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The Indian Treasure Trove Act of 1878 is understood as a landmark legislative victory in the preservation of South Asian material pasts. This paper presents a detailed archival history recounting how archaeologists themselves were crucial to the promulgation of the Act and the authors of its specific provisions. It demonstrates how arguments for the reform of royal prerogative into an instrument for the discipline were born in mid-nineteenth-century British debates, where archaeologists' attempts for a similar statutory change in property laws had been frustrated. Centuries-long tensions in common law definitions and their governance of treasure are demonstrated to be crucial to how we may better understand the new 'policy' of the colonial law and its operation. To do so, the paper reviews select cases and presents an evaluation of the archaeological justice of the rule of this law. It asks why our critical historiography has remained insensible to the victims of this law — archaeology's counter-publics — who have been routinely incarcerated and punished in the name of the greater archaeological common good. Through these examinations, the paper reflects upon the enduring sensibilities and commitments that are involved in continuing to take treasures from others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.K. policy of "Prevent" aims to stop people becoming involved in, or supporting, terrorism. In common with many CVE policies worldwide. Prevent has remained controversial in its conception, delivery, and impact. A formal review is now underway, so it is opportune to ask, "Whither Prevent?" This paper will examine briefly the justifications for Prevent, but the main thesis is that the juridification of Prevent is a beneficial trend in the U.K. Juridification is depicted as: the legislative production of ever more extensive and elaborate instruments; the expansion of judicial oversight; and the administrative (bureaucratic) application of soft law-standards. Juridification is here invoked in order to enhance the legitimacy of the policy of Prevent through explicit improvements in its modes of operation and through offering modes of challenge where the principles of constitutionalism are contravened. If Prevent can be improved in these ways, then its application can be refined to address more effectively and efficiently the threat of terrorist attacks, especially given that the originators or observers of these threats are invited under the Prevent policy to cooperate by consent in the enterprise of counter terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the potential for folklore to enrich studies of, and participation in, public archaeology. Referring to the varied approaches to public archaeology in the United Kingdom, and focusing on sites and landscapes, it will lay out the current status of folklore in five key areas of public archaeology: the history of archaeology, multivocality, historical consciousness, the archaeological imagination/representation, and heritage management. This paper will explore how key thoughts and approaches in folkloristics might not only contribute to these areas, but can radically enhance how we look at public archaeology historically, dialogically, and interpretively. Alongside this, those countries with well-developed folkloristic and ethnological research departments might consider ways of expanding their approaches to public archaeology, and engage in cross-disciplinary research investigating the complex and multi-faceted relationships with and representations of the past in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors reflect on the relationship between archaeology and economic development in Great Britain. Topics discussed include the centenary commemoration of World War I, the installation of Paul Cummins and Tom Piper's "Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red" at the Tower of London and the decision of the British government to divide its heritage protection body English Heritage into two bodies.

