries in the agricultural sectors worldwide where 75 vol% of grape production is utilized for winemaking. The winemaking process leaves behind 20–30 wt% by-products or wastes. This winery waste contains a large number of sugars, fibers, phenolic compounds, pigments, and other organic compounds which can be extracted as value-added products for sustainable consumption. This review article discusses recent trends in winery waste utilization for bioactive compounds and their various industrial applications. In this context, the chemical composition and extraction of bioactive compounds using conventional and emerging technologies were outlined. A brief discussion has been made on the recent trends of winery waste utilization in different industries including, functional food, cosmetics, bio-energy, etc. as well as the health benefits of the bioactive compounds.

The embryonal subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent, commonly seen in children. However, it is uncommon to discover this subtype in adults, especially in the larynx. We presented a rare case of a 63 years old man who presented with worsening hoarseness, dysphagia for solids, and dyspnea and was later diagnosed with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as a public health threat as it affects approximately 38% of the adult population worldwide, with its prevalence rising in step with that of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Beyond the implications of MASLD for liver health, it is also associated with cardiovascular and vascular dysfunction. Although the many shared risk factors and common metabolic milieu might indicate that cardiovascular disease and MASLD are discrete outcomes from common systemic pathogeneses, a growing body of evidence has identified a potential causal relationship between MASLD and coronary artery disease, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with MASLD and all-cause mortality worldwide. This Review takes an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on hepatology, cardiology, endocrinology, and metabolic and internal medicine specialists to help to delineate the intricate interplay between MASLD and coronary artery disease. It sheds light on novel opportunities for targeted interventions and personalised management strategies.

H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) express high levels of the disialoganglioside GD2 (ref. 1). Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells targeting GD2 (GD2-CART) eradicated DMGs in preclinical models1. Arm A of Phase I trial no. NCT04196413(ref. 2) administered one intravenous (IV) dose of autologous GD2-CART to patients with H3K27M-mutant pontine (DIPG) or spinal DMG (sDMG) at two dose levels (DL1, 1 × 106kg−1; DL2, 3 × 106kg−1) following lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Patients with clinical or imaging benefit were eligible for subsequent intracerebroventricular (ICV) intracranial infusions (10–30 × 106GD2-CART). Primary objectives were manufacturing feasibility, tolerability and the identification of maximally tolerated IV dose. Secondary objectives included preliminary assessments of benefit. Thirteen patients enroled, with 11 receiving IV GD2-CART on study (n= 3 DL1 (3 DIPG); n= 8 DL2 (6 DIPG, 2 sDMG)). GD2-CART manufacture was successful for all patients. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred on DL1, but three patients experienced dose-limiting cytokine release syndrome on DL2, establishing DL1 as the maximally tolerated IV dose. Nine patients received ICV infusions, with no dose-limiting toxicities. All patients exhibited tumour inflammation-associated neurotoxicity, safely managed with intensive monitoring and care. Four patients demonstrated major volumetric tumour reductions (52, 54, 91 and 100%), with a further three patients exhibiting smaller reductions. One patient exhibited a complete response ongoing for over 30 months since enrolment. Nine patients demonstrated neurological benefit, as measured by a protocol-directed clinical improvement score. Sequential IV, followed by ICV GD2-CART, induced tumour regressions and neurological improvements in patients with DIPG and those with sDMG.

Ancillary testing on cytopathology and other small biopsy specimens is crucial for diagnosis and provides critical information to clinicians. Testing is dependent on preanalytic factors and would benefit from standardization of specimen collection protocols across laboratories. To assess institutional practices and areas of need for evidence-based standards, we surveyed current practices across cytopathology laboratories.

An association between preoperative markers of systemic inflammation and inferior mortality following abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair has been observed. The prognostic value of the postoperative inflammatory response remains unreported in patients with AAA. This study aimed to describe the association between the perioperative inflammatory response and mortality in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair and open surgical repair (OSR) for infrarenal AAA.

