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Copyright of Tandlaegebladet is the property of Tandlaegeforeningen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For accurate prognostics, users have to determine the current health of the system and predict future degradation pattern of the system. An increasingly popular approach toward tackling prognostic problems involves the use of switching models to represent various degradation phases, which the system undergoes. Such approaches have the advantage of determining the exact degradation phase of the system and being able to handle nonlinear degradation models through piecewise linear approximation. However, limitations of such existing methods include, limited applicability due to the discretization of predicted remaining useful life, insufficient robustness due to the use of single models and others. This paper circumvents these limitations by proposing a hybrid of ensemble methods with switching methods. The proposed method first implements a switching Kalman filter (SKF) to classify between various linear degradation phases, then predict the future propagation of fault dimension using appropriate Kalman filters for each phase. This proposed method achieves both continuous and discrete prediction values representing the remaining life and degradation phase of the system, respectively. The proposed framework is shown via a case study on benchmark simulated aeroengine data sets. The evaluation of the proposed framework shows that the proposed method achieves better accuracy and robustness against noise compared with other methods reported in the literature. The results also indicate the effectiveness of the SKF in detecting the switching point between various degradation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A comprehensive review conducted by researchers at Yonsei University College of Dentistry in Seoul, South Korea, highlights the potential ocular complications associated with facial aesthetic laser and light treatments. The review identifies various types of ocular injuries, such as conjunctival burns, corneal damage, retinal phototoxicity, and transient vision disturbances, which can occur during these procedures. The incidence of these complications depends on factors such as the type of laser or light source used, treatment parameters, and protective measures taken. The researchers emphasize the importance of awareness among practitioners, the implementation of safety protocols, and continued education to minimize risks and enhance patient safety in esthetic dermatological practices. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Qatar University explores the use of RGB and multispectral imagery with band selection for automated tumor grading. The study found that multispectral imaging, which captures images at different wavelengths in the visible and infrared spectrums, provides better results compared to traditional RGB imaging. The researchers propose a band-selection strategy using mutual information between image bands to eliminate redundant bands and increase classification accuracy. The study concludes that multispectral imaging has advantages over RGB imaging and offers a band-selection method to address the higher computational demands of multispectral imaging. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the National Institute of Technology Durgapur in India explores the use of deep learning algorithms, specifically ResNet50, for classifying ovarian tumors as benign or malignant. The study aims to address the lack of explainability in the classification results and identify the specific features that contribute to the classification. The researchers implemented a modified ResNet50 architecture and achieved a classification accuracy of 97.5% on the test dataset. The results suggest that the shape and localized nature of the tumors are important factors in determining their ability to metastasize and be classified as benign or malignant. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: This paper proposes a general class of regression models for continuous proportions when the data contain zeros or ones. The proposed class of models assumes that the response variable has a mixed continuous–discrete distribution with probability mass at zero or one. The beta distribution is used to describe the continuous component of the model, since its density has a wide range of different shapes depending on the values of the two parameters that index the distribution. We use a suitable parameterization of the beta law in terms of its mean and a precision parameter. The parameters of the mixture distribution are modeled as functions of regression parameters. We provide inference, diagnostic, and model selection tools for this class of models. A practical application that employs real data is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Deletion, replacement and mean-shift model are three approaches frequently used to detect influential observations and outliers. For general linear model with known covariance matrix, it is known that these three approaches lead to the same update formulae for the estimates of the regression coefficients. However if the covariance matrix is indexed by some unknown parameters which also need to be estimated, the situation is unclear. In this paper, we show under a common subclass of linear mixed models that the three approaches are no longer equivalent. For maximum likelihood estimation, replacement is equivalent to mean-shift model but both are not equivalent to case deletion. For restricted maximum likelihood estimation, mean-shift model is equivalent to case deletion but both are not equivalent to replacement. We also demonstrate with real data that misuse of replacement and mean-shift model in place of case deletion