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ABSTRACTThe authors revised six species of CreoleonTillyard 1918 reported from India and re-examined the taxonomic status of the Creoleonspecies described from India and Sri Lanka. Creoleon parallelus(Banks, 1911) syn. nov.Creoleon littoreus(Navás, 1914) syn. nov.and Creoleon fulvinervisNavás, 1932 syn. nov.are proposed as junior synonyms of Creoleon griseus(Klug, 1834). The lectotypes of Creoleon littoreus(Navás, 1914), and Creoleon fulvinervisNavás, 1932 are designated. Creoleon cinnamomeus(Navás, 1913), reported as a new record for the fauna of India, is redescribed and illustrated based on the newly collected specimens. After this revision, Creoleonhas three valid species that occur in India. The key to the species is also provided.

Baricitinib is considered a first-line treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected adult patients with an associated cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Our objective was to compare rates of secondary infections and long-term outcomes of elderly and non-elderly patients who received baricitinib for COVID-19. We conducted a single-centre observational study between November 2020 and September 2023, focusing on hospitalized adult SARS-CoV-2 patients with CSS, categorized as elderly (≥ 65 years) and non-elderly (< 65 years). Enrolment, severity stratification, and diagnosis of infectious complications followed predefined criteria. Outcomes of all-cause mortality and rates of non-severe and severe secondary infections were assessed at 1-year post-treatment initiation. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for survival analysis. In total, 490 patients were enrolled (median age 65 ± 23 (21–100) years (years, median ± IQR, min–max); 49.18% elderly; 59.59% male). Elderly patients were admitted to the hospital significantly earlier (7 ± 5 days vs. 8 ± 4 days; p= 0.02), experienced a higher occurrence of severe COVID-19 (121/241, 50.21% vs. 98/249, 39.36%; p= 0.02), and required the use of non-invasive ventilation at baseline (167/225, 74.22% vs. 153/236, 64.83%; p= 0.03). At 1 year, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the elderly subgroup (111/241, 46.06% vs. 29/249, 11.65%; p< 0.01). At 90 days and 1 year, rates of any severe secondary infection were also more prevalent among the elderly (56/241, 23.24% vs. 37/249 14.86%; p= 0.02 and 58/241, 24.07% vs. 39/249, 15.66%; p= 0.02). In conclusion, elderly SARS-CoV-2-infected patients experience a more severe clinical course, higher secondary infection rates, and increased risk for long-term mortality, regardless of immunomodulatory therapy.

Domino Knoevenagel-cyclization reactions of N-arylcinnamylamines were carried out with active methylene reagents, which took place with five competing cyclization mechanisms: intramolecular hetero Diels–Alder reaction, stepwise polar [2 + 2] cycloaddition, styryl or aza-Diels–Alder reactions followed by rearomatization, and [1,5]-hydride shift-6-endo cyclization. In the stepwise aza-Diels–Alder reaction, the N-vinylpyridinium moiety acted as an azadiene, producing a condensed heterocycle with tetrahydroquinolizinium and tetrahydroquiniline subunits. Antiproliferative activity with low micromolar IC50values was identified for some of the novel scaffolds.

In September, 2022, the first Mecoptera specimens of the Arabian Peninsula were collected in Oman (Dhofar province). The collected male and female specimens are conspecific with Bittacus chevalieri(Navás, 1908), which is widely distributed in the African Sub-Saharan grass savannahs and ranges from Senegal in West Africa to India. The occurrence of the species in the Dhofar Mountains proves that this area has an extremely strong influence on the African fauna. Male and female morphologies are figured by photos and genitalia.

The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte) is one of the most important pests of maize in Hungary. As both larvae and imagoes are capable of causing major economic losses, their control in continuous maize cropping systems is essential. The control of larvae is costly and the related use of large doses of soil disinfectants places an increased burden on the environment. In recent years, several chemical products used as soil insecticides and seed dressings have been phased out, thus increasing the value of environmentally friendly biological products that provide effective protection against the pest. The active ingredient azadirachtin, the extract of the seeds of Azadirachta indicais one of such biological agents. In our experiments, we studied the efficacy of two azadirachtin products, Neemazal T/S (1% azadirachtin; 10 g/l) and Neemazal F (5% azadirachtin; 50 g/l) used as seed dressing against western corn rootworm larvae. The products were used in different concentrations (10–150%) in different regions and on various soil-types in Hungary. The active ingredient could effectively control the pest in its larval stage. Treatments with concentrations exceeding 50% were effective in all the replications.