Purpose: Methylglyoxal (MG) is the most potent precursor during the formation of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MG-dependent glycative stress contributes to pathogenesis of diabetes, age-related disorders, and cancer. There is a great need to study the reduction process of glycative stress for effective management of metabolic disorders. From natural compounds to synthetic drugs, each element contributes to the reduction of glycative stress. Previously, it was established that the lowering of uric acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and urine albumin excretion rate, as well as reducing total oxidative stress, were all achieved more effectively with a levothyroxine regimen. Still, there is no such study found that supports the MG-dependent glycative stress reduction with thyroid hormone compound. Our study aims to investigate the effects of T3 and T4 on MG-dependent glycative stress. Methods: The antiglycation effect was assayed through NBT assay, DNPH assay, ELISA, and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The intracellular reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been estimated through confocal microscopy. Results: The results revealed an effective reduction in the formation of AGEs adducts and intracellular ROS formation. Conclusion: The investigation concludes AGEs formation was suppressed using these compounds, although in vivo and rigorous clinical trials are required in order to verify these findings.

Complex pleural space infections often require treatment with multiple doses of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and deoxyribonuclease, with treatment failure frequently necessitating surgery. Pleural infections are rich in neutrophils, and neutrophil elastase degrades plasminogen, the target substrate of tPA, that is required to generate fibrinolysis. We hypothesized that pleural fluid from patients with pleural space infection would show high elastase activity, evidence of inflammatory plasminogen degradation, and low fibrinolytic potential in response to tPA that could be rescued with plasminogen supplementation.

AbstractThis study assessed the potential of a commercial probiotic mixture on performance, gut health and nutrient utilisation of broilers-fed poultry by-product meal (PBM)-based diet. Three-hundred-and-twenty Ross-308-day-old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial poultry hatchery. The chicks were randomly assigned to four different treatment groups, each consisting of four replicates (n = 10) in a randomised complete design. The positive control group (CON) was fed commercial poultry ration, and the negative control group (N-CON) was fed PBM partially replacing soybean meal at a 65% level. The MSP1 and MSP2 groups contained the same diet as the N-CON group but supplemented with multi-strain probiotics (MSP) at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Overall N-CON group performed poorly, but the addition of probiotics in group MSP1 and MSP2 diets significantly improved performance. Feed efficiency and bird weight gain were improved (p < .05) by multi-strain probiotics supplementation in MSP1 and MSP2 groups compared to N-CON. The highest weight gain was observed in MSP2 and lowest in the N-CON group. Increasing levels of probiotics significantly increased villi length, width and surface area in probiotics-supplemented groups compared to non-supplemented groups. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility were improved (p < .05) in probiotics-supplemented groups compared to N-CON. In conclusion, PBM at a 6.5% level was successfully used to replace soybean meal with multi-strain probiotics supplementation without compromising broiler health.

ABSTRACTThe process of alternative splicing (AS) is widely deregulated in a variety of cancers. Splicing is dependent upon splicing factors. Recently, several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate AS by directly/indirectly interacting with splicing factors. This review focuses on the regulation of AS by lncRNAs through their interaction with splicing factors. AS mis-regulation caused by either mutation in splicing factors or deregulated expression of splicing factors and lncRNAs has been shown to be involved in cancer development and progression, making aberrant splicing, splicing factors and lncRNA suitable targets for cancer therapy. This review also addresses some of the current approaches used to target AS, splicing factors and lncRNAs. Finally, we discuss research challenges, some of the unanswered questions in the field and provide recommendations to advance understanding of the nexus of lncRNAs, AS and splicing factors in cancer.

Dry turning operations are required to be performed during production to achieve sustainable development goals as per environmental protection guidelines. In such machining operations, there is no need of supply of mineral based cutting fluids (MBCF) which creates problems of environment contamination and health risks to operators such as lung cancer, eye irritation and skin diseases etc. Al1070 alloys are currently used in construction industry, transport, communication cables and refrigerator cabinets as light weight structural material. The main objectives of the present study are to explore the dry turning operation (without use of MBCF) using Al1070 alloy. The X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis was performed to check composition of MBCF. Several harmful elements such as phosphorus, chlorine, and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate were present which create high health risk to operators in turning operation with MBCF. The work piece, the cutting tool, the electricity consumption, and the recycling of the chips during the turning process contributed to the total carbon emissions. Significant positive impacts on environment have been achieved in dry turning operation as compared to tuning with MBCF. 19.85% reduction in carbon emissions and 37.12% reduction in tool temperature were achieved in dry turning operation with minimal tool wear and surface defects.