Cultural resource management is often seen as a matter of identifying and valuing historic buildings, monuments and landscapes, and protecting their special interest through a suite of suitable heritage legislation and policy. However, unexpected damage and loss of heritage assets occur with regularity despite clear identification of their importance and the existence of suitable heritage legislation. While this problem is frequently seen as exceptional, this paper argues that it is not helpful to see these cases as such. Instead, it is argued that such cases highlight the social context within which cultural resource management takes places and, in particular, the rhetoric that is employed within the context of competing discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological projects on the Western Front have been ongoing for over a decade. As teams from Britain, France and Belgium investigate the remains of the world's first industrialized war there has emerged the question, what does archaeology tell us about the conflict? How does the discipline enrich or inform the memory of the war on the Western Front? These questions take on a special importance when one considers the prominent place the battlefields can hold in former combatant countries. The memory of the conflict within these societies is still felt today, it still has power and the capacity to evoke deep emotion. This paper explores these issues regarding archaeology's relevance in relation to the popular memory of the battlefields in Britain; it considers the ways in which archaeology impacts upon popular culture, and how archaeology responds to its audience. Placing archaeology in context with historical and literary means of assessing the war can provide a new insight into the contested terrain archaeology steps into as excavations on the former battlefields continue. Understanding how an 'archaeology of popular myths' exposes the network of concerns and agents that shapes public knowledge is central in the consideration of the archaeology of the Western Front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeologists have yet to fully appreciate the complex interactions between archaeological practice and contemporary responses towards death and commemoration in the UK. The paper reflects upon the experience of working with the local community during archaeological fieldwork in and around an English country churchyard at Stokenham in the South Hams district of Devon in southwest England during 2005 and 2006. Using this case study, it is argued that the current theories and parameters of both mortuary archaeology and public archaeology fail to adequately engage with the diverse community perceptions and concerns over mortality and commemoration. At Stokenham, the archaeological research and student-training programme engaged local people in the discovery of their past but (more importantly for the local community) also helped to secure an acceptable commemorative future. It is argued that this provides a case study of how archaeological practice can interact with community attitudes to death and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theorizing the past is not restricted to archaeology, and interpretations of 'past' both influence and are themselves constituted within politicized understandings of self, community and, in certain instances, spirituality. 'The past in the imagination of the present' is appropriated, variously, to give meaning to the present or to justify actions and interpret experiences. Summer solstice at Stonehenge, with an estimated 21,000 celebrants in 2005, is only the most publicized appropriation (by pagans and other adherents of alternative spirituality and partying) of a 'sacred site'; and conflicts and negotiations occurring throughout Britain are represented in popular and academic presentations of this 'icon of Britishness'. This paper presents work from the Sacred Sites, Contested Rites/Rights Project (http://www.sacredsites.org.uk) project, a collaboration of archaeology and anthropology informed by pagan and alternative approaches and standpoints, investigating and theorizing discourse and practice of heritage management and pagan site-users. Whether in negotiations around the Stonehenge solstice access, or in dealing with numerous other sites, boundaries between groups or discourses are not clearly drawn -- discursive communities merge and re-emerge. But clearly 'past' and 'site' are increasingly important within today's Britain, even as television archaeology increases its following, and pagan numbers continue to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the goals of Jewish and Christian sponsored orphanages in late nineteenth and early twentieth century England and identifies ways that religious institutions served the needy, constructed their self-identify, and that of their 'inmates'. Christian charities, especially evangelical institutions such as Barnardo's and the National Children's Homes (NCH), focused not only on the rescue of children, but their salvation. Policy at Norwood, the Jewish orphanage, reflected a combination of Jewish charitable tradition, alongside a self- consciousness about reputation and anxiety over anti-Semitism, and anti-alienism. In response, Norwood developed an extensive programme designed to raise respectable, anglicised Jews who would remain members of Britain's Jewish community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Angus Growers Ltd. v. Scottish Ministers case, wherein Angus appealed under the Common Agricultural Policy Non-International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Support Schemes Regulations that the Great Britain Rural Payments Agency (RPA) misapplied Article (Art.) 25(b) for withdrawing Angus as producer organization (PO). The court examines the rule and found no substantial breach under Art. 25. The court allows to withdraw Angus as PO by January 1, 2008.

The article discusses a court case wherein the claimant, Public Interest Lawyers (PIL), challenged the decision of the defendant, Legal Services Commission (LSC), in relation to its award of contracts for the supply of legal services in Great Britain. PIL argued that the LSC violated the equality standard since it failed to verify the standards of the firms. The High Court ruled that LSC had not breached its duty since it performed an extensive consultation exercise in conducting the tender.

The article discusses a court case wherein claimant Arlene Carswell sought to recover shortfall on costs after she paid insufficiently for the costs she obtained from the Motor Insurers' Bureau (MIB) in Great Britain. The claimant, whose husband was a victim of hit-and-run, brought proceedings to recover damages from the Secretary of State. The High Court dismissed Carswell's claims due to the lack of substance to her complaints relating to the manner in which the MIB handled her claim.

The article discusses the application for judicial review of Petsafe Ltd. regarding its desire to quash the regulation which entails the prohibition of administering an electric shock on cats and dogs of any electronic collar designed in Great Britain. It notes that Petsafe contended the effectiveness of the regulations and the ban in protecting the welfare of animals. The company contested further that the ban on electronic collar production may hamper the free flow of goods.

The article discusses the application for interim injunction of Alstom Transport ("Alstom") on its allegation against Eurostar International Ltd. ("Eurostar") concerning the breaching of Eurostar with the Utilities Contracts Regulations 2006 ("the 2006 Regulations") in Great Britain. It notes that the approval of the application would depend on the policy of the legislation, and on the balance of convenience. The court's decision to refuse the application is based on the public interest.

