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The article presents a case concerning the legality and provisions of school construction in London, England. It outlines the claim of Gillian Chandler, a parent who asked permission to apply for a judicial review on the decision of the London Borough of Camden (Camden) in deciding what kind of school to be build, and the approval of the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families to the interest of the University of College London (UCL) to build an academy. It cites the proposal of Camden to build a new school and relates its discussion with UCL to sponsor an academy. It notes the argument of Chandler regarding the need of the Secretary of State to comply with the European Union (EU) or domestic procurement regime along with the Public Contracts Regulations 2006.

The article discusses a court case on the appeal filed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs against a decision of the Administrative Court on the breach of the EC law principle of equality concerning the Cattle Compensation Order in England. It is noted that the respondent was Partridge Farms Ltd. It is stressed that Order was an integral part of bovine tuberculosis control measures in England.

The article discusses the court case JB Leadbitter & Co. Ltd. (Leadbitter) v. Devon County Council (Devon CC) in Devon County, England. Leadbitter claimed that its tender to involve in a framework agreement was incorrectly excluded from the procurement process undertaken by Devon CC. Leadbitter contended the potential of Devon CC to have breached its duty under the Directive to act proportionally in relation to the tender.

'Welcome to Tintagel, the birthplace of King Arthur' is a phrase often repeated at this small village on the north coast of Cornwall where legend, childhood stories and merchandise all serve to attract thousands of visitors per year. As 'a place to go', the area provides stunning coastal scenery, a romantic ruined castle and a highly commercialised village. Tintagel Island, owned by the Duchy of Cornwall but managed by English Heritage, plays centre stage as the 'birthplace' in question. On-site, the character of Arthur is largely debunked as a literary phenomenon and, furthermore, a survey of day-trippers revealed that visitors were left in an interpretive limbo -- arriving with ideas of Arthur and leaving knowing little about Tintagel. Whilst the aesthetics of the castle and scenery go some way towards mitigating against disappointment, on site encounters with kitsch representations of the past combine with more amorphous senses of pseudo-spiritual atmospheres as well as experiences of walking, eating and drinking to ultimately provide a 'grand day out'. The marketing ephemera and heritage presentation all serve to create, reinforce and suppress different identities of place which are revealed as being a fairly cohesive package of Celtic-Arthuriana. This paper questions the ways in which visitors' expectation and imagination are mediated through experience of place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a court case involving J. Varney & Sons Waste Management Ltd. that claimed damages against Hertfordshire County Council, England for breach of obligations regarding Public Contracts Regulations 2006. Varney presented claims including breach of transparency obligations and non-discrimination, saying that the Council failed to disclose facts on return schedules and accepted low tenders. The court held that there was no breach of obligations on return schedules and tenders.

In 2003, the Hadrian's Wall National Trail was opened, providing a 135 km (84 mile) public footpath along the length of the Roman frontier from Wallsend to Bowness-on-Solway. Each year, thousands of visitors walk the Trail from end-to-end and many more make day trips to visit specific locations within the wider World Heritage Site. In the second of two related papers (see Witcher, 2010), consideration turns from professional and popular visual representations of Hadrian's Wall to the ways in which visitors physically experience the monument and its landscape. The paper explores how embodied and sensory encounters produce and reproduce understandings which are charged with cultural and political meaning. Specifically, the elision of visitors and Roman soldiers through a process of embodied empathy/sympathy is outlined. It is argued that the way in which Western society assumes familiarity with an ancestral Roman Empire actively reduces the interrogative potential of encounters with the monument and limits visitors' ability to reflect on the significance of the Wall. The paper goes on to consider alternative modes of visual and physical engagement, drawing inspiration from virtual communities including geocachers who have used Information Technology such as Global Positioning Systems and Web 2.0 functionality to develop innovative modes of representation and encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on the highlights of the conference titled Emerging Landscapes: Between Production and Representation, organized by the University of Westminster in London, England from June 25-27, 2010 is presented. The conference focuses on the critical reassessment of the contemporary English landscape. The keynote speakers include Christophe Girot of GHT Zurich, Jonathan Hill of the University College London, and Stephen Daniels of the University of Nottingham.

The article discusses a court case wherein the claimant, Sinclair Collis Ltd., requested for judicial review of the Health Act 2009 and the Protection from Tobacco Regulations 2010 since it would ban the sale of tobacco from vending machines in England. Sinclair argued that the provisions would be an unlawful restriction on the free movement of goods. The High Court held that the ban was not in error since it is for the public's health and it was within the legislature's margin of discretion.