ABSTRACTTransient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel with polymodal sensory function. TRPV1 links to fever, while, according to previous studies on TRPV1 knock-out (KO) mice, the role of the channel in the generation of febrile seizure is debated. In the hippocampal formation, functional TRPV1 channels are expressed by Cajal-Retzius cells, which have a role in guidance of migrating neurons during development. Despite the developmental aspects of febrile seizure as well as of Cajal-Retzius cells, no information is available about the hippocampal development in TRPV1 KO mouse. Therefore, in the present work postnatal development of the hippocampal formation was studied in TRPV1 KO mice. Several morphological characteristics including neuronal positioning and maturation, synaptogenesis and myelination were examined with light microscopy following immunohistochemical detection of protein markers of various neurons, synapses, and myelination. Regarding the cytoarchitectonics, neuronal migration, morphological, and neurochemical maturation, no substantial difference could be detected between TRPV1 KO and wild-type control mice. Our data indicate that synapse formation and myelination occur similarly in TRPV1 KO and in control animals. We have found slightly, but not significantly larger numbers of persisting Cajal-Retzius cells in the KO mice than in controls. Our result strengthens previous suggestion concerning the role of TRPV1 channel in the postnatal apoptotic cell death of Cajal-Retzius cells. However, the fact that the hippocampus of KO mice lacks major developmental abnormalities supports the use of TRPV1 KO in various animal models of diseases and pathological conditions.

Background: Decades of debate surround the use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during cholecystectomy. To the present day, the role of IOC is controversial as regards decreasing the rate of bile duct injury (BDI). We aimed to review and analyse the available literature on the benefits of IOC during cholecystectomy. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed until 19 October 2020 in five databases using the following search keys: cholangiogra* and cholecystectomy. The primary outcomes were BDI and retained stone rate. To investigate the differences between the groups (routine IOC vs selective IOC and IOC vs no IOC), we calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous outcomes and relative risks (RR) for dichotomous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of the 19,863 articles, 38 were selected and 32 were included in the quantitative synthesis. Routine IOC showed no superiority compared to selective IOC in decreasing BDI (RR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.66; 1.24). Comparing IOC and no IOC, no statistically significant differences were found in the case of BDI, retained stone rate, readmission rate, and length of hospital stay. We found an increased risk of conversion rate to open surgery in the no IOC group (RR = 0.64, CI 0.51; 0.78). The operation time was significantly longer in the IOC group compared to the no IOC group (WMD = 11.25 min, 95% CI 6.57; 15.93). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that IOC may not be indicated in every case, however, the evidence is very uncertain. Further good quality research is required to address this question.

Background: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) plays an important role in the treatment of elderly patients and/or patients in poor health with acute cholecystitis (AC). The primary aim of this study is to determine how these factors influence the clinical outcome of PTGBD. Moreover, we assessed the timing and results of subsequent cholecystectomies. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively examined the results of 162 patients undergoing PTGBD between 2010 and 2020 (male–female ratio: 51.23% vs.48.77%; mean age: 71.43 ± 13.22 years). Patient’s performance status and intervention outcomes were assessed with clinical success rates (CSR) and in-hospital mortality. The conversion rate (CR) of possible urgent or delayed, elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) after PTGBD were analysed. Results: PTGBD was the definitive treatment in 42.18% of patients, while it was a bridging therapy prior to cholecystectomy (CCY) for the other patients. CSR was 87.97%, it was only 64.29% in grade III AC. In 9.87% of the cases, urgent LC was necessary after PTGBD, and its conversion rate was approximately equal to that of elective LC (18.18 vs.17.46%, respectively, p= 0.2217). Overall, the post-PTGBD in-hospital mortality was 11.72%, while the same figure was 0% for grade I AC, 7.41% for grade II and 40.91% for grade III. Based on logistic regression analyses, in-hospital mortality (OR 6.07; CI 1.79–20.56), clinical progression (OR 7.62; CI 2.64–22.05) and the need for emergency CCY (OR 14.75; CI 3.07–70.81) were mostly determined by AC severity grade. Conclusion: PTGBD is an easy-to-perform intervention with promising clinical success rates in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. After PTGBD, the level of gallbladder inflammation played a decisive role in the course of AC. In a severe, grade III inflammation, we have to consider low CSR and high mortality.

