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The latest classification of dry eye disease (DED) recognizes two primary sub-types: aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye (EDE). (1) This framework reflects a pathophysiology-based approach and [...]

It should come as no surprise that dry eye disease (DED) is a pressing global issue. Just look at these statistics for the United States alone: The prevalence of DED [...]

Introduction Preservatives in eye drops serve an important role in reducing the possibility of drop contamination and therefore avoiding introduction of unwanted pathogens such as bacteria to the ocular surface. [...]

As an optometrist at a practice specializing in contact lenses, I treat many patients who have keratoconus. However, keeping them comfortable can be a struggle, particularly when they have comorbid [...]

A 61-year-old woman presented for follow-up of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with an ongoing report of feeling grittiness and tearing in both eyes. She has a history of bilateral trabeculectomy [...]

The cornea and endogenous nerve growth factor The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of the body with an estimated 7000 nociceptors/m[m.sup.2], making it 400 times more sensitive than [...]

Dry eye disease (DED) is a ubiquitous disorder in patients who are candidates for corneal refractive surgery and implantation of premium intraocular lenses to treat presbyopia and cataracts, according to [...]

In 2017, the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society's Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II Report updated the definition of dry eye disease, describing it as 'a multifactorial disease of the [...]

Byline: Neha. Kumari, Rakhi. Kusumesh, Rekha. Kumari, Bibhuti. Sinha, Vivek. Singh Purpose: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two concentration of autologous serum [...]

Byline: Sreelakshmi. Salim, Sumana. Kamath, Sangeetha. Jeganathan, Shobha. Pai, Teena. Mendonca, Ajay. Kamath Purpose: Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (SH) and carboxymethyl cellulose [...]

Byline: Spandita. Pal, Gorati. Vani, Pragnya. Donthineni, Sayan. Basu, Kotakonda. Arunasri Purpose: To understand the bacterial microbiome changes associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and non-Sjogren's syndrome (NSS) aqueous-deficient dry eyes [...]

Byline: Trailokyanath. Panigrahi, Sharon. D'Souza, Vishnu. Suresh Babu, Mor. Dickman, Rudy. Nuijts, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is characterized by altered ocular surface proinflammatory and antiinflammatory [...]

Byline: Guanghao. Qin, Jiayan. Chen, Liangzhe. Li, Qing. Zhang, Ling. Xu, Sile. Yu, Wei. He, Xingru. He, Emmanuel. Pazo This study reviewed the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light [...]

Byline: Anahita. Kate, Rashmi. Deshmukh, Pragnya. Donthineni, Namrata. Sharma, Rasik. Vajpayee, Sayan. Basu Corneal perforations in eyes with dry eye disease (DED) are difficult to manage due to the interplay [...]

Byline: Shuang. Liu, Guang. Yang, Qingnan. Li, Shaohua. Tang Dry eye disease (DED) is a common multi-factorial disease that is characterized by tear film instability. Diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS), an ophthalmic [...]

Byline: Nikhil. Ashok, Pooja. Khamar, Sharon. D'Souza, Marlies. Gijs, Arkasubhra. Ghosh, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty Dry eye disease (DED) which affects millions of people worldwide is an ocular surface disease [...]

Byline: Purvasha. Narang, Pragnya. Donthineni, Sharon. D'Souza, Sayan. Basu Evaporative dry eye (EDE) due to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the common clinical problems encountered in ophthalmology. It [...]

Byline: Pragnya. Donthineni, Rashmi. Deshmukh, Chitra. Ramamurthy, Virender. Sangwan, Jodhbir. Mehta, Sayan. Basu Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed ophthalmic surgeries in the world. Dry eye disease [...]

Byline: Pragnya. Donthineni, Mariya. Doctor, Swapna. Shanbhag, Anahita. Kate, Anat. Galor, Ali. Djalilian, Swati. Singh, Sayan. Basu Dry eye disease (DED) is a broad term that includes a diverse group [...]

Byline: Bhavya. Gorimanipalli, Pooja. Khamar, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty The endocrine system influences all tissues and cells in the human body. The ocular surface is constantly exposed to circulating hormones [...]

Byline: Archana. Nair, Sharon. D'Souza, Pooja. Khamar, Rudy. Nuijts, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial chronic ocular surface inflammatory condition. Disease severity has been directly [...]

Byline: Ramaraj. Kannan, Samayitree. Das, Rohit. Shetty, Lei. Zhou, Arkasubhra. Ghosh, Vrushali. Deshpande Dry eye disease (DED) is a multi-factorial ocular surface condition driven by compromised ocular lubrication and inflammation [...]

Byline: Ruminder. Kaur, Bharat. Gurnani, Kirandeep. Kaur Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disorder of the ocular surface with a loss of tear film homeostasis, causing an imbalance in [...]

Byline: Deeksha. Prasad, Mohd. Salman, A. Reddy, Jilu. Jaffet, Abhishek. Sahoo, Saumya. Jakati, Kiran. Bokara, Swati. Singh, Sayan. Basu, Vivek. Singh, Pragnya. Donthineni Dry eye disease (DED) is an emerging [...]

