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ABSTRACTAnalytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes(HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910–1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi(bark of the mulberry tree, Morus albaL.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials.

Purpose This study provides an overview of the changes and developments of the sociology of education in China as it enters the new era as well as its future outlook.Design/Approach/Methods This study combed and analyzed research in the field of the sociology of education in China during the period from 2012 to 2022 on three issues—educational fairness, rural education, and educational reform—to clarify the field's research characteristics and trends.Findings In the new era, scholarship on the sociology of education has shifted to focus on achieving high-quality education, modernization, and digitization as new avenues for promoting educational fairness, rural education, and educational reform. As a result, research on the sociology of education in China has employed broader perspectives, adopted a more reflexive approach toward research objects, and embraced more humanistic values.Originality/Value This study compiles research on the sociology of education in China in the new era and identifies that the field is moving toward a highly integrative approach. The findings provide useful references for learning and understanding the sociology of education in China.

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calligraphy Magazine / Shufa is the property of Shanghai Painting & Calligraphy Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Cleaning Industry / Zhongguo Xidi Yongpin Gongye is the property of China Cleaning Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to reduce the influence of the emphasis error to the X-ray pulsar navigation system performance，a RKF based method for dealing the emphasis error is proposed. Through analyzing the emphasis error, the relationship between emphasis error and time is obtained. The measurement model with emphasis error is established and calculated with the principle of Kalman filter. The estimation error covariance is dealing with the matrix inequality due to the emphasis error is contained in the estimation error covariance. The proposed RKF method is tested on the Earth and Mars rotation orbit and compared with UKF and other filtering method which can deal with the emphasis error. The simulation results shows the proposed method can achieve higher positioning accuracy than UKF and the other two filtering methods, the RKF based method can greatly reduce the impact of emphasis error for XNAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Republican Archives / Minguo Dang'an is the property of Second Historical Archives of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To avoid unnecessary duplication of processing and meet the real-time requirement of video SAR,an image formation algorithm of spaceborne video Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) based on sub-aperture extended chirp scaling processing was proposed. Firstly,the SAR raw data segmentation approach was presented to realize the SAR video frames continuous output. Secondly,the raw data of a video frame was divided to several sub-apertures,after the extended CS processing in the sub-apertures, the frequency sub-bands of sub-apertures were combined to achieve the desired high azimuth resolution video SAR frames. This innovative image formation algorithm can avoid the duplication of processing and improve computation efficiency. The overlapping ratio of processing decreaseed from 78.1% to 10%. Finally.experiments on simulated data show that the proposed algorithm is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to unify the almanac fitting algorithm for three kinds of the satellites of the BeiDou navigation satellite system, the method of designing the almanac parameters based on the second class of non singular orbital elements is proposed. The rate of the inclination vector is designed for the perturbation parameters and the user algorithm of the new almanac model is provided. The almanac fitting test is carried out based on the numerical orbits of the BeiDou satellites in orbit throughout 2013. The results show that the fitting position error for geostationary Earth orbit ( GEO ) and inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit( IGSO ) is from 2 to 4 km and the fitting user range error ( URE ) is about 1 km. The fitting position error for medium Earth orbit ( MEO ) is from 1 to 2 km and the fitting URE is about 0.5 km. Through the analysis for the 6 orbital elements parameter variation range, the interface about scale factor and effective range are designed. The quantitative error for the almanac expression is analyzed, and the results show that the position error caused by the truncation is less than 50 m, and the URE caused by the truncation is less than 5 m. Therefore, the influence of the almanac quantitative error on signal capture and TTFF (Time to first fix ) can be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper,a methodology for automatically extracting impact craters from planet surface based on image data is presented according to that the sunny side of crater is bright and the back side is dark. In the instance,the optical image from the planet surface is segmented by using the adaptive double threshold segmentation method,and both shape and position information of light and shade area in the image are obtained. Then,the structures of light and shade areas are analyzed according to the principle of statistics,and the direction of illumination is estimated in image-plane coordinate system. Combined with correlated constraint conditions,light and shade areas from same crater are matched,the external edge of the impact crater is fitted,and at the same time,the information of radius and position are obtained. The experiment results show that the method can be used to quickly and reliably extract both center position and radius of impact craters from planetary optical image,and it has wide adaptability and some certain application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]