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Damage accumulation and failure in random fiber networks is of importance in a variety of applications, from design of synthetic materials, such as paper and non-wovens, to accidental tearing of biological tissues. In this work we study these processes using three-dimensional models of athermal fiber networks, focusing attention on the modes of failure and on the relationship between network strength and network structural parameters. We consider network failure at small and large strains associated with the rupture of inter-fiber bonds. It is observed that the strength increases linearly with the network volume fraction and with the bond strength, while the stretch at peak stress is inversely related to these two parameters. A small fraction of the bonds rupture before peak stress and this fraction increases with increasing failure stretch. Rendering the bond strength stochastic causes a reduction of the network strength. However, heterogeneity retards damage localization and increases the stretch at peak stress, therefore promoting ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study aimed at finding a set of different methods to increase the extensibility of paper to a qualitatively new level, explaining its possibility by impacting the structure of the fibres, fibre bonds and the resulting structure of the fibre network in separate ways or altogether. Figures of the formability tester outline, the combined approach for the improvement of extensibility, and the influence of the mechanical treatments on the fibre and paper properties are shown.

Abstract: Using Lu''s continuation theorem, the extension one of Manásevich–Mawhin, we study the existence of periodic solutions for p-Laplacian neutral Liénard equation of the formIt is meaningful that the coefficient ahead of the nonlinear term is allowed to change sign in this paper, which could be achieved infrequently in corresponding papers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper considers a class of social foraging swarms with a nutrient profile (or an attractant/repellent) and an attraction–repulsion coupling function, which is chosen to guarantee collision avoidance between individuals. The paper also studies non-identical interaction ability or efficiency among different swarm individuals for different profiles. The swarm behavior is a result of a balance between inter-individual interplays as well as the interplays of the swarm individuals (agents) with their environment. It is proved that the individuals of a quasi-reciprocal swarm will aggregate and eventually form a cohesive cluster of finite size for different profiles. It is also shown that the swarm system is completely stable, that is, every solution converges to the set of equilibrium points of the system. Moreover, all the swarm individuals will converge to more favorable areas of the profile under certain conditions. For general non-reciprocal swarms, numerical simulations show that more complex self-organized rotation may occur in the swarms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a three dimensional autonomous system which is similar to the Lorenz system is considered. By choosing an appropriate bifurcation parameter, we prove that a Hopf bifurcation occurs in this system when the bifurcation parameter exceeds a critical value. A formula for determining the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions is presented by applying the normal form theory. Finally, an example is given and numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the obtained results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, the well known He’s variational iteration method (VIM) is used to construct solitary wave solutions for Boussinesq equation (BE). The chosen initial solution (trial function) can be in soliton form with some unknown parameters which can be determined in the solution procedure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents information on the findings of a recent survey of Fortune 100 companies encouraging more conscious use of paper and wood products. According to the report of this survey, just seven Fortune 100 companies include responsible use of wood products in their environmental policies. Another shocking truth is that paper is one of mankind's most resource-intensive products with significant impacts on ecosystems around the world. the fact is that over one-third of all wood harvested worldwide goes into papermaking. A diverse group of NGOs known as the Environmental Paper Network has collaborated through a Common Vision platform that calls for systemic short and long-term changes in the sourcing of fibers and the production, distribution and consumption of paper. New York-based Mohawk Paper Mills Inc., the largest producer of premium text and cover papers in the U.S., now meets 38% of its energy needs with windpower. The company has become the second ranking industrial purchaser of renewable energy in the country and the strategy is starting to pay dividends in a time of escalating energy costs.

This paper studies the shrinkage estimation for the difference between location parameters of exponential distributions when it is suspected but uncertain whether the two parameters are equal. A pre-test estimator and a shrinkage estimator after pre-test are proposed. Both the suboptimal levels of significance for the pre-test estimator in a special case and suboptimal values of shrinkage coefficients for the shrinkage estimator are obtained based on a regret function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents news related to the technology. According to a snippet, the paper manufacturer Landqart in Switzerland is to embed fine, photoluminescent polymer fibres in banknote paper. Landqart found that if the cross section of the fibres is a squashed oval or a flattened rectangle, they rise to the surface of the cotton-based banknote paper pulp as it dries. Another snippet presents information on the video pirates that can extract pay-television codes from a smartcard by using an array of electrical probes to assess the state of the Os and is stored by the transistors in the embedded chip. This can be prevented by covering the chip surface with a fine metal mesh.

The article discusses the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI) 2016 Convention & Exposition regarding fiber baler quality and paper stock industry at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. It mentions the impact of fiber bale quality on old newspapers (ONP), mixed paper and old corrugated containers (OCC). It also presents teh views of Johnny Gold, president of the Gold Group Recycling Consultants LLC, on the same.

The article describes the ecowirl technology for efficient instant whirl field dosing and mixing of liquid products into huge flows in the pulp and paper industry. It notes that the system relies on the formation of a complex multidimensional whirl field, created by an injected pushing fluid by a pressure difference. It cites the advantages of simplifying a dosing process to a less complex procedure without prediluting section. A schematic structure of an ecowirl dosing unit is presented.

The article reports on the projections for recovered fiber markets in the U.S. for the summer of 2013. It is expected that these markets will not experience a significant slide in pricing. The market for old corrugated containers is expected to show modest improvement in price and demand, whereas mixed paper and old newspaper may decline albeit slightly, through the next few months. There is, however, concern for the decline in recovered fiber generation, according to the author.

The article reports on the continued price increase of recycled paper in the U.S. as of October 2010. The prices for old corrugated container (OCC) increased by 10 dollars per ton, as noted by several paper stock dealers. The total consumption of recovered fiber in August has reached 2.71 million tons, according to figures from the American Forest & Paper Association.

This article discusses the issues surrounding paper recycling as of August 2005. While recycling has grown since the 1990s, the issue of virgin fibre sourcing remains controversial. Forests, the natural source of raw material, face problems as paper companies continue to cut down trees in their quest for making as much money as possible. Despite the numerous problems, much of the industry is at least attempting to respond to its environmental challenges. Arguably, only increased global cooperation can take the industry closer to true sustainability. INSET: Recycling.

Discusses the importance of using recyclable paper products. Recycled products usually being mistaken as inferior and more expensive to than nonrecyclable products; Reduction in pulp and paper pollution; Setting standards for pulp and paper products.

This article presents tips on the effective use of sandpapers. John Dee, a painting and decorating contractor, offers tips on how to make a sandpaper last longer. It is informed that John cuts sandpaper sheets in half and then folds them into thirds so that the abrasive sides are not touching. He then pinches the apex of the triangle between his thumb and index finger to grip the paper. This method prevents the sandpaper from wearing against itself during use.

This article focuses on a report issued by the British Environment Agency which is based on a life-cycle assessment of the manufacture, use and disposal of disposable and reusable diapers. Also included are those washed at home and those cleaned by commercial laundry services. The agency suggested the use of recycled paper fiber in disposable diapers.