The article discusses the applications for judicial review regarding Immigration Service's decision to detain Mr. Emen Benjamin Bassey ("Bassey") due to his illegal entry to Great Britain. It notes that Bassey contested the decision, claiming his right to enter the country as a family member of the European Economic Area (EEA) national. He further contended that the Immigration Service with its Chief Immigration Officer have failed to consider him as an illegal entrant in a rational manner.

The article discusses the appeal of the legal firm Azam & Co. regarding High Court's decision on the firm's claim concerning the breaching of the Legal Services Commission of its duties on the immigration work in Great Britain. It notes that Azam has appealed in the ground that the Commission did not notify the firm of its deadline for the submission of tender for immigration contracts. The appeal also entails the Commission's refusal to allow the extension for the submission.

The article discusses a court case in Great Britain wherein the plaintiff, the Office of Fair Trading (OFT), alleged the assessment of fairness of charges imposed by Abbey National PLC. to its customer's bank account. The eight defendant banks, collectively Abbey, appealed against the decision of the Court of Appeals in 2009 in relation to the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulation 1999. It focuses on the bank and customer bargaining contracts.

The article discusses the court case Vodafone Group PLC v. Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue & Customs in Great Britain. A decision of the High Court which held that the legislation on control of foreign companies (CFCs) had to be applied because it breached Community law was argued by the Commissioners. The Commissioners claimed entitlement under the CFC legislation to evaluate Vodafone's tax liability based on the income of its subsidiary Vodafone Investment Luxembourg (VIL).

The article discusses the court case Speciality Produce Ltd. v. Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in Great Britain. A letter was sent by Speciality to the Rural Payments Agency (RPA) indicating that it would reinstate a central sales order processing desk. The Secretary of State contended that the application of Speciality for re-recognition as a producer organization (PO) was an abuse of law and contrary to Article 4(3) of Council Regulation No. 29988/95.

The article discusses a court case wherein Floe Telecom Ltd., the respondent, complained to Office of Communications (Ofcom) regarding the move of Vodafone Group PLC, a mobile telephone network operator, in suspending the use of its Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) in Great Britain. It is said that the action of Vodafone resulted in the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT) breach by abusing a position contrary to both the EC Treaty. It is stated that the CAT dismissed Floe's appeal.

The article presents a court case of Test Claimants in the FII Group Litigation v. Commissioners for HM Revenue & Custom in Great Britain. It mentions that claimants are groups of companies with both residents and non-resident subsidiaries within European Union (EU) and in the third countries. It notes that European Court of Justice (ECJ) was required to determine number of preliminary questions of law about the Franked Investment Income (FII) Group Litigation against the defendant.

The article discusses a court case between Cukurova Finance International Ltd. and Cukurova Holding AS versus Alfa Telecom Turkey Ltd. on Financial Collateral Arrangements Regulations 2003 in Great Britain. The British Virgin Islands court's decision appeared that the plaintiff's complaints were not appropriated to the validity of mortgage regulations based on ultra vires Council Directive 2002/47/EC provisions. It states that the case has been passed to the judicial review.

The article discusses a court case between KG and AK, two failed asylum seekers from Sri Lanka, and the British Secretary of State for the Home Department over European Economic Area immigration regulations that were enacted by Great Britain in 2006. The Court of Justice of the European Communities dismissed the case because the plaintiffs failed to appeal to the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal. It states that the plaintiffs were hoping for Council Directive rights that they would exercise as members of the Union.

The article discusses the impact of a Creative Writing Doctorate on higher education. One reason for the emergence of the PhD in Creative Writing in Great Britain was the popularity of Master of Arts degree programmes. In the U.S., the PhD in Creative Writing seems to have emerged because some members of Faculties of Arts and Humanities of Liberal Arts, who were not necessarily creative writers, believed that the idea of a Creative Writing Doctorate, pushed for a particular kind of higher learning.

Focuses on the life and work of British scientist Michael Faraday. Faraday's apprenticeship in a bookbinder's shop; Family background; Religious life; Scientific interests; Events leading to Faraday's discovery of the electric motor; Other electromagnetic advances attributed to Faraday.

Evaluates a project aimed at testing the usefulness of postcoded data in accident research in Great Britain. Objective of the project; Incidence of home accidents in the country; Structure of postcodes; Classification of households social class.