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This statement explains the need for private financial support of state colleges and universities, and suggests that such support makes the difference between adequacy and excellence in higher education. Private support makes available scholarships and loans, increases the distinguished faculty through endowed chairs, builds special facilities, provides special academic opportunities, and broadens opportunities for minorities. Listed are efforts of public institutions that deserve extra support: manpower training, expanding knowledge through research, and broadening opportunities for minorities. The developing financial challenge to higher education institutions is described referring to the limits of federal funds, rising student costs, and the importance of private funds from a number of sources (corporations, foundations, alumni and individuals, and community and civic groups). Charts show the sources of support for public universities in 1975-76, where the public university's private support dollar comes from, and how that dollar is spent. Member institutions of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges and the American Association of State Colleges and Universities are listed. (MSE)

Some of the essential elements now deficient in national energy programs are identified, and recommendations are offered for business, universities, and government regarding actions that may improve energy-related research and training. Five topics that need to be addressed by professionals are: (1) an energy policy that ensures that targets for both domestic energy supply and energy consumption are consistent, to reduce or eliminate dependence on imported oil; (2) an energy supply system involving a mix of technologies that are both sustainable and socially acceptable; (3) a sufficient knowledge base from which to evaluate the benefits and costs of different long-term energy technologies and strategies; (4) an understanding of long term energy demands; and (5) public attitudes toward technology, government, social institutions, and the quality of life that will strongly influence future energy policies and programs. It is suggested that expansion of goal-oriented basic research and other improvements will depend on a good cooperative working relationship among business, higher education, and government. Descriptions of cooperative efforts are appended. Among the recommended actions are: business and industry should increase support of university goal-oriented basic research and programs for training professionals; higher education should establish faculty-administration-board committees to seek ways to improve the flow of activity on research and training between each institution and relevant industry; higher education should establish an energy agenda setting priorities and the activities needed to respond to the energy problem; government needs to encourage private sector action; and Congress should enact legislation to provide tax incentives for business to increase its support of basic and goal-oriented research. (SW)

Some possible solutions to the shortage of faculty jobs are addressed in two papers. In "PhDs in Nonacademic Careers: Are There Good Jobs," Lewis C. Solmon evaluates the prospects for nonacademic jobs for humanists, scientists, engineers, and social scientists, based on three separate studies. Projections on the probable major of undergraduates are examined to indicate the demand for faculty by subject field. Information is provided on the number of PhDs produced each year in selected humanities fields; employment of PhDs by field, type of employer, and primary work activity; and overall job satisfaction by employment sector and field of PhD. Recommendations are offered for current graduate students. In "Robots or Reinsmen: Job Opportunities and Professional Standing for Collegiate Administrators in the l980s," Robert A. Scott suggests that one probable growth area resulting from faculty job shortages is in mid-level administrator jobs. New types of administrator roles are described that will likely be created in response to increasingly powerful external agencies. Young faculty who fail to gain tenure and older faculty who lack students because of lower enrollment are probable new sources of middle-level administrators. The more experienced mid-level managers, seeing dwindling rewards and incentives in academe, may in turn be attracted to middle-management jobs in private industry and government. (SW)

To assist the Competitiveness Policy Council in drawing up this report, four of the Council's eight subcouncils were asked to provide their assessment of recent federal initiatives and to make any new recommendations that seemed appropriate. The participating subcouncils were Critical Technologies, Public Infrastructure, Trade Policy, and Training. This document consists of the report of the council as a whole followed by the four individual subcouncil reports. The major federal initiatives with competitiveness implications that were found to be on track were as follows: the budget package passed by Congress to stem the growth of the budget deficit, pursuit of the council's recommendations to improve apprenticeship and school-to-work programs, a new technology policy that increases the budget for the Advanced Technology Program, pursuit of a "global growth strategy" and promotion of exports, the "reinventing government" initiative that is a next step in restoring fiscal discipline, and efforts to reform the health care system. The council made specific recommendations for improving the quality and quantity of public investment. The council favored increasing the gasoline tax to fund additional infrastructure programs and urged a moratorium on future site-specific demonstration projects pending establishment of an evaluation process. It recommended a program to help workers adversely affected by policies to benefit the economy as a whole. The council urged that the public debate be refocused on the competitiveness agenda and that Congress make permanent the research and experimentation tax credit. (Appendixes include 13 endnotes and the four reports prepared by the subcouncils.) (YLB)

Skills and knowledge developed by undergraduate study of the humanities and the application of these skills to business careers are discussed. The humanities are chiefly verbal disciplines and offer vital career preparation wherever communication and human relations are important. The scrutiny of students' writing, which occurs in humanities courses, develops skills in logic, precision of expression, and the ability to persuade. Humanities studies, which include English and history, help students learn about how people act and think. Humanities majors not only develop skills in writing but also in reading. Humanities graduates have skills that are valuable to a range of unspecialized jobs (management, public relations, personnel, communications). Liberal arts colleges should find out about job opportunities and create more ties with diverse employers. Insufficient concern for introductory humanities courses by colleges and narrow teaching of advanced courses are criticized. Specific reference is made to issues concerning the study of English. Reasons that keep business from turning to the humanities to find their employees are largely related to the identification of subject matters in the university, the established relationships between college and business, and routes of access by which students move to business careers. (SW)

