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HCW Biologics announced the publication of a scientific paper, authored by the Company's scientific research team in the peer-reviewed journal, Molecular Therapy. Entitled, 'Bifunctional TGF-beta trap/IL-15 Protein Complex Elicits Potent [...]

Selecta Biosciences announced the peer-reviewed publication of a study investigating the effects of ImmTOR nanoparticles in generating a tolerogenic environment in the liver. The data, published in a Frontiers in [...]

Evaxion Biotech announced a presentation by Jens Kringelum, PhD, Evaxion's Director in Genomic Immuno-Oncology, at the 4th Neoantigen Summit Europe, being held virtually April 20-22, focusing on 'AI in personalized [...]

The article reports on the publication of a white paper by ProImmune Ltd. on the effective management of risk of immunogenicity in the design of biologics. Several issues are addressed in the document which includes improvement of drugs by rational design methods, managing immunogenicity, and study of T cell response at preclinical stage. ProImmune provides products for antigen characterization, drug designing, and immune monitoring.

The spreading of HIV or HTLV-I among the cells has received the great attention in recent modelling study to explore the virus infection dynamics. The co-infection of HIV and HTLV-I with the effect of Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) immune response is also important from epidemiological point of view. To identify the co-infection scenario of HIV and HTLV-I with the CTLs effect we proposed in this paper a six compartmental ODE-model with uninfected, HIV-infected, HTLV-I infected CD4+T cells and free HIV virus particles with HIV specific CTLs and HTLV-I specific CTLs. The rates of infection of the cases are considered here saturated type and proliferation rate of uninfected and HIV infected CD4+ T-cells are of logistic terms. To establish the well-posedness of the model we have shown that the solution of the proposed model is non-negative and bounded. We obtain the basic reproduction number which is the maximum of the HIV-related reproduction and the HTLV-I related reproduction number. Along with the disease free equilibrium point the system contains other seven endemic equilibrium points containing infection by single disease or both. Analytically, we establish the local and global stability conditions of the equilibrium points and also we establish that the system experiences transcritical bifurcation by the generation of only HIV or HTLV-I infected endemic equilibrium point. Using numerical simulations, we validate the theoretical results and found two infection paths, one initiating with HIV and other with HTLV-I, both cases ultimately become co-infected. Finally, using the optimal control analysis we found the optimal policy for treatment using AVR, RTI & PI for HIV or AZT for HTLV-I control and lastly concluded by some recommendations. • A co-infected HIV & HTLV-I infection model in vivo. • Proliferation of CD4+ T-cells are taken in logistic form. • Incidence rate is taken as saturated type. • Verified competitive exclusive principle. • Spreading path has been studied using Flow-diagram. • Three types of control strategies are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the distributed filtering problem for continuous-time stochastic systems over sensor networks subject to Markovian switching topologies. Due to limited communication energy and bandwidth, an event-based communication scheme is proposed with the aim to decrease the transmission frequency. An individual triggering condition is put forward to regulate the communication rates for each component of the system state in order to better reflect the engineering requirements. The aim of this paper is to design a distributed filter over sensor networks with Markovian switching topologies such that the dynamics of the estimation error is exponentially mean-square bounded. It is shown that, with the proposed event-based distributed filtering algorithm, the exponential mean-square boundedness of the estimation errors is guaranteed if the sensor network is distributively detectable and the combined communication topology is strongly connected. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the developed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may cause death by damaging some of the patient's vital organs through weakening the body's immune system, including CD 4 + T cells. In the meantime, mathematical models can be useful in dealing with this deadly virus by providing effective strategies based on the examination of different infection states. The major aim pursued in this paper is to present a computational algorithm for solving nonlinear systems of ordinary and partial differential equations resulting from the HIV infection models of CD 4 + T cells. The offered method is developed according to the use of local radial basis functions (LRBFs) as shape functions in the discrete collocation scheme. The new technique approximates the solution by a small set of nodes instead of all points located in the domain where the HIV mathematical model is given. Thus the presented method uses less computing volume compared to the globally supported radial basis functions, and as a result, its algorithm can be quickly run on a computer with relatively low memory. The computational efficiency of the scheme is studied by several test examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New preclinical data shows that the lymph node-targeting vaccine boosts the power of T cell receptor-modified T-cell therapy in three cancer models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a historical overview of cell sorting technology, specifically focusing on fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The development of FACS in the 1960s by Mack Fulwyler and Leonard Herzenberg is discussed, as well as its commercialization in 1974. The article also mentions the advancements in lasers, dyes, and computer technology that have expanded the capabilities of cell sorting. It highlights the current use of FACS in various research fields and suggests potential future advancements in the technology. [Extracted from the article]

