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Standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) patients is surgery and radiochemotherapy (RCT) with temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ is a substrate for ABCB1, a transmembrane drug transporter. It has been suggested that survival for GBM patients receiving TMZ is influenced by different single-nucleotide variants (SNV) of ABCB1. We therefore examined SNV:s of ABCB1, namely 1199G>A, 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, and 3435C>T and correlated to survival for GBM patients receiving RCT. In a pilot cohort (97 patients) a significant correlation to survival was found for SNV 1199G>A, with median OS for variant G/G patients being 18.2 months versus 11.5 months for A/G (p= 0.012). We found no correlation to survival for the other SNV:s. We then expanded the cohort to 179 patients (expanded cohort) and also included a confirmatory cohort (49 patients) focusing on SNV 1199G>A. Median OS for G/G versus A/G plus A/A was 15.7 and 11.5 months, respectively (p= 0.085) for the expanded cohort and 13.8 versus 16.8 months (p= 0.19) for the confirmatory. In conclusion, in patients with GBM receiving RCT with TMZ, no correlation with survival was found for the SNV:s 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, and 3435C>T of ABCB1. Although the SNV 1199G>A might have some impact, a clinically significant role could not be confirmed.

In recent years, there has been a surge of “Northern” policy documents concerned with increasing the positive effects of international migration in countries of origin. This article contrasts some basic assumptions in policies on migration, return and development with an anthropological study of Cape Verdean returnees, and it reveals some important disparities between the returnees’ experiences and the ideas underpinning policy documents. The article analyses the role returnees’ savings and skills play in local change in Cape Verde, and in particular it looks into entrepreneurial activities. This is related to a discussion of the conditions that must be fulfilled in order to make it possible for return migrants to contribute to positive social change. In conclusion, the article shows that structural conditions have a fundamental impact on individual migrants’ abilities to support development, a perspective often left out of contemporary policies.