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Artificial habitat for cavity nesting birds can provide excellent opportunities for research and conservation efforts but may expose species to the negative impacts of warming ambient temperatures with climate change. Artificial nest boxes have been successfully used to monitor the breeding activity of the Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus), a small burrow‐nesting seabird, on Southeast Farallon Island (SEFI) since 1971. Mean monthly ambient air temperatures on SEFI during the summer months have increased at an annual rate of roughly 0.03°C from 1971 to 2022, along with an increase in the number of extreme heat days and average maximum temperature, confirming a warming trend at this seabird colony. Given a projected increase in global temperature, we assessed the effectiveness of traditional wooden nest boxes vs. newer ceramic modules at buffering external ambient air temperatures in normal and extreme heat days across a gradient of microclimates on SEFI. Results from fitting linear mixed effects models indicated that, on average, internal temperatures of wooden and ceramic nests (of comparable size and shape) exhibited similar rates of deviation from ambient air temperature of approximately 0.15°C, even during extreme heat events. Ceramic modules did keep nest chambers cooler by approximately 1.2°C than wooden boxes during extreme events at the warmer, drier southern location of the island. Our results can help guide future efforts to design artificial nests that can effectively provide habitat for seabirds as ambient temperatures increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) as threatened in 2016 under the 1973 Endangered Species Act. We tested a visual‐encounter survey method during 2016 to aid researchers and managers in successfully detecting massasaugas in occupied habitat in southern Michigan, USA. We conducted 54 surveys (paired, independent searchers) in 2‐ha areas occupied by telemetered massasaugas. Our detection process parameters included environmental conditions (air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, surface temperature, precipitation) and searcher characteristics (e.g., experience, time spent searching). We detected massasaugas on 11 of 54 surveys. Detection probability from the null model was 0.31; however, we found that time spent searching and minimum air temperature improved detection probability. Detection probability approached 1.00 as time searched by an individual exceeded 90 minutes and approached 0.80 on cooler mornings (12.8° C). Our findings provide survey protocol guidance to increase massasauga detections during visual encounter surveys, which offer useful information to help guide habitat management decisions. © 2019 The Wildlife Society. Conservation of the eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus), a federally threatened species, calls for the ability to effectively locate this species in its habitat and for managers to improve effectiveness of survey methods. We developed visual‐encounter surveys to identify environmental conditions and searcher characteristics influencing detection of this cryptic species and found that time spent searching and minimum air temperature had the greatest effect on detection probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study on the impact of geologic forces, human activities and climatic changes on the carbon cycle and how the cycles, in turn influence climate change. It discusses the role of tectonic forces and rivers in planetary cycle by focusing on the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers that exports dirt materials to the oceans affecting Earth's climate. It is also mentioned that the rise in carbon dioxide level leads to rise in atmospheric temperature.

Focuses on the factors that contribute to the formation of hurricanes. Level of ocean temperature level that are conducive to the formation of hurricanes; Role of atmospheric temperature in hurricane formation; Effect of earth rotation on atmospheric pressure. INSET: Rating a Hurricane's Intensity.

The article focuses on the research by tree physiologist Molly Cavaleri on affects on rain forests due to climate change with reference to her work in El Yunque National Forest of Puerto Rico. Topics discussed include exceeding temperature for photosynthesis of the leaves in canopy indicating concern for carbon dioxide uptake in tropical forest, role of forests in controlling greenhouse gases and sensitiveness of forest to warming and leading physiological changes in them caused by warming.

The article focuses on the North Atlantic region that perform heating and pipelining activities which regulates the temperature of Earth. The Equatorial region's hot and salty water flows into the North Atlantic. During winters this heat is released in the air which results in milder winter in North America and northern Europe. The Arctic region, a region of fresh water, includes Hudson Strait, which releases salt when water freezes. The salt sinks to the bottom leaving fresh water at the top. Scientists are desperate to study this mechanism and find other details of these freshwater which acts the gateways to the North Atlantic. It is suggested by the reports that climatic changes are happening in these region but due to inaccessibility of the region scientists are finding it very difficult to reach to any results. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has launched several projects to study the conditions prevalent in the region. Mooring is deployed in Hudson Strait to perform various research works.