A novel risk-sensitive (RS) control law is proposed for linear systems with stochastic system parameters. RS control laws are efficient means of handling risk in various failures in control caused by stochastic disturbances. However, stochastic parameters invoke problems, resulting controllers may become nonlinear in the state variable and incompatible with linear systems, cannot be obtained in an exact sense, and are defined only on a bounded state region. To solve these problems, this paper presents a risk-sensitive linear (RSL) control method. The important idea is that a standard RS-type cost function is converted to an expectation of a weighted cost function such that the resulting optimal controller is linear in the state. The weight is designed such that the weighted cost function preserves the characteristics of the original RS control. The designed weight allows one to derive the proposed RSL controller whose exact solution is obtained as a linear feedback law for all states. Furthermore, the RSL control law over an infinite horizon guarantees stochastic stability of the feedback system with the control law. The effectiveness of the proposed RSL control law is demonstrated by a numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Xi'an Jiaotong University, "In this paper, we developed dual gene-loaded near-infrared AIEgen nanoplatforms with enhanced proliferation, relieved immunosuppression, and tracking capabilities for CM transplantation. Keywords: Xi'an; People's Republic of China; Asia; Emerging Technologies; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Immunology; Immunosuppression; Nanoparticles; Nanoplatforms; Nanotechnology EN Xi'an People's Republic of China Asia Emerging Technologies Genetics Health and Medicine Immunology Immunosuppression Nanoparticles Nanoplatforms Nanotechnology 340 340 1 10/16/23 20231016 NES 231016 2023 OCT 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cardiovascular Week -- Investigators publish new report on Nanotechnology - Nanoplatforms. [Extracted from the article]

Further, the tumor-free equilibrium is globally stable when T cell activation and the tumor kill rate by T cells overcome tumor growth, T cell inhibition by PD-L1-PD-1 and MDSCs, and the T cell death rate. "In this paper, we propose a GBM-specific tumor-immune ordinary differential equations model of glioma cells, T cells, and MDSCs to provide theoretical insights into the interactions between these cells. [Extracted from the article]

Once the patient's immune system begins to rebuild, creating more T-cells, the infection sparks systemic inflammation. The paper "T-cell infiltration into the brain triggers pulmonary dysfunction in murine Cryptococcus-associated IRIS" is available online. "We think this could have potential to be beneficial for C-IRIS patients as well, to prevent T-cell infiltration into the brain, and that in turn could prevent the symptoms from happening", Zhou said. [Extracted from the article]

The immune system turns out to have both stimulatory and inhibitory factors influencing on tumor growth. In recent years, the pro-tumor role of immunity factors such as regulatory T cells and TGF-β cytokines has specially been considered in mathematical modeling of tumor-immune interactions. This paper presents a novel structural methodology for reviewing these models and classifies them into five subgroups on the basis of immune factors included. By using our experimental data due to immunotherapy experimentation in mice, these five modeling groups are evaluated and scored. The results show that a model with a small number of variables and coefficients performs efficiently in predicting the tumor-immune system interactions. Though immunology theorems suggest to employ a larger number of variables and coefficients, more complicated models are here shown to be inefficient due to redundant parallel pathways. So, these models are trapped in local minima and restricted in prediction capability. This paper investigates the mathematical models that were previously developed and proposes variables and pathways that are essential for modeling tumor-immune. Using these variables and pathways, a minimal structure for modeling tumor-immune interactions is proposed for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new studies conducted by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have revealed how immunotherapies targeting the immune checkpoints PD1 and LAG3 work together to activate immune responses in melanoma patients. The studies found that combination therapies targeting both checkpoints can improve outcomes compared to monotherapies targeting only PD1. The researchers analyzed data from a human clinical trial and animal models to investigate the responses of tumor-killing CD8+ T cells. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms behind combination therapies and offer opportunities for further clinical development. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biotechnology; Cancer; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Oncology EN Biotechnology Cancer Genetics Health and Medicine Oncology 252 252 1 06/26/23 20230629 NES 230629 2023 JUN 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Gene Therapy Week -- Research findings on cancer are discussed in a new report. In this paper, we have benchmarked the ability of RNA-Seq-based methods to profile TCR repertoires by examining 19 bulk RNA-Seq samples across 4 cancer cohorts including both T-cell-rich and T-cell-poor tissue types. [Extracted from the article]