The construction of a donor–acceptor Stenhouse adduct molecular layer on a gold surface is presented. To avoid the incompatibility of the thiol surface-binding group with the donor–acceptor polyene structure of the switch, an interfacial reaction approach was followed. Poly(dopamine)-supported gold nanoparticles on quartz slides were chosen as substrates, which was expected to facilitate both the interfacial reaction and the switching process by providing favorable steric conditions due to the curved particle surface. The reaction between the surface-bound donor half and the CF3-isoxazolone-based acceptor half was proved to be successful by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). However, UV–vis measurements suggested that a closed, cyclopentenone-containing structure of the switch formed on the surface irreversibly. Analysis of the wetting behavior of the surface revealed spontaneous water spreading that could be associated with conformational changes of the closed isomer.

The genus IranoidricerusÁbrahám & Mészáros, 2002 was created for Iranoidricerus iranensis(Kimmins, 1938) described earlier in the genus PtyngidricerusVan der Weele, 1908. A second species of the genus Iranoidricerus jordaniensissp. n.is described from Jordan. The new species has similar habitus to I. iranensisbut has many distinctive features on the head, antennae, wings and abdomen. The ranges of the two species are separated by more than 900 kilometres, I. iranensiswas documented in East Turkey and Iran and I. jordanensiswas recorded in the mountainous areas in northwestern Jordan.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:73F7417B-1E34-48E4-8A91-7AAAD4EC5FA7

This article demonstrates how British evangelicals, German pietists, and Hungarian Protestants sought to ‘educate’ the masses outside the educational framework of ecclesiastical and state structures within the Hungarian Kingdom in the nineteenth century. More specifically the study intends to offer a concise overview of the history of Protestants who spread the gospel through the distribution of affordable Bibles, New Testaments and Christian tracts. It shows how various denominations worked together and directs attention to their theological outlook which transcended ethnic boundaries. It is a well-known fact in mission and church history that such undertakings were carried out to stir revivalism. The study also throws light on the influential role the Scottish Mission, as well as Archduchess Maria Dorothea, played in stirring revivalism through the aforementioned means. The history of these endeavours, especially those of the British and Foreign Bible Society and Religious Tract Society, has not been treated adequately by intellectual historians, social historians or historians of religion and education. This account adds to scholarly understanding of the multi-ethnic and trans-denominational work of international Protestantism in Central Europe.

Cardiovascular diseases are not only the leading causes of mortality in Hungary but also the mortality rate is twice as high as the European Union average, so screening programmes identifying subjects with elevated blood pressure (BP) are of utmost importance. May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global initiative that began in 2017 aimed at raising awareness of high BP. Hungary joined the 3rd campaign of MMM in 2019 and an overview of the results are presented in this paper. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of participants aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2019. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or treatment for hypertension, statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. In Hungary, 55 sites were set up in primary and secondary care facilities, in pharmacies, and in malls across all regions, in both cities and villages. Out of 2766 individuals screened, 1286 participants (46.5%) had hypertension. Out of 1869 participants not on antihypertensive medication, 389 (20.8%) had elevated BP. In the case of treated individuals (n= 897), 420 (46.8%) had uncontrolled hypertension. Almost every 2nd subject of the screened cohort had hypertension (treated and controlled, treated and uncontrolled, or untreated). In the untreated cohort, every 5th subject had elevated BP, whilst among patients on antihypertensive medication, every second had uncontrolled BP. By identifying almost one-third of the whole screened cohort with the possibility of newly diagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension, our results confirm the importance of BP screening campaigns.

Sex differences exist in chronic pain pathologies, and gonadal estradiol (E2) alters the pain sensation. The nocisensor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor plays a critical role in triggering pain. Here we examined the impact of E2 on the function of TRPV1 receptor in mice sensory neurons in vitro and in vivo. Both mechano- and thermonociceptive thresholds of the plantar surface of the paw of female mice were significantly lower in proestrus compared with the estrus phase. These thresholds were higher in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and significantly lower in sham-operated mice in proestrus compared with the sham-operated mice in estrus phase. This difference was absent in TRPV1 receptor-deficient mice. Furthermore, E2 potentiated the TRPV1 receptor activation-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in OVX mice. Long pretreatment (14 hours) with E2 induced a significant increase in TRPV1 receptor messenger RNA expression and abolished the capsaicin-induced TRPV1 receptor desensitization in primary sensory neurons. The short E2 incubation (10 minutes) also prevented the desensitization, which reverted after coadministration of E2 and the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) receptor inhibitor. Our study provides in vivo and in vitro evidence for E2-induced TRPV1 receptor upregulation and sensitization mediated by TrkAR via E2-induced genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. The sensitization and upregulation of TRPV1 receptor by E2 in sensory neurons may explain the greater pain sensitivity in female mice.

