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Researchers at St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research conducted a study to evaluate the differences in coronary microvasculature and myocardial structure between individuals with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). The study found that individuals with CAD had lower arteriole density, lower capillary length density, and higher total myocardial fibrosis compared to those without CAD. These findings suggest that CAD is associated with coronary microvascular rarefaction and increased myocardial fibrosis, which may contribute to the elevated risks of death, myocardial infarction, and heart failure associated with CAD. [Extracted from the article]