AbstractIntroduction and Aims:Symptomatology of epilepsy and its’ associated alteration in brain processes, stigma of experiencing seizures, and adverse sequelae of anti-epileptics have been demonstrated to impact behaviour and exacerbate psychopathology. This study examines the role of dysfunctional schema modes in People with Epilepsy (PWE) and their association with psychiatric symptoms.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 108 PWE treated with anti-epileptics for at least one year and with no history or mental disorder or psycho-active substance use. Clinical symptoms were measured utilising the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) with schema modes measured utilising the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI).Results:Maladaptive coping and child schema modes were significantly higher in individuals from lower socio-economic status group (p< 0.01), with several maladaptive schema modes more prevalent in males. Hostility symptoms were increased in individuals from lower socio-economic classes and were more prevalent early in disease course. Several psychological symptoms including somatisation, interpersonal, obsession, depression, paranoia, hostility, phobia, anxiety, and psychoticism, were predicted by various maladaptive schema modes (p< 0.001).Conclusion:This study highlights the impact of maladaptive schemas, suggesting that PWE might benefit from the introduction of appropriate psychotherapeutic interventions such as schema-focused therapy, particularly if from lower socio-economic classes or in the early stages of theirdisease course.

The ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) and sensing technologies provide an interesting opportunity of remote health monitoring and disease risk categorisation of populations. An end‐to‐end architecture is proposed to facilitate real‐time digital dashboards to visualise general anxiety risks of patients, especially during a pandemic, such as COVID‐19. To collect physiological data related to anxiety (heart rate, blood pressure, and saturation of peripheral oxygen [SPO2]) and communicate them to a centralised dashboard, dubbed ‘X‐DASH’, a hardware prototype of the proposed architecture was developed using Node‐MCU and diverse sensors. The dashboard presents a smart categorisation of users' data, assessing their anxiety risks, to provide medical professionals and state authorities a clear visualisation of health risks in populations belonging to different regions. We categorised the risk levels as Normal, Mild, Moderate, Elevated, Severe, and Extreme, based on the collected physiological data and pre‐defined threshold values. The developed hardware prototype in this work was used to collect data from about 500 patients present at cardiac clinic of a leading general hospital in Karachi (Pakistan) and the anxiety risk levels were assigned based on pre‐defined threshold values. To validate the reliability of the X‐DASH, the personal physician of each patient was consulted and was requested to identify each of their anxiety risk levels. It was found that the risk levels suggested by X‐DASH, (based on data of heart rate, blood pressure, and SPO2were more than 90% accurate when compared with diagnoses of physicians. Subsequently, packet loss, delay and network overhead for the platform was compared when using MQTT, CoAP and Modbus. Although MQTT has shown higher delays, but it is still recommended due to having a higher reliability. An anxiety risk assessment dashboard is presented based on data collected from Internet of Things sensors. We present the data obtained from patients, during the clinical trials where the authors’ devices were used to collect data. Moreover, the validation of data collected by pscyhologists has also been included.

We sought to determine if using clear masks in the operating room improves communication for patients undergoing awake deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery.

The female labor force participation rate in South Asia, already among the lowest in the world, has been falling in several countries of the region. To understand the sources of this pattern, we use a decomposition method to compare the experience of Bangladesh during 1991–2011 with that of neighboring Indian states during 1987–2009. The results point to the role of structural change: changes in women’s employment rate in the neighboring Indian states relative to Bangladesh were driven more by changes in opportunities in the agricultural sector. At the same time, changes beyond economic opportunity alone may have played a role: women’s education led to increased labor force participation in Bangladesh, while the opposite was true in the Indian states.