Aims. EX Lupi is the prototype of EXors, a subclass of low-mass pre-main sequence stars whose episodic eruptions are attributed to temporarily increased accretion. In quiescence the optical and near-infrared properties of EX Lup cannot be distinguished from those of normal T Tau stars. Here we investigate whether it is the circumstellar disk structure that makes EX Lup an atypical Class II object. During outburst the disk might undergo structural changes. Our characterization of the quiescent disk is intended to serve as a reference for studying the physical changes related to one of EX Lupi's strongest known eruptions in 2008 Jan–Sep.

Aims. The aim of this study is to enhance our knowledge of the characteristics and distribution of the circumstellar dust associated with the individual components of the young hierarchical triple system T Tau.

Context.Among the components of the infrared and submillimetre sky background, the closest layer is the thermal emission of dust particles and minor bodies in the Solar System. This contribution is especially important for current and future infrared and submillimetre space instruments – like those of Spitzer, Akari and Herschel – and must be characterised by a reliable statistical model.

Aims.OO Serpentis is a deeply embedded pre-main sequence star in the Serpens NW star-forming region. The star went into outburst in 1995 and gradually faded afterwards. In many respects its eruption resembled the well-known FU Orionis-type (FUor) or EX Lupi-type (EXor) outbursts. Since very few such events have ever been documented at infrared wavelengths, our aim is to study the temporal evolution of OO Ser in the infrared.

Aims.The large majority of BL Lacertae objects belonging to the 1 Jy sample, the class prototype for radio-selected sources, are thought to emit most of their synchrotron power in the far infrared band. Ironically, this spectral region is very sparsely sampled, with only a minority of the objects having IRAS data (most of them being upper limits or low-quality detections). We aim at filling this infrared gap by presenting new, simultaneous ISOCAM and ISOPHOT observations over the $7{-}200~\mu$m range (observer's frame) for half the sample. A precise measurement of the position of the synchrotron peak frequency, $\nu_{\rm peak}$, can provide direct information about particle acceleration mechanisms and constrain the inverse Compton radiation that will be detected by up-coming new γ-ray missions.

The young eruptive star V1647 Ori was observed with MIDI, the mid-infrared interferometric instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), on March 2, 2005. We present the first spectrally resolved interferometric visibility points for this object. Our results show that (1) the mid-infrared emitting region is extended, having a size of ≈7 AU at 10 μm; (2) no signatures of a close companion can be seen; (3) the $8{-}13\,\mu$m spectrum exhibits no obvious spectral features. Comparison with similar observations of Herbig Ae stars suggests that V1647 Ori probably possesses a disk of moderate flaring. A simple disk model with $T\sim r^{-0.53}, \Sigma\sim r^{-1.5}, M_{\rm d}=0.05\,{M}_{\odot}$is able to fit both the spectral energy distribution and the observed visibility values simultaneously.

We present mid-infrared (2–12 μm) spectra of the microquasar SS 433 obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory (spectroscopic mode of ISOPHOT and ISOCAM). We compare them to the spectra of four Wolf-Rayet stars: WR 78, WR 134, WR 136, and WR 147 in the same wavelength range. The mid-infrared spectrum of SS 433 mainly shows $\ion{H}{i}$and $\ion{He}{i}$emission lines and is very similar to the spectrum of WR 147, a WN8(h)+B0.5V binary. The 2–12 μm continuum emission of SS 433 corresponds to optically thin and partially optically thick free-free emission, from which we calculate a mass loss rate of $2{-}3\times 10^{-4} ~M_\odot ~\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$if the wind is homogeneous and a third of these values if it is clumped. This is consistent with a strong stellar wind from a WN star. However, following recent studies concluding that the mass donor star of SS 433 is not a Wolf-Rayet star, we propose that this strong wind out flows from a geometrically thick envelope of material that surrounds the compact object like a stellar atmosphere, imitating the Wolf-Rayet phenomenon. This wind could also wrap the mass donor star, and at larger distances (~40 AU), it might form a dust envelope from which the thermal emission, detected with ISOPHOT at 25 μm and 60 μm, would originate. This wind also probably feeds the material that is ejected in the orbital plane of the binary system and that forms the equatorial outflow detected in radio at distances $>100$AU.