Further, the tumor-free equilibrium is globally stable when T cell activation and the tumor kill rate by T cells overcome tumor growth, T cell inhibition by PD-L1-PD- 1 and MDSCs, and the T cell death rate. "In this paper, we propose a GBM-specific tumor-immune ordinary differential equations model of glioma cells, T cells, and MDSCs to provide theoretical insights into the interactions between these cells. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords for this news article include: Vaccines, Immunization, Inflammation, Biological Products, Gammaproteobacteria, Health and Medicine, Salmonella Infections, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, University of California - Davis, Foodborne Diseases and Conditions, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods. Biological Products, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Foodborne Diseases and Conditions, Gammaproteobacteria, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods, Health and Medicine, Immunization, Inflammation, Proteobacteria, Salmonella, Salmonella Infections, Vaccines, University of California - Davis Keywords: Biological Products; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Foodborne Diseases and Conditions; Gammaproteobacteria; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods; Health and Medicine; Immunization; Inflammation; Proteobacteria; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; University of California - Davis; Vaccines EN Biological Products Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae Infections Foodborne Diseases and Conditions Gammaproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods Health and Medicine Immunization Inflammation Proteobacteria Salmonella Salmonella Infections University of California - Davis Vaccines 167 167 1 05/02/23 20230501 NES 230501 2023 MAY 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Vaccine Weekly -- Salmonella infections cause about a million deaths a year worldwide, and there is an urgent need for better vaccines for both typhoid fever and non-typhoidal Salmonella disease. [Extracted from the article]

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "This paper overviews the history of TCMR diagnosis using the Banff classification, and the clinical importance, treatment, and prospects for acute and chronic active TCMR." Keywords: Tokyo; Japan; Asia; Life Science; Diagnostics and Screening; Health and Medicine EN Tokyo Japan Asia Life Science Diagnostics and Screening Health and Medicine 3926 3926 1 04/24/23 20230428 NES 230428 2023 APR 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators publish new report on Life Science. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biological Products; Blood Cancer; COVID-19; Cancer; Communicable Disease Control; Coronavirus; Environment and Public Health; Health and Medicine; Immunization; Immunology; Oncology; Public Health; Public Health Practice; RNA Viruses; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Vaccination; Vaccine Efficacy; Vaccines; Viral; Virology EN Biological Products Blood Cancer COVID-19 Cancer Communicable Disease Control Coronavirus Environment and Public Health Health and Medicine Immunization Immunology Oncology Public Health Public Health Practice RNA Viruses SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Vaccination Vaccine Efficacy Vaccines Viral Virology 1 1 1 04/10/23 20230414 NES 230414 2023 APR 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at NewsRx COVID-19 Weekly -- Researchers found that, despite being heavily immunocompromised, haematology patients generate strong cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination, on par with that of healthy individuals. University of Melbourne Dr Oanh Nguyen, Senior Research Fellow at the Doherty Institute and co-lead author of the paper, says it is important to really understand vaccine efficacy in this immunosuppressed high-risk group of patients to help prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have developed a novel treatment for T-cell leukemias and lymphomas. The treatment, called an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), combines an antibody that targets a protein expressed on the surface of T-cell cancers with an anti-cancer drug. In mouse models, the treatment effectively killed T-cell cancers while preserving normal T cells. The researchers are now working with an industry partner to conduct early-phase trials in human patients. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the potential of gamma-delta (??) T cells in controlling Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The research explores the unique features of these cells and their role in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. It also highlights recent advancements in understanding the characteristics of gamma-delta T cells and their potential contribution to HIV control. The outcomes of this research propose promising avenues for leveraging gamma-delta T cells in combating HIV. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in AIDS Weekly, discusses the potential of gamma-delta (??) T cells in controlling Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The research explores the functionality and therapeutic capabilities of these cells, highlighting their role in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. The study also discusses recent advancements in understanding the characteristics of ?? T cells and their potential contribution to HIV control. The research proposes promising avenues for utilizing ?? T cells in combating HIV. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