Perspectives on leadership, the workplace, and changing values are presented in three papers. In "Changing the Shape of Work: Reform in Academe," Rosabeth Moss Kanter discusses the structure of academic career paths and ways to improve the quality of worklife for individuals employed in academe, applying theories she developed in her study on work in the corporate world. In "Changing Values: Implications for Major Social Institutions," Morton Darrow describes the challenges that changing values pose to all major institutions and would-be leaders. It is suggested that new leaders must be negotiators and integrators of diverse phenomena, understanding patterns of events and able to take charge in situations where their control may be limited. In "Leadership Needs of the 1980s," Michael Maccoby suggests that economic and social transformations demand a new leadership style. Personality and styles of leaders during different historic periods are sketched, covering the craftsman, the empire builder, the gamesman, and others. According to Maccoby, leaders should be able to analyze and reconstruct their organizations on the basis of social and economic realities, and with a real understanding of changing "national character." (SW)

The United States Department of Education and the American Vocational Association have undertaken a study to define the role of vocational training in job development. The literature and conversations with people involved in job development programs have shown that regional economic growth, including increases in employment, depends on five key elements--money, materials, markets, management, and manpower. Federal legislative actions concerning job creation emphasize job expansion in the private sector. Such measures as job training, tax incentives to employers who hire cooperative education students, and small business management courses have also been suggested. Three kinds of support various regions have used to aid economic development include attracting new industry, revitalizing existing industry, and expanding the economic base. These customized industrial services programs, conducted by a separate agency or a multiple agency design, are organized around the outreach efforts of vocational departments and are linked with business and community. The study just initiated intends to judge the success of state and local job creation and development programs. Suggested strategies for vocational educators to increase the demand for workers include the following: providing cooperative work experience, entering into partnerships with urban or rural renewal agencies to prepare people for jobs in small business or management, and collaborating in customized industrial programs. (YLB)

Bond valuation is examined to provide college administrators a more thorough understanding of the process to help them in developing their market values, or to help them in moving to a market valuation on bond holdings. Two methods presently used to value bonds, a matrix system and a trader quotation method, are described. An overview of bond markets and a discussion of dealer quote versus matrix pricing are presented. Features important to educational institutions when considering a bond-pricing service are considered. The two services that are the best-known evaluation of debt issues in the United States are Moody's and Standard and Poor's. Salomon Brothers is probably the largest bond trading house in the world, with the most comprehensive organization of bond traders. Additional services described are provided by: Kuhn Loeb, Digital Information Corporation, Interactive Data Services, Inc., Telstat, and Merrill Lynch. (SW)

Concerns of the academic and business communities regarding science and technology in the United States are addressed. The Harris Poll found that there are signs that American people are viewing science as a more positive force than ever before. A majority is convinced that even if it brings no immediate benefits, scientific research, which advances the frontiers of knowledge, is a necessary human endeavor worth supporting. A plurality of the public agree that colleges and universities have fallen far behind in their ability to conduct basic scientific research and to properly train young scientists and engineers. As for the scientific reputation of universities, 12 percent of the public felt the federal government had the most creative atmosphere for scientific research, 22 percent said industry, 27 percent mentioned foundations, and 41 percent singled out universities. It is suggested that a poor job has been done in arousing and awakening the American people or the Congress to the urgency of restoring the basic teaching and research capability in science and engineering on college campuses. It is proposed that business become heavily involved in upgrading universities' capacity to teach and conduct basic research. On the other hand, universities need to reconstruct their research and teaching capability in science and engineering. Perspectives on the economy and the public's perspectives regarding business are also considered. (SW)

This volume pulls together commentaries on Charles E. Lindblom's book entitled "Politics and Markets: The World's Political-Economic Systems" (1977) which expounds the thesis that big business dominates American culture and politics and prevents the introduction of central planning in place of a market-oriented economy. Following an introduction, this collection of essays is organized into two parts. Part 1 contains arguments against the book's thesis in these six essays: "Pluralism Reconsidered" by Eugene Bardach; "An Alarmist View of Corporate Influence" by Royall Brandis; "How Powerful is Business?" by Ithiel de Sola Pool; "Democracy and the Corporation" by James Q. Wilson; "Business, Government, the Public: Who Manipulates Whom?" by Paul J. Halpern; and "The Servility of Business" by Clarence J. Brown. Part 2 contains an essay by David Stockman entitled "How the Market Outwits the Planners" which is a rebuttal of Lindblom's claim that natural resources will be depleted in an economy based on production-for-profit. (KW)