Reduced wear and friction are directly related to longer component service lives and increased energy efficiency. The mechanisms used to achieve this goal in mechanical systems include the study of lubricant chemistry, surface coating, and surface modification. Significant research has been conducted on friction reduction of valve trains of internal combustion engines using surface modifications such as coatings and surface texturing. Here, an experimental approach has been adopted to investigate the effect of micro surface texturing on Thermo-Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated cam/tappet contact in a direct-acting valve train. A commercial vehicle valve train has been instrumented to study the effect of varying surface texture area density on friction under realistic engine operating conditions. Fiber laser surface texturing has been used to microtexture three samples of tappet shims with texture densities of 5%, 8%, and 10%. The tests have been run at four engine speeds—300, 500, 700, and 900 RPM—and three temperatures—30 °C, 60 °C, and 90 °C. The experimental results show a significant friction reduction of up to 18.33% for textured shims at the temperature of 90 °C. The friction reduction performance of the 8% textured shim has been optimum for all RPMs at the higher temperatures.

The present investigation is performed for estimating the white layer deposited on the electro-discharge machined surface post-machining. Copper-tungsten is used as tool material while AISI 4340 is selected as the workpiece. AISI 4340 possesses high toughness, wear-resistant and is majorly applicable in automotive industries. Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) is implemented for designing the experiments with current, on-time of pulse, voltage, and duty factor as the EDM constraints. Later, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was executed to estimate the thickness of the deposited white layer. The model suggested that current, on time of pulse and voltage are crucial terms while duty factor is found to be the only non-influential parameter for the thickness of the white layer. Current being an important parameter influences the WL deposition as it has p-value < 0.0001 while the duty factor is insignificant as it has a p-value of 0.2227. For white layer to be thinner, it is advisable to select machining parameters with their lower values. Furthermore, thicker white layer deposition on the machined surface is observed at higher spark intensity. Longer on-duration limits the flushing of debris, resulting in higher white layer deposition. Moreover, model validation was performed using design expert, and the residual error for white layer thickness was evaluated as 1.37% suggesting the suitability of the model.

Bubble columns are widely used as multiphase contacting devices in chemical process industries (CPIs), wherein, the gas–liquid interaction is very crucial. The rheological behavior of the liquid phase shifts from Newtonian (NF) to non-Newtonian (n-NF) during the process in CPIs that alters the bubble dynamics inside the bubble column at the local level which further contributes to modifying the global hydrodynamics parameters i.e., gas holdup, regime transitions, mixing time, and mass transfer. In order to understand this complex phenomenon, an isolated bubble was simulated inside an infinite domain in the presence of water (a low-viscosity NF) and CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC) (a shear-thinning n-NF). Simulations were performed ANSYS Fluent 19.2 using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model to capture/track bubble interface along with the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) model to treat surface tension. The CFD results of terminal velocity were validated with the experimental measurement and correlation’s prediction for bubble ascent in conventional bubble columns. The validated CFD model effectively demonstrated the terminal velocity, bubble shape, trajectory, molecular viscosity, strain rate and bubble–liquid dynamic behavior. There is a limited research comparing bubble behavior in both NF and n-NF. This study significantly contributes by comparing the unique bubble behavior and dynamics in these fluids. The findings of this study will provide a useful guideline for designing and development of diverse gas–liquid contacting devices.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system represents a state-of-the-art technology for precise genome editing in plants. In this study, we performed in silico and evolutionary analyses, as well as designed guide RNA (gRNA) constructs for the precise modification of the thermosensitive genic male sterile (OsTMS5) gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice (Oryza sativaL.). The OsTMS5promoter harbours a diverse array of cis-elements, which are linked to light responsiveness, hormonal regulation, and stress-related signaling. Further, expression pattern of OsTMS5revealed that OsTMS5exhibited responsiveness to hormones and was activated across diverse tissues and developmental stages in rice. In addition, we meticulously designed gRNA with a length of 20 base pairs. This design process was conducted using the CRISPR-P v2.0 online platform. The target of these gRNAs was the rice OsTMS5gene. The selection of the top two gRNAs was made after conducting a thorough evaluation, which included assessing factors such as on-score value, minimum off-target score, GC content, potential off-target sites, and genomic location. Furthermore, two types of entry vectors were utilized, and the pMDC99 vector served as the destination vector for plant transformation. Following the annealing and ligation of the gRNAs through LR recombination, the resulting plasmid was named as “pMDC99-eSPCas9 + OsU6-OsTMS5-target1-gRNA + OsU6-OsTMS5-target2-gRNA”. Subsequently, this plasmid obtained from the third LR recombination was introduced into AgrobacteriumEHA105 for the purpose of conducting rice transformation. Therefore, these constructs have the potential for use not only in molecular genetic analyses and molecular breeding in rice but also in a wide range of other crop species.