We investigate the brightness evolution of seven FU Orionis systems in the $1{-}100~\mu$m wavelength range using data from the Infrared Space Observatory(ISO). The ISO measurements were supplemented by 2MASS and MSX observations performed in the same years as the ISO mission (1995-98). The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) based on these data points were compared with earlier ones derived from the IRAS photometry as well as from ground-based observations carried out around the epoch 1983.
 In three cases (Z CMa, Parsamian 21, V1331 Cyg) no difference between the two epochs was seen within the measurement uncertainties. V1057 Cyg, V1515 Cyg and V1735 Cyg have become fainter at near-infrared wavelengths while V346 Nor has become slightly brighter. V1057 Cyg exhibits a similar flux change in the mid-infrared. At $\lambda\geq 60~\mu$m most of the sources remained constant; only V346 Nor seems to fade. Our data on the long-term evolution of V1057 Cyg agree with the model predictions of Kenyon & Hartmann ([CITE]) and Turner et al. ([CITE]) at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths, but disagree at $\lambda>25~\mu$m. We discuss if this observational result at far-infrared wavelengths could be understood in the framework of the existing models.

We studied the ISM distribution in and around the star forming cloud L1251 with optical star counts. A careful calculation with a maximum likelihood based statistical approach resulted in B, V, R, Iextinction distributions from the star count maps. A distance of $330\pm 30$pc was derived. The extinction maps revealed an elongated dense cloud with a bow shock at its eastern side. We estimated a Mach number of $M\approx2$for the bow shock. A variation of the apparent dust properties is detected, i.e. the $R_V=A_V/E_{B-V}$total to selective extinction ratio varies from 3 to 5.5, peaking at the densest part of L1251. The spatial structure of the head of L1251 is well modelled with a Schuster-sphere (i.e. $n=5$polytropic sphere). The observed radial distribution of mass fits the model with high accuracy out to 2.5 pc distance from the assumed center. Unexpectedly, the distribution of NH31.3 cm line widths is also well matched by the Schuster solution even in the tail of the cloud. Since the elongated head-tail structure of L1251 is far from the spherical symmetry the good fit of the linewidths in the tail makes it reasonable to assume that the present cloud structure has been formed by isothermal contraction.

We compiled and investigated the infrared/sub-mm/mm SED of the new outburst star IRAS 05436-0007 in quiescent phase. The star is a flat-spectrum source, with an estimated total luminosity of $L_{\rm bol} \approx 5.6~L_{\sun}$, typical of low-mass T Tauri stars. The derived circumstellar mass of $0.5~M_{\sun}$is rather high among low-mass YSOs. The observed SED differs from the SEDs of typical T Tauri stars and of 4 well-known EXors, and resembles more the SEDs of FU Orionis objects indicating the presence of a circumstellar envelope. IRAS 05436-0007 seems to be a class II source with an age of approximately 4 $\times$105yr. In this evolutionary stage an accretion disk is already fully developed, though a circumstellar envelope may also be present. Observations of the present outburst will provide additional knowledge on the source.

We present 29 mid-infrared spectra of the zodiacal light distributed over the sky. The observed 5.9–11.7 μm spectral shapes are well represented by blackbody radiation with colour temperatures in the range of $255\leq T\leq 300$K. The spectra are smooth and featureless. The variation of the temperature can be explained by the geometrical distribution of dust in the inner solar system. This result indicates that although the interplanetary dust particles originate from discrete sources (comets, asteroids) the interplanetary cloud of today seems to be well mixed in terms of grain composition and size distribution.

We report on a search for the NH${_3}$inversion band at 9.0 μm, the CH4band at 7.7 μm, and the CH3OH band at 9.7 μm in the spectra of 10 heavily obscured stellar objects taken with the spectrophotometer ISOPHOT-S aboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). Four of them show indications of the NH3inversion band at 9.0 μm superimposed on the always strong silicate band. The results show that ammonia ice may be abundant in some cool and dense molecular circumstellar regions. The 9.7 μm band of solid CH3OH was detected in 5 of the sources, and also the 7.7 μm band of solid CH4was found in 5 sources. The PHT-S detections were cross-checked against ISO-SWS spectra from archive data. Considering the different beam sizes (24 $\times$24 $\sq \arcsec$versus 14 $\times$20 $\sq \arcsec$), there is good agreement.