This paper is a continuation of our previous work (Huang and Yong, 2013) for simplifying the Fas signaling-induced apoptotic pathway identified by Hua et al. (2005) for human tumor T cells. The previous paper studied the downstream intracelluar-signaling subsystem, while the present one is concerned with the upstream death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) subsystem. Under the assumption that the bind of Fas-associated death domains and FLICE-inhibitory proteins to the DISC is much faster than that of the initiator procaspases, we greatly simplify the upstream subsystem from 35 reactions with 26 species to 6 reactions with 9 species by adopting the classical and recently justified partial equilibrium approximation method. Numerical simulations show that the simplified model is in an excellent agreement with the original model. Most importantly, the simplified model clearly reveals the key reactants and dominated pathways in the Fas signaling process, and thus provides new insights into the apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lead researchers behind the study's findings hope to translate them into therapies at a new biotech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered that the cholesterol-lowering drug fenofibrate can enhance the effectiveness of cell-based therapy in fighting solid tumors, such as melanoma. The team found that fenofibrate can switch the metabolism of T cells from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation, providing the cells with an energy source that cancer cells cannot exploit. In preclinical models, T cells treated with fenofibrate survived longer and killed more cancer cells compared to untreated T cells. This intervention shows promise for future anti-tumor therapies and could make a significant difference in the treatment of melanoma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Astellas Pharma in Leiden, Netherlands, explores the regulatory framework for the development of engineered T-cell therapies in the European Union (EU). The study emphasizes the need for constant review and adjustment of regulatory approaches to accelerate the development of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) for cancer patients with limited treatment options. The researchers propose leveraging tools within the existing EU regulatory framework to facilitate an iterative and adaptive learning approach across different product versions. While the study focuses on CAR- and TCR-engineered T-cell therapies, the concepts discussed may be applicable to a broader range of engineered cell therapy products. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) have developed a novel method for detecting contaminants in T-cell cultures within 24 hours. This method, which utilizes machine learning algorithms and third-generation nanopore long-read sequencing, is faster and more accurate than traditional sterility tests, which can take up to 14 days. The researchers aim to improve the safety and efficiency of cell therapy manufacturing, ultimately benefiting patients by ensuring the safety and reliability of cell therapy products. This research was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore. [Extracted from the article]

Mnemo Therapeutics, a biotechnology company, has published a preclinical study in Cancer Discovery that demonstrates the potential of inactivating the enzyme SUV39H1 to enhance the differentiation and persistence of CAR T cells. The study shows that genetic ablation of SUV39H1 reprograms T cells to express memory-associated genes and reduce exhaustion-associated genes, leading to improved efficacy and protection against tumor relapse in mouse models of lung cancer and other solid tumors. The findings suggest that inactivating SUV39H1 could be a promising approach to improving the long-term success of immunotherapy treatments for tumors. [Extracted from the article]

ElevateBio and Boston Children's Hospital unveiled the first spinoff company from their partnership announced last year. The unnamed company will be based on research showing how a new stem cell-based CAR-T could be effective at killing off tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the possible effects and risks of flu vaccinations in children. According to the American Society for Microbiology, vaccinating children against influenza virus may interfere in the development of cross-reactive killer T cells to flu viruses. It also notes that annual flu vaccines could leave children vulnerable against pandemics.

New research combining computer modeling and experiments with macaques shows that the immune system plays a crucial role in controlling HIV infections. The study found that the immune system suppresses viral production in already infected cells and kills viral infected cells, but only within a narrow time window at the start of a cell's infection. The researchers hope that by understanding how the immune system controls HIV, they can develop treatments to enhance this mechanism and potentially cure the disease. The study also resolved a controversy in HIV research by showing that a type of immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells controls infection by both killing infected cells and triggering human cells to deploy defenses against the infection. [Extracted from the article]

Until now, understanding how a T cell forms into a specific role, for example a cell-killing (cytotoxic) T cell or memory T cell, has eluded us. Keywords: Antigens; Biological Factors; Cancer; Engineering; Health and Medicine; Immunology; Institute for Systems Biology; Oncology EN Antigens Biological Factors Cancer Engineering Health and Medicine Immunology Institute for Systems Biology Oncology 103 103 1 11/06/23 20231107 NES 231107 2023 NOV 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- SEATTLE - T cells are soldiers on the front lines of the human immune system. [Extracted from the article]