Purpose: This paper aims to reduce the cost of experiments required to test the efficiency of materials suitable for artificial tissue ablation by increasing efficiency and accurately forecasting heating properties. Design/methodology/approach: A two-step numerical analysis is used to develop and simulate a bioheat model using improved finite element method and deep learning algorithms, systematically regulating temperature distributions within the hydrogel artificial tissue during radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The model connects supervised learning and finite element analysis data to optimize electrode configurations, ensuring precise heat application while protecting surrounding hydrogel integrity. Findings: The model accurately predicts a range of thermal changes critical for optimizing RFA, thereby enhancing treatment precision and minimizing impact on surrounding hydrogel materials. This computational approach not only advances the understanding of thermal dynamics but also provides a robust framework for improving therapeutic outcomes. Originality/value: A computational predictive bioheat model, incorporating deep learning to optimize electrode configurations and minimize collateral tissue damage, represents a pioneering approach in interventional research. This method offers efficient evaluation of thermal strategies with reduced computational overhead compared to traditional numerical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs) are unique thin films with vertical nanostructures embedded in a matrix material, allowing for the integration of two distinct materials. These nanocomposites offer novel combined physical properties, such as nanocomposite-based multiferroics and strongly coupled physical properties, such as magneto-optic coupling. Much work has been conducted in exploring different two-phase combinations and various processing conditions to achieve novel tunable properties that cannot be obtained by any single-phase material alone. In this work, the target configuration effects are explored for the growth of LaFeO3–CoNi2O4VANs. Both mixed and pie-shaped targets are utilized to compare the target configuration effects on the phase separation, morphology tuning, and their resulting physical properties, including optical and magnetic properties. This work suggests that the target configuration is another important parameter for achieving the desired VAN morphology and can be used to design different two-phase VANs with tailorable properties.

Carbon geo-sequestration (CGS) is considered a mitigation technology for removing harmful CO2accumulations from the environment contributing toward a low-carbon future. One of the key concerns with CGS in deep geological formations is to prevent CO2leakage to the environment requiring long-term integrity of caprock (seal rock), which is affected by its wettability. This state-of-the-art review explores the key parameters that affect seal rock wettability in shale–CO2–brine systems, such as the pressure, temperature, brine salinity, and CO2-aging time. The caprock sealing efficiency may also be affected by the presence of common shale minerals (i.e., mica, illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite), which adversely affect wettability. The review indicates that increased pressure generally enhances CO2-wetness (i.e., increases contact angle) across different minerals, with shale showing the most pronounced shifts. On the other hand, an increase in the temperature tends to reduce CO2-wetness (i.e., decreases contact angle, making it more water-wet), particularly for shale. However, the effect of higher salinity on the wettability of shale had no clear trend, either increasing, decreasing, or having no effect, depending upon the mineral composition. The long-term exposure (aging) of shale in a CO2-rich environment changed the wettability from water-wet to CO2-wet, which would reduce the caprock sealing capacity. Additionally, this review critically analyzes the published literature, highlighting the discrepancies and pointing out the areas where further research is needed. Moreover, the use of nanoparticles and surfactants alone or in a mixture was shown to increase the rock sealing capacity due to alteration in its wettability toward a more water-wet state. The effect of these ancillary materials is synergistic in enhancing caprock sealing integrity. This review also highlights the significance of caprock wettability for structural trapping integrity and, thus, CO2containment security.

The retrieval of bionanomaterials from aquatic resources and byproducts presents significant potential across various fields, including medicine and environmental repair. Bionanomaterials, derived from biological sources at the nano-scale, possess distinctive qualities stemming from their natural origins, such as being biocompatible and environmentally friendly. The extraction procedure employs diverse methods, such as enzymatic breakdown, chemical treatments, and physical techniques like high-pressure homogenization, to reduce raw materials into nano-sized formations while preserving their inherent characteristics. These resultant bionanomaterials can function as carriers for medications, catalysts, agents against microbes, and even materials for constructing nanodevices. Moreover, the sustainable retrieval of bionanomaterials from aquatic resources and byproducts aligns with circular economy principles by reducing waste and optimizing resource usage. With advancing technology and the development of sustainable methods, these materials could have a crucial role in shaping the future of both nanotechnology and environmental preservation.