We examined the sky confusion noise in 40 sky regions by analysing 175 far-infrared (90-200 μm) maps obtained with ISOPHOT, the photometer on-board the Infrared Space Observatory. For cirrus fields with $ \langle B \rangle > 5$MJy sr-1the formula based on IRAS data (Helou & Beichman [CITE]) predicts confusion noise values within a factor of 2 of our measurements. The dependence of the sky confusion noise on the surface brightness was determined for the wavelength range $90 \le \lambda \le 200 \mu$m. We verified that the confusion noise scales as $N \propto \langle B \rangle ^{1.5}$, independent of the wavelength and confirmed $N \propto \lambda^{2.5}$for $\rm \lambda \ge 100$μm. The scaling of the noise value at different separations between target and reference positions was investigated for the first time, providing a practical formula. Since our results confirm the applicability of the Helou & Beichman ([CITE]) formula, the cirrus confusion noise predictions made for future space missions with telescopes of a similar size can be trusted. At 90 and 170 μm a noise term with a Poissonian spatial distribution was detected in the faintest fields ($\langle B \rangle \le 3$-5 MJy sr-1), which we interpret as fluctuations in the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background (CFIRB). Applying ratios of the fluctuation amplitude to the absolute level of 10% and 7% at 90 and 170 μm, respectively, as supported by model calculations, we achieved a new simultaneous determination of the fluctuation amplitudes and the surface brightness of the CFIRB. The fluctuation amplitudes are $7 \pm 2$mJy and $15 \pm 4$mJy at 90 and 170 μm, respectively. We obtained a CFIRB surface brightness of $B_0 = 0.8 \pm 0.2$MJy sr-1($\nu I_{\nu}$= $14 \pm 3$nW m-2sr-1) at 170 μm and an upper limit of 1.1 MJy sr-1($\nu I_{\nu}$= 37 nW m-2sr-1) at 90 μm.

We present sub-arcsec observations of a sample of 31 Herbig Ae/Be and related stars obtained with the technique of near-infrared speckle interferometry. In 18 of the 31 stars we find evidence for circumstellar halos. These halos have a typical size of 1.1'', corresponding to ≈1000 AU at the distances of the objects. Most of the halos have blue colours, hence are seen in scattered light. The incidence of observable circumstellar matter is significantly higher than in a larger sample of T Tauri stars observed with the same technique (Leinert et al. [CITE]). We suggest that this difference results as a consequence of a faster initial evolution of the more massive Herbig Ae/Be stars. The near-infrared halos found in our study appear to correspond to the "envelopes" invoked to model the strong mid-infrared excesses of Herbig Ae/Be stars.

The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods—guidewire localisation and the radioguided occult lesion localisation—used in the localisation and surgical removal of non-palpable breast tumours. This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with nonpalpable malignant breast tumours. In this study either guidewire localisation (GWL, n= 69) or radioguided occult lesion localisation (ROLL, n= 321) was used for the detection and removal of the tumours. The two methods were compared with regards to preoperative localisation time, operating time, removed specimen volume, the pathological tumour size, the presence of positive surgical margins and postoperative complications. Furthermore, we have also investigated other factors that could have an impact on the frequency of positive resection margins. The localisation time was significantly shorter in the ROLL group, both with ultrasound guidance (5.7 ± 1.44 min vs. 21.6 ± 2.37 min, p= 0.05) and with radiographic guidance (21.8 ± 3.1 min vs. 41.6 ± 3.75 min, p= 0.021) as well. No significant difference was observed between the two methods in terms of operating time, removed specimen volume and pathological tumour size, or the presence of positive resection margins, or the occurrence of postoperative wound infections. The size of the tumour (ROLL, GWL grps), the presence of a multifocal tumour (ROLL grp), the presence of an extensive in situ breast carcinoma around the invasive cancer (ROLL, GWL grps) and the volume of the removed breast specimen (GWL grp) significantly increased the frequency of positive resection margins. We recommend the use of the ROLL method for the removal of nonpalpable breast tumours as it has a much shorter localisation time, and it is a simpler surgical technique as well.The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods—guidewire localisation and the radioguided occult lesion localisation—used in the localisation and surgical removal of non-palpable breast tumours. This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with nonpalpable malignant breast tumours. In this study either guidewire localisation (GWL, n= 69) or radioguided occult lesion localisation (ROLL, n= 321) was used for the detection and removal of the tumours. The two methods were compared with regards to preoperative localisation time, operating time, removed specimen volume, the pathological tumour size, the presence of positive surgical margins and postoperative complications. Furthermore, we have also investigated other factors that could have an impact on the frequency of positive resection margins. The localisation time was significantly shorter in the ROLL group, both with ultrasound guidance (5.7 ± 1.44 min vs. 21.6 ± 2.37 min, p= 0.05) and with radiographic guidance (21.8 ± 3.1 min vs. 41.6 ± 3.75 min, p= 0.021) as well. No significant difference was observed between the two methods in terms of operating time, removed specimen volume and pathological tumour size, or the presence of positive resection margins, or the occurrence of postoperative wound infections. The size of the tumour (ROLL, GWL grps), the presence of a multifocal tumour (ROLL grp), the presence of an extensive in situ breast carcinoma around the invasive cancer (ROLL, GWL grps) and the volume of the removed breast specimen (GWL grp) significantly increased the frequency of positive resection margins. We recommend the use of the ROLL method for the removal of nonpalpable breast tumours as it has a much shorter localisation time, and it is a simpler surgical technique as well.