Mathematical modeling of biological systems is an interesting research topic that attracted the attention of many researchers. One of the main goals in this area is the design of mathematical models that more accurately illustrate the characteristics of the real-world phenomena. Among the existing research projects, modeling of immune systems has given a growing attention due to its natural capabilities in identifying and destroying abnormal cells. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the pathological behavior of HIV-infection using a new model in fractional calculus. The proposed model is examined through three different operators of fractional derivatives. An efficient numerical method is also presented to solve these fractional models effectively. In fact, we believe that the new models presented on the basis of these three operators show various asymptomatic behaviors that do not appear during the modeling with the integer-order derivatives. Therefore, the fractional calculus provides more precise models of biological systems that help us to make more realistic judgments about their complex dynamics. Finally, simulations results are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "shock and kill" strategy is being widely explored to purge Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) latent reservoirs. Romidepsin, a kind of latency-reversing agents (LRAs), has been shown to induce HIV RNA transcription. However, several clinical trials testing this drug have resulted in limited effect in reducing the HIV latent reservoirs. To understand the mechanisms underlying such limited effect, we develop a multi-scale model that incorporates pharmacokinetics and considers the toxicity of romidepsin to T cells in this paper. By fitting the model to the viral load data from plasma of six patients received romidepsin, we find that the model with T cell toxicity of romidepsin can well explain the clinical data. The dynamics of latently infected cells during romidepsin administration are explored using the best-fit parameter values. The results show that latently infected cells decrease very slowly and remain very stable overall in four of the six participants under the assumption of T cell toxicity of romidepsin. This implies that the ineffectiveness of romidepsin on latent reservoirs can be explained by its toxicity to T cells. In the remaining two participants, however, latently infected cells are quite stable without T cell toxicity of LRAs. It is found that the estimated activation rate of latently infected cells by romidepsin and the estimated elimination rate of romidepsin on immune cells for these two patients are very different from those for the other four patients. Thus we speculate that the heterogeneous response to romidepsin across participants may also be a determining factor of the effectiveness of romidepsin. These results may have significant implications in the search for the control of HIV infection. • An HIV model is proposed to understand the cause of ineffectiveness of romidepsin in the "shock and kill" strategy. • The model has a good fit to patients' data when T cell toxicity of romidepsin is considered. • The toxicity of romidepsin to T cell may contribute to the ineffectiveness of "shock and kill" strategy concerning romidepsin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a mathematical model describing the interaction of malignant glioma cells, macrophages and glioma specific CD8+T cells is discussed. The biologically feasible equilibria and corresponding local stability are deduced. The bifurcations and related dynamical behaviors of this model are further studied thoroughly. The existence of transcritical bifurcation and saddle–node bifurcation is derived based on Sotomayor's theorem and Hopf bifurcation is well discussed. The codimension 2 bifurcation such as Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is investigated using the normal form theory and center manifold theorem in more detail. Finally, numerical simulations are obtained to validate our analytical findings by varying the parameters. • The dynamics of a mathematical model describing the interaction of malignantglioma cells, macrophages and glioma specific CD8+T cells are discussed. • The co-existence of equilibria of the model are obtained by numerical simulation. • The existence of codimension 1 and codimension 2 bifurcations is investigated. • Extensive numerical simulations are obtained to validate our analytical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper studies the chronic, multiphases, and relapse-remitting autoimmune disease outcomes. • Our results show that stable states, recurrent oscillations, and three co-existing limit cycles determine the rich disease outcomes. • The mathematical theory is related to the well-known Hilbert's 16th problem. • Numerical simulation demonstrates that the solution (effector T cell population) travels between two stable periodic solutions in a random manner. • Our approach presented in this paper is not only theoretically significant, but also very useful in predicting dynamical behaviors in real systems. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the effector-regulatory (Teff-Treg) T cell interaction on the T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease dynamics. The simple 3-dimensional Teff-Treg model is derived from the two-step model reduction of an established 5-dimensional model. The reduced 4- and 3-dimensional models preserve the dynamical behaviors in the original 5-dimensional model, which represents the chronic and relapse-remitting autoimmune symptoms. Moreover, we find three co-existing limit cycles in the reduced 3-dimensional model, in which two stable periodic solutions enclose an unstable one. The existence of multiple limit cycles provides a new mechanism to explain varying oscillating amplitudes of lesion grade in multiple sclerosis. The complex multiphase symptom could be caused by a noise-driven Teff population traveling between two coexisting stable periodic solutions. The simulated phase portrait and time history of coexisting limit cycles are given correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Henan; People's Republic of China; Asia; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Mononegavirales; Paramyxoviridae; Paramyxoviridae Infections; Pediatrics; Pneumovirinae; Pneumovirus; Pneumovirus Infections; RNA Viruses; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Respiratory Tract Diseases and Conditions; Risk and Prevention; Viral; Virology EN Henan People's Republic of China Asia Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Mononegavirales Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae Infections Pediatrics Pneumovirinae Pneumovirus Pneumovirus Infections RNA Viruses Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Respiratory Syncytial Viruses Respiratory Tract Diseases and Conditions Risk and Prevention Viral Virology 213 213 1 04/17/23 20230421 NES 230421 2023 APR 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pediatrics Week -- New research on Respiratory Tract Diseases and Conditions - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections is the subject of a report. Both intestinal flora disorder and RSV infection could cause cellular immunity imbalance of Th1/Th2 or Treg/Th17, eventually leading to disease deterioration and even a vicious cycle. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper we study a three-dimensional tumor–immune system interaction model consisted of tumor cells, activated T cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. Based on the uncontrollable character of tumor cells in the absence of immune response and treatment, the growth of tumor cells is assumed to be exponential. We discuss the distribution of equilibria qualitatively and study the stability of all possible equilibria with and without anti-PD-1 drug. When no drug is applied, the model has a tumor-free equilibrium and at most one tumorous equilibrium. Biologically, there exists a threshold d T 1 for the death rate d T of T cells: when d T ≥ d T 1 tumor cells will keep growing; when d T < d T 1 tumor cells may be eradicated for some positive initial values and keep growing for some other positive initial values. For the case with anti-PD-1 treatment, the model has at most five tumor-free equilibria and two interior equilibria. Our analysis indicates that there exists a threshold γ A 1 for the intravenous continuous injection γ A : when γ A ≤ γ A 1 the fate of tumor cells is the same as the case with no drug applied; when γ A > γ A 1 the model may exhibit bistable phenomena and periodic orbits. Furthermore, we establish the existence of local Hopf bifurcation around the interior equilibrium and determine the stability of the bifurcating periodic orbits. Our simulations show that the model exhibits a stable periodic orbit which implies the long term coexistence and balance of the tumor and immune system. • Study a tumor–immune system interaction model with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. • Discuss the number and stability of all possible equilibria. • Establish the existence of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the periodic orbit. • Carry out numerical simulations to illustrate the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the work is in the proof-of-concept stage, the "mini organs" could help develop patient-specific therapies for treating thymic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article profiles Wendy Havran, an immunologist who research the distinct T cell population for wound treatment. Topics discussed include the brief personal background of Havran, her academic achievements, her inclination to research, her immersion to immunology, and her studies on T-cells as a treatment option.