The uniform longitudinal magnetic field plays a major role in gyroklystron operation, as it maintains the optimal detuning between the radio frequency (RF) fields and the electron beam, enabling an efficient energy extraction mechanism. However, achieving and maintaining a highly uniform magnetic field throughout the RF interaction structure is quite difficult. Magnet design limitations, manufacturing tolerances, alignment issues, and many other unknowns in gyroklystron theory and design can all contribute to magnetic field nonuniformities. Even small nonuniformities in the magnetic field can change substantially the characteristics of the device performance due to the nonoptimal detuning behavior. In this article, an analytical approach based on nonlinear theory has been developed to investigate the effects of cavity magnetic field detuning on the performance of a two-cavity gyroklystron amplifier. The analytical results from the developed analysis are numerically validated for the optimal detuning case against the results of an experimental, two-cavity 35 GHz fundamental harmonic gyroklystron amplifier, as reported in the literature. Subsequently, the analysis is extended to study the impact of unintentional cavity magnetic field detuning on gyroklystron performance. It is found that the unintentional magnetic field detuning in both cavities (input and output) deteriorates the performance characteristics like efficiency, output power, gain, and bandwidth of the gyroklystron. However, the device’s −3 dB bandwidth is found more sensitive to cavity magnetic detuning. The results further demonstrate that the device performance exhibits a greater sensitivity to detuning of the magnetic field in the output cavity than to that in the input cavity.

Purpose of the Study: Multiligament injuries (MLKI) of the knee mainly result from high-velocity impacts. This study was done to analyse multilgament knee reconstructions done in a single setting at a minimum 12 month follow-up with objective gait, squat, stability and fluoroscopic examination along with PROMs and compare the individual KD categories. Also, the study analyses the difference between &lt; 30- and > 30-year-olds as well as those who had sporting injuries versus RTAs. Methodology: All cruciate ligaments were reconstructed arthroscopically. Collateral ligaments were reconstructed using autografts and fixed with interference screws. All were kept non-weight-bearing for 6 weeks on a brace. ROM exercises were begun at the earliest. Gait analysis, stability, balance, squat analysis and fluoroscopic analysis were used to determine the objective outcomes during follow-ups. PROMs were analysed pre- and postoperatively to document the functional activity of the patient. The analysis of the various parameters with objective measurements of the clinical, functional and patient-reported measures was done to assess the outcome in multiligament knee injury patients. Results: ACL with MCL was the most common presenting multiligament-involved presentation, with KD3 being the most common pattern of injury. The parameters for contact time, step length, ROM at knee and hip on the normal and operated limbs were near normal and same at a minimum 1-year follow-up with a good stability index. The PROMs improved significantly postop. There was no difference in the results of sporting versus non-sporting injuries, those &lt; 30 and > 30 years and between the individual KD groups. Conclusion: The results showed statistically significant improvement in stability and PROMs at follow-up in multiligament reconstructions, but no difference comparing individual KD groups, &lt; 30 and > 30 years age and those injured by RTA s and sporting injuries.

Current literature lacks data regarding the influence of serous fluid volume (SFV) on next-generation sequencing (NGS) performed on malignant cases. In this study, we highlight the impact of SFV and other parameters influencing the outcome of NGS analysis.

Allium sativumL. has been used medicinally and traditionally since antiquity. This study sought to examine the Allium sativumethanolic extract (ASEE) in inducing apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and the molecular interactions of the identified components with cell death markers using in silicomethod.

Byline: Noorin. Zaidi, Zainab. Siddiqui, Satya. Sankhwar, Anand. Srivastava Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a disease quite common in developed countries; however, its incidence is increasing in developing countries [...]

Byline: Syed. A Rizvi, Iraj. Khan, Syed. D Qaseem, Syed. R Rizvi, Mohammed. Siddiqui, Pragya. Ahuja Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by dysmorphism of ocular [...]