The interaction between a nanostructured metal and a semiconductor can lead to advantageous enhancement of the emission properties of the semiconductor, which is important for light-emitting diode applications. Herein, we present a study of the interaction between ZnO nanoparticles (3 nm) and two types of gold nanostructures: 10-nm particles and 50-nm-thick films. Photoluminescence emission measurements were performed to characterize the effects of the gold on the emission properties of ZnO and to study the dependence of the interaction on the structure of Au. Stearic acid Langmuir–Blodgett layers were introduced onto the film to control the distance between the noble metal and the semiconductor. The largest (12-fold) enhancement in the emission intensity due to plasmonic coupling was observed for a continuous Au film with one spacer layer, that is, a 2.2-nm distance between the metal and the ZnO.

Abstract: Background: This retrospective single-institution study presents a successful treatment strategy for Boerhaave’s syndrome.Methods: During 1995–2008, 15 patients with spontaneous esophageal perforation were treated. Patients were grouped according to time from symptoms to referral (early, <24 h; late, >24 h). In group I (early, n = 8 patients) treatment comprised primary surgical esophageal repair in seven cases and endoscopic clipping in one case. In group II (late, n = 7 patients) treatment comprised esophagectomy without primary reconstruction (4 cases) or controlled esophagocutaneous fistula (3 cases). Measures of outcome included age (years), delay to diagnosis (h), severe sepsis on admission, mortality, and hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Results: The overall hospital mortality rate was 6.6% (1/15), being 0% (0/8) in group I and 14.2% (1/7) in group II. Patient age (49.6 vs. 68.6 years, P < 0.0001), delay to diagnosis (17.75 vs. 69 h, P < 0.0001), severe sepsis on admission (0 vs. 4, P = 0.0256), and ICU stay (4 vs. 14 days, P = 0.006) were all greater in group II. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and carefully selected therapeutic tactics can reduce the mortality rate of Boerhaave’s syndrome to an acceptably low level. Methods of organ preservation and minimally invasive techniques can be applied successfully in the treatment.

Symbolic Computationand Satisfiability Checkingare viewed as individual research areas, but they share common interests in the development, implementation and application of decision procedures for arithmetic theories. Despite these commonalities, the two communities are currently only weakly connected. We introduce a new project SC2to build a joint community in this area, supported by a newly accepted EU (H2020-FETOPEN-CSA) project of the same name. We aim to strengthen the connection between these communities by creating common platforms, initiating interaction and exchange, identifying common challenges, and developing a common roadmap. This abstract and accompanying poster describes the motivation and aims for the project, and reports on the first activities.

Spice pepper production has a history of almost 300 years in the southern part of Hungary. In this study the results of two biotechnological improvements are summarized. Anther and isolated microspore culture techniques were improved to release haploid and doubled haploid (DH) lines for spice pepper breeding. Both the anther and isolated microspore culture methods were successfully used in spice pepper haploid production. Microspore culture-derived structures were analysed to identify their different parts. Green plantlets were regenerated from embryos derived from both anther and microspore cultures. Their doubled haploid analogues were integrated into Hungarian spice pepper hybrid seed breeding programmes. One hybrid, Sláger, was released as a new genotype for spice pepper production in 2008 and two hybrid candidates (Délibáb and Bolero) are now being tested in official trials.