Byline: Simmy. Chaudhary, Deepak. Ghimire, Sayan. Basu, Vinay. Agrawal, Deborah. Jacobs, Swapna. Shanbhag Dry eye disease (DED) is prevalent in all age groups and is known to cause chronic ocular [...]

Byline: Swati. Singh, Pragnya. Donthineni, Saumya. Srivastav, Christina. Jacobi, Sayan. Basu, Friedrich. Paulsen Lacrimal and meibomian glands contribute to the aqueous and lipid components of tear film, respectively. Their evaluation [...]

Byline: Santosh. Honavar Dry eye disease (DED) has rapidly emerged as a common ophthalmic disorder, with the global prevalence ranging from 5-50%.[1] However, the generic diagnosis of DED without plugging [...]

Earn 2 CE Credits (COPE APPROVED] While dry eye disease (DED) is common, proper diagnosis can be a challenge. Signs and symptoms don't always correlate, and patients can present with [...]

This activity was written by PER[R] editorial staff under faculty guidance and review. Faculty, Staff and Planners' Disclosures In accordance with ACCME Guidelines, PER[R] has identified and resolved all COI [...]

Treating dry eye disease (DED) often raises more questions than it answers, for both doctors and patients. After all, the disease is difficult to understand and even harder to explain. [...]

What we eat--and don't eat--is impacting our ocular health. Here's what you need to know. The past 10,000 years have given rise to many changes in our nutritional environment, with [...]

Ocular surface inflammation and tear film dysfunction can go undetected, undertreated, or untreated for many patients. In most cases, uncontrolled inflammation is the major effect of multiple factors that drive [...]

The real root cause of most dry eye is failure of the eyelids to protect the ocular surface. Here's how you know. We have all experienced the frustration of caring [...]

Byline: Prateek. Nishant, Achala. Ramawat, N. Shrinkhal, Neeti. Gupta, Sanjeev. Mittal Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of Meiboscale with symptom score (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI]) and meibomian gland dysfunction [...]

Byline: Muhammad. Tariq, Hamza. Amin, Bilal. Ahmed, Uzair. Ali, Ashar. Mohiuddin There is conflicting evidence for the association between smoking and dry eye disease (DED). We conducted a meta-analysis to [...]

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, referred to as dry eye disease (DED), is a growing public health concern affecting as many as 17% of women and 11.1% of men in the United States. [...]

Inflammation is the hallmark symptom of all ocular surface disease, including dry eye disease (DED). Uncontrolled inflammation leads to chronic pain and irritation as well as delayed healing, tissue damage, [...]

Byline: Ritika. Mullick, Sriram. Annavajjhala, Prashansa. Thakur, Ayushi. Mohapatra, Rohit. Shetty, Sharon. D'Souza Purpose: To evaluate the effect of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops on patients with [...]

Delayed Glaucoma Treatment Doesn't Always Put Patients Behind. Daniel Lee D. Yu, Bunya V.Y. Upon comparing the long-term visual outcomes in the two arms of the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial [...]

DREAM Study Researchers Again Challenge Omega-3 Efficacy in DED Treatment. While the original DREAM study only followed patients for 12 months, researchers--again led by study chair Penny Asbell, MD-recently obtained [...]

Dry, irritated eyes can be one of the trickiest clinical findings. These systemic associations may be the key.As a multifactorial disease affecting more than 30 million people within the United [...]

INTRODUCTION Identification and management of dry eye disease (DED) is evolving with the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic modalities. At the same time, ophthalmologists are becoming more aware [...]

The destructive effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) are far reaching, and optometrists see patients with diabetes in their chairs every day. Ocular effects of diabetes include changing vision, dryness, diabetic [...]

The Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society's 2017 Dry Eye Workshop II defined dry eye disease (DED) as a multifactorial disease with symptoms of discomfort or visual disturbance, and tear [...]

Byline: Samrat. Chatterjee, Deepshikha. Agrawal, Gul. Sanowar, Rushi. Kandoi Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in an urban [...]

For many years, the application of a warm, wet wash cloth over the eyes for several minutes, a few times per day over the course of several weeks (if not [...]

Management of dry eye is shifting from solely using tear replacement strategies to also controlling inflammation. Also, research is targeting meibomian gland disease as the primary driver. Interest in dry [...]

Byline: Krishna. Vunnava, Naren. Shetty, Kamal. Kapur Refractive surgery has evolved from being a therapeutic correction of high refractive errors to a cosmetic correction. The expectations associated with such a [...]

Optometrists see a large disparity between the prevalence of dry eye disease and the number of patients who are treated. (1) ODs know that they need to jump in with [...]

Recently, two patients presented requesting more information about some 'educational' materials they received. In both instances, the literature was cringe-inducing and underscored the probably vast amounts of misinformation to which [...]