can lead to incorrect results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper extends the direct sensitivity analysis of Shi and Lukas [2005, Sensitivity analysis of constrained linear regression: perturbations to response and predictor variables. Comput. Statist. Data Anal. 48, 779–802] of linear (least absolute deviations) regression with linear equality and inequality constraints on the parameters. Using the same active set framework of the reduced gradient algorithm (RGA), we investigate the effect on the regression estimate of small perturbations to the constraints (constants and coefficients). It is shown that the constrained estimate is stable, but not uniformly stable, and in certain cases it is unchanged. We also consider the effect of addition and deletion of observations and determine conditions under which the estimate is unchanged. The results demonstrate the robustness of regression and provide useful diagnostic information about the influence of observations. Results characterizing the (possibly non-unique) solution set are also given. The sensitivity results are illustrated with numerical simulations on the problem of derivative estimation under a concavity constraint. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

For the month of November 2021, APBN questions the argument of nature versus nurture and the importance of early intervention. In Features, we have a special contribution by Dr. Salam Soliman on how we can heal childhood trauma through dyadic relationship-based interventions. In Columns, we dive into Italy's contagion data with Dr. Galileo Violini and consider if there is a connection between Italy's R-value and vaccination rate. Finally, in Spotlights, we have an interview with Ruby E Dewi from MediLux Biosciences to share about the prevalence of tuberculosis in Asia and how the company's novel dye would be a gamechanger for tuberculosis diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the month of March 2021, APBN takes a look at these aspects in our features section. We explore the potential use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) in molecular diagnostics in an article written by Mark Carascal, a scientist, science illustrator, and science communicator advocate. Also, in the Features section, we look at the rising prevalence of genetic disorders as well as gene editing technologies across the world in an article contribution by Saloni Walimbe. In our Columns section, we evaluate the sufficiency and feasibility of current policies in protecting patient health data and how there is room for improvement. Gain insight to how to improve healthcare access in a sustainable way in Thailand through closer collaboration between organizations. The Spotlights section for this month sheds light on a variety of topics, first we look at liquid biopsies as a cancer diagnostic tool in ensuring proper treatment in an interview with Dr Steven Olsen, CMO at Guardant Health AMEA. In another interview with Dr Agnes Siew Ling Tey, Senior Clinical Scientist, Nutrition R&D Centre for Asia Pacific, Abbott on the recent Phase Two findings from the SHIELD study on nutrition in the elderly. Finally, we share highlights from the ISPE Singapore Conference and Exhibition held in November 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent report from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Timisoara, Romania discusses the challenges of diagnosing unpredictable metastasis in the head and neck region. The report presents three rare cases of unusual metastases, including two cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to the gingiva and nasal region, and a case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasizing to the mandible. In all cases, incisional biopsies were performed to determine the diagnosis, and immunohistochemical reactions were used to support the identification of the primary tumor site. The research highlights the complexity of metastatic disease and the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Several specialized techniques are shown for efficiently incorporating spelling correction algorithms into compilers and operating systems. These include the use of syntax and semantics information, the organization of restricted keyword and symbol tables, and the consideration of a limited class of spelling errors. Sample 360 coding for performing spelling correction is presented. By using systems which perform spelling correction, the number of debugging runs per program has been decreased, saving both programmer and machine time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Diagnostics; Diagnostics and Screening; Health and Medicine EN Diagnostics Diagnostics and Screening Health and Medicine 505 505 1 09/25/23 20230929 NES 230929 2023 SEP 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- Investigators publish new report on diagnostics. The proposed approach demonstrates the potential of DSCNet as an effective tool for early and accurate ALL diagnosis, with potential applications in clinical settings to improve patient outcomes and advance leukemia detection research.". [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Blood Pressure; Diagnostics; Health and Medicine EN Blood Pressure Diagnostics Health and Medicine 777 777 1 08/14/23 20230814 NES 230814 2023 AUG 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Clinical Trials Week -- Data detailed on diagnostics have been presented. Keywords for this news article include: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, Asia, Diagnostics, Blood Pressure, Health and Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

