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This article traces the legacies and variances of 'community based policing' in Timor-Leste, and inquires about historical trajectories and cross-cultural sociopolitical influences which forged and determined the idea of policing in Timor-Leste. By drawing on diffusion theory, the article investigates the changing interpretations and transformations of 'community based policing' from the Imperial Japanese koban policing, to its Indonesian babinsa- and bimpoldavariant through to the current Timorese ofisial polısia suku approach. It delivers a historically based explanation for the difficulties and challenges of implementing an approach to 'community based policing' in Timor-Leste during UNTAET and following missions of the United Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a new solution to the famous Gion shrine geometry problem from eighteenth-century Japan. Like the classical Japanese solution, ours is given in the form of a degree-ten equation. However, our polynomial has the advantage of being much easier to write down. We also provide some additional analysis, including a discussion of existence and uniqueness. Finally, we prove that the Gion shrine problem has no rational solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shortly before and during the Second World War, Japanese doctors and medical researchers conducted large-scale human experiments in occupied China that were at least as gruesome as those conducted by Nazi doctors. Japan never officially acknowledged the occurrence of the experiments, never tried any of the perpetrators, and never provided compensation to the victims or issued an apology. Building on work by Jing-Bao Nie, this article argues that the U.S. government is heavily complicit in this grave injustice, and should respond in an appropriate way in order to reduce this complicity, as well as to avoid complicity in future unethical medical experiments. It also calls on other U.S. institutions, in particular the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, to urge the government to respond, or to at least inform the public and initiate a debate about this dark page of American and Japanese history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea is negatively affecting the economies and security of South Korea and Japan, with strategic implications for Asia and the United States. South Koreans passionately protest when Japanese politicians make insensitive remarks about history or claim the Korean-controlled island of Dokdo as Takeshima. However, anti-Japanese sentiment is inhibiting cooperation with Tokyo that is clearly in South Korea's interests, including a recently scuppered intelligence-sharing agreement. Seoul needs Tokyo's help with North Korea, whether for conflict contingencies or for moving toward or realizing peaceful unification. Problems in Seoul--Tokyo relations concern Washington in the area of loss of security-enhancing, cost-saving trilateral coordination. Korean and Japanese shared values for human rights, economic freedom, democracy, and the rule of law can support further economic and functional cooperation. South Korea's interests would be served by showing leadership in resuming regular diplomacy in Northeast Asia and by emphasizing strategic cooperation rather than historical animosities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem. Prevention of injuries to child passengers is a significant public health priority, as motor vehicle-related injuries remain a leading cause of death for children in Japan. The purpose of compulsory child restraint seats legislation in April 2000 was to reduce the number of child passengers killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes. Methods. The objectives of this preliminary evaluation are to measure the effectiveness, benefits and usage of safety seats for child passengers aged 1-5 years by analysing the child casualty data for the period of 1997-2002. Population and vehicle miles travelled based injury and fatality rates were used to compare before and after legislation trends in child casualties. Results. Despite overall increases in the use of child restraint seats (as observed by different national surveys), overall casualty rates in motor vehicle occupants in the 1-5 year age group did not change (fatalities and serious injuries) or even increased (minor injuries). Conclusions. Casualties among restrained children have not decreased since the law came to effect in the year 2000, perhaps because of incorrect usage of the seats. Given that exposure to crash environments is increasing, traffic safety advocates and public health community need to be aware of the importance of child restraints as a means of reducing the likelihood of injury. It is necessary to implement effective community-based child safety seat campaigns to disseminate the information on appropriate restraint use and to increase efforts to enforce the existing legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]