The article offers information related to vaccines. It states that vaccines introduce inactive bacteria or virus which stimulate B and T immune cells to fight diseases. In 1998, a research paper linked measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinations with autism, though further studies failed to find any connection. It highlights that in Ireland, vaccinations dropped around 30 percent, resulting in outbreaks of mumps and measles.

The article discusses the research paper "Results from a phase I study of AMG 160, a half-life extended (HLE), PSMA-targeted, bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) immune therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)," by Ben Tran, L. Horvath, T. Dorff, et al., which was presented at the 2020 European Society for Medical Oncology Virtual Congress held on September 19-21. Also detailed are the safety and the antitumor activity of AMG 160.

HIV can infect different cell populations such as CD4+ T cells and macrophages. In this paper, we study the global property of the solution of an HIV model with two target cell populations. The model includes general nonlinear rates of viral infection and cell death. For each class of target cells, the time delay between viral entry into cells and viral production is included in the model. We obtain the basic reproductive number of the model, which is shown to provide a threshold condition determining the long-term behavior of the solution of the model. Specifically, we show that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproductive number is less than or equal to 1, and that the infected equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproductive number is greater than 1. We also extend the model with two target cell populations to a general model with n populations. Similar global properties are obtained for the general model. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the stability results and to evaluate the relative contribution to viral production from the two cell populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers from Ain Shams University conducted a study on the expression of Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) in thyroid lesions, specifically papillary thyroid carcinoma. The study found that high GARP expression was significantly higher in malignant thyroid neoplasms compared to benign and low-risk lesions. The researchers suggest that GARP could be a potential target for anticancer immunotherapy. The full study can be accessed in The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, and more information can be obtained from the Department of Pathology at Ain Shams University. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we present an algorithm inspired on the T-Cell model of the immune system (i.e., an artificial immune system), which is used to solve economic dispatch problems. The proposed approach is called IA_EDP, which stands for Immune Algorithm for Economic Dispatch Problem , and it uses two versions of a redistribution power operator which tries to keep feasible the solutions that it finds. The proposed approach is validated using eight problems taken from the specialized literature. Our results are compared with respect to those obtained by several other approaches. We also perform some statistical analysis in order to determine the sensitivity of our proposed approach to its parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]