SINGAPORE - NUS Study: Daily Consumption of Tea Protects the Elderly from Cognitive Decline. SINGAPORE - Singapore Researchers Use Patients' Stem Cells to Test for Side Effects of Drugs - Discovery Brings Doctors Closer to Personalized Medicine. UNITED STATES - Diabetes in Your DNA? Scientists Zero in on the Genetic Signature of Risk. UNITED STATES - Super Resolution Imaging Helps Determine a Stem Cell's Future. UNITED STATES - Wearable Biosensors Can Tell You When to See the Doctor. AUSTRALIA - PromarkerD Predictive Diagnostics for DKD to Roll-out in Asia. JAPAN - Enrollment Commences in Phase III Clinical Study of Eisai's BACE Inhibitor Elenbecestat in Early Alzheimer's Disease in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Blood Pressure; Diagnostics; Emerging Technologies; Gaussian Processes; Health and Medicine; Machine Learning; Technology EN Blood Pressure Diagnostics Emerging Technologies Gaussian Processes Health and Medicine Machine Learning Technology 198 198 1 04/17/23 20230421 NES 230421 2023 APR 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- Investigators publish new report on diagnostics. Blood Pressure, Diagnostics, Emerging Technologies, Health and Medicine, Machine Learning, Technology, Gaussian Processes. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Algorithms; Blood Pressure; Diagnostics; Emerging Technologies; Gaussian Processes; Health and Medicine; Hemodynamics; Machine Learning EN Algorithms Blood Pressure Diagnostics Emerging Technologies Gaussian Processes Health and Medicine Hemodynamics Machine Learning 2023 MAR 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- Data detailed on diagnostics have been presented. Algorithms, Blood Pressure, Diagnostics, Emerging Technologies, Gaussian Processes, Health and Medicine, Hemodynamics, Machine Learning. [Extracted from the article]

BIOTRONIK Begins Manufacturing High-Tech Products in Singapore. First Dengue Vaccine Approved in More than 10 Countries. Zyrtec® Tablet for Allergy Relief, Now Available Over-the-Counter as Zyrtec®-R Tablet. Covance Receives Frost & Sullivan Asia Pacific CRO Growth Excellence Leadership Award Three Years Running. First Pan-Asian Real-world Study on the Use of Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Oxford Spinout to Develop Cancer Therapies which Reprogram Tumours to Die. Recruitment Begins for Major Clinical Study in Precision Therapy for Liver Cancer Patients. GE Healthcare opens USD 7.4 million APAC Fast Trak Bioprocessing Technology and Training Center in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INDONESIA - Alleged cure for dengue in Indonesia stirs debate. JAPAN - Daiichi Sankyo submits SAVAYSATM tablets new drug application to the U.S. FDA. MALAYSIA - Marine bacterial compound shows antiviral potential. THE PHILIPPINES - Rice bias in the Philippines 'neglects soil problems'. SINGAPORE - Start-up market's artificial cell membranes can speed up drug discovery. SINGAPORE - NCCS scientists discover gene regulation is dependent on protein. SINGAPORE - Elephant shark genome provides new insights into bone formation and adaptive immunity in humans. SINGAPORE - Vela Diagnostics launches qualitative test to identify never before documented virus in Western hemisphere. SINGAPORE - New discovery of biomarker to improve diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. VIETNAM - Setback for dengue-blocking mosquito trial in Vietnam. AFRICA - Scientists to create disease-resistant Ethiopian enset. AFRICA - Viral load tests 'could transform HIV treatment failure'. EUROPE - QIAGEN and Exosome Diagnostics to develop first-in-class, non-invasive diagnostics for key genetic biomarkers in lung and other cancers. EUROPE - Study examines probiotic use in preventing gastrointestinal disorders in infants. EUROPE - Gecko Biomedical's co-founders demonstrate a 'bio-inspired' tissue adhesive that shows promise for minimally invasive heart surgery and vessel repair. UNITED STATES - Scientists solve 40-year mystery of how sodium controls opioid brain signaling. UNITED STATES - Scripps Florida scientists identify possible key to drug resistance in Crohn's disease. UNITED STATES - On-demand vaccines possible with engineered nanoparticles. UNITED STATES - Odor receptors discovered in lungs. UNITED STATES - New technique targets specific areas of cancer cells with different drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Hip Thing: Flying halfway around the globe for a new hip. Diagnostics & Cardiovascular Disease - Helping to Curtail Rising Numbers. Frequent Monitoring of Atrial Fibrillation Patients and Anticoagulants. Eco-friendlily Yours: The Way Forward. TauRx enters collaborative R&D agreement with Bayer Schering Pharma. Major New Asean Health and Well-Being Study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites a research study, which states that acquired rectal fistula may be a sign of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children. According to recent research from Nigeria, acquired rectal fistula in HIV-positive children is a new and worrisome entity. The aim of this paper is to highlight the relationship between HIV infection and acquired rectal fistula (RF) in children in order to create awareness among clinicians who attend to children. The researchers suggested that acquired RF seems to be a sign of HIV infection in children. It will be necessary to screen any child presenting with acquired RF for HIV infection.

Interview with Frost & Sullivan — Celebrating Best Practices in Healthcare. Interview with InterSystems Corporation — Connecting Applications, Processes and People Intelligently. Interview with Philips Healthcare — Excellence in Medical Imaging & Radiology. Interview with Roche Diagnostics — Cutting-Edge Clinical Diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it rains, it pours, and this month was nothing less than a deluge of new and--more often than not-highly interesting products. Just when we thought we didn't have the […]