A minimálisan invazív technika – a módszer vitathatatlan előnyei révén – teljesen elfogadottá vált a legtöbb jóindulatú és funkcionális megbetegedés sebészi kezelésében. Napjainkra az is bebizonyosodott, hogy a laparoscopos technika a colorectalis daganatok sebészi kezelésében is biztonsággal alkalmazható. A szerzők saját és a nemzetközi tapasztalatok elemzésével mutatják be a colorectalis daganatok laparoscopos sebészi kezelését. A Szegedi Tudományegyetem ÁOK Sebészeti Klinikáján 2005. január 1. és 2008. december 31. között 74 betegen végeztek laparoscopos/laparoscoposan asszisztált colorectalis bélresectiót. A műtéti indikációt 40 esetben neoplasticus eredetű colorectalis laesio képezte. A betegek átlagos életkora 64 év volt (36–89 év). A betegek közül 4 ASA I, 11 ASA II, 24 ASA III és 1 ASA IV rizikócsoportba tartozott. 26 esetben rectosigmoidealis resectio, 2 esetben rectumexstirpatio, 9 esetben jobb, 1 esetben bal oldali hemicolectomia történt. Sem műtéti, sem posztoperatív szövődmény nem volt. 4 konverzió és egy esetben adhesiós ileus miatt reoperáció történt. A passage megindulása (átlagosan 2,4 nap) és a per os táplálhatóság jelentősen lerövidült. A specimenek hisztológiai feldolgozása minden esetben tumormentes oralis, aboralis és circumferentialis resectiót igazolt. Saját és a nemzetközi eredmények áttekintése alapján megállapítható, hogy colorectalis daganatok miatt végzett laparoscopos műtétek biztonságosak, sebészi és onkológiai szempontból is megfelelőek. Számos előnyt jelentenek a betegek számára elsősorban a korai posztoperatív időszakban (gyorsabb felépülés, rövidebb kórházi tartózkodás) és a hosszú távú túlélési eredmények is megfelelőek.

Cholestasis predisposes to hypersensitivity to LPS, leading to potential septic complications. We set out to characterize the involvement of Kupffer cell (KC) activation in the hepatic microcirculatory and structural consequences of obstructive jaundice in the presence and absence of acute endotoxemia. The hepatic microcirculatory consequences of 3-day extrahepatic bile duct ligation (BDL) were assessed in rats. The contributions of changes in hepatic perfusion, leukocyte influx, and proinflammatory cytokine release to the development of hepatic structural damage were also determined. Furthermore, the corresponding consequences of BDL in combination with acute (2-h) endotoxemia (1 mg kg−1LPS, i.v.) were compared with those observed after LPS alone. In a second series, the same protocols were applied in identical groups of rats where the KC function was inhibited with 24-h gadolinium chloride pretreatment (10 mg kg−1, i.v.). Bile duct ligation induced minor inflammatory reactions but caused a marked reduction in hepatic sinusoidal perfusion and severe histological damage. LPS treatment, however, elicited an approximately 5-fold increase in leukocyte adherence in the central venules and pronounced IL-6 and TNF- release, but without significant structural damage. The combination of BDL with LPS enhanced the perfusion failure, leukocyte sticking/deposition, and proinflammatory cytokine release; most of these changes can be effectively ameliorated by gadolinium chloride. In conclusion, when obstructive jaundice is followed by a second hit of LPS, perfusion failure, liver inflammation, and structural damage are enhanced, the KCs playing a decisive role in this scenario. Therapeutic strategies aimed at KC blockade can potentially reduce the risk of inflammatory complications in cholestasis.

Whether cardiopulmonary bypass alone or together with manipulation of the aorta produces neurologic complications remains controversial. Using a pig model, the immediate effects of aortic cannulation and cardiopulmonary bypass on neural injury in different brain regions were investigated in 3 experimental groups: non-operated controls; operated controls with aortic cannulation without cardiopulmonary bypass; and operated animals undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against calretinin was used to show possible ischemic damage in the hippocampal formation which is one of the most vulnerable regions to ischemia. Both cannulation of the aorta alone and cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in numerous argyrophilic neurons in discrete regions of the prefrontal and cerebellar cortex. Decreased calretinin immunoreaction and a reduced number of calretinin-positive neurons were observed following aortic cannulation or cardiopulmonary bypass compared to the non-operated controls. This suggests that both cannulation of the aorta alone and cardiopulmonary bypass affect a selected population of neurons. Therefore, off-pump, aorta no-touch technique may prevent neurologic complications.

Common displays such as CRT or LCD screens have limited capabilities in displaying most color spectra correctly. The main disadvantage of these devices is that they work with three primaries and the colors displayed are the mixture of these three colours. Consequently these devices can be confusing in testing human color identification, because the spectral distribution of the colors displayed is the combined spectrum of the three primaries. We have developed a new instrument for spectrally correct color vision measurement. This instrument uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) and is capable of producing all spectra of perceivable colors, thus with appropriate test methods this instrument can be a reliable and useful tool in test ~ ing human color vision and in verifying color vision correction.