The article discusses a court case wherein the plaintiffs appealed against a decision to ban the sale of tobacco from automatic vending machines in England. Sinclair Collis Ltd. and the National Association of Cigarette Machine Operators (NACMO) appealed against the legislation that would give the State Secretary the power to make regulations stopping the sale of tobacco from vending machines. Both Sinclair and NACMO challenged the legislation on the grounds that it violated their rights.

The article discusses a court case wherein the plaintiff appealed against the dismissal of its claim against the defendant for damages under reg. 47(6) of the Public Contracts Regulations 2006. J Varney & Sons Waste Management Ltd. appealed dismassal of damages claims against the Hertfordshire County Council in England. J Varney then submitted that the subject matters of the return schedules were criteria for the award of a public contract.

The article discusses a court case concerning the judicial review applied by Midlands Co-operative (Co-op) Society on the decision of Birmingham, England City Council to sell its interest in a plot of land to Tesco Stores Ltd. It says that the Co-op complained that the public procurement requirements of Council Directive 2004/18/EC ("the Directive") was triggered by the scheme. Moreover, the permission to proceed the application was refused on papers by Judge Robert Owen on April 26, 2011.

The term 'heritage crime' has been recently brought into the spotlight by English Heritage - the organization tasked with protecting England's heritage assets - and is attracting an increasing amount of attention from individuals and organizations from a range of disciplines. Heritage crime includes recognized crime types (such as arson, criminal damage, theft, and graffiti) but arguably has a greater impact on the country's legacy for future generations because of the types of sites affected. This paper presents an initial examination of our understanding of heritage crime, and limitations to that knowledge. The paper contributes an initial typology to facilitate future interdisciplinary discussions of the problems facing heritage assets, and presents a possible route for expanding our ability to tackle this problem. Whilst this is an initial foray into the world of heritage crime, it is hoped that this paper will act as a stimulus for further discussion and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artefacts deriving from mortuary contexts form a unique group among the vast numbers of unstratified portable antiquities found every year in England and Wales. Such finds, usually discovered by hobbyist metal detectorists, have great potential to tell us about the character, state, and preservation of the mortuary environments from which they derive. Yet, unlike the situation regarding the discovery of human remains, the reporting of unstratified grave goods is not compulsory. This presents a strange paradox in view of contemporary theory in mortuary archaeology and practice in indigenous heritage overseas, where funerary objects are usually regarded as a fundamental aspect of the archaeological deceased, if not an inalienable part of it. At present, grave goods — whether found on the body or dislodged from it — are normally the property of the landowner and as such can be lawfully privately owned or traded on the antiquities market. This paper outlines the current ethical and legal status of unstratified grave goods sourced from England and Wales, and explores current trends in their discovery and subsequent sale on the antiquities market. Throughout the paper, consideration is given to the question as to whether mortuary-derived antiquities should be given some form of enhanced legal or ethical status; however, the discussion reveals a range of complexities that present significant challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation in archaeological research is interpreted in various ways in different European states. Even though public participation is promoted by international organizations (e.g. UNESCO and Council of Europe) and the academic community, the extent to which the practitioners can implement these ideas is a matter of what is allowed (or encouraged) by cultural heritage legislation in every country, and of archaeologists' attitudes towards public engagement. This paper considers the English and Italian systems, and in particular the consequences that legislation has on fostering or forbidding public participation, especially in relation to archaeological field research. It will start with a brief comparison of the relationship between the state, archaeological management, and public participation in both countries, then it will examine the legislation regulating archaeological research in England and Italy, to compare the strengths and weaknesses of both systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeologists in the UK work in a variety of structures, but all archaeology is for the benefit of the public. Since 1990 the majority of archaeological work has been undertaken as part of the planning process. A complex system has evolved which attempts to deliver wider public benefit. There are differences between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, but the underlying principles are broadly the same across the UK. In 2020 radical changes were proposed to the planning system in England which could potentially impact on both the archaeological profession and the public benefits it generates. This paper outlines the evolution and operation of the current UK system with particular reference to England, and highlights some changes that the new proposals could make to the status quo. Some structural issues are highlighted which will need to be overcome for archaeologists to improve things for themselves and for the society they serve in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 1980s, a potentially significant site with links to the city's medieval Jews was discovered in Bristol. The site has 'Scheduled Monument' status, granted by Historic England, and has been described as a ritual bath, ranging from mikveh to bet tohorah. This paper takes an interdisciplinary approach, discussing the complexities of interpreting the monument, its authenticity, and significance to the memory of local medieval Jewish history. This paper highlights utilises the historical narrative of the site and the roles of multiple stakeholders to frame wider considerations of prominent issues concerning identity, authority and ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a review essay on a new publication concerning Anglo-Jewish history: Lauren Fogle, The King's Converts: Jewish Conversion in Medieval London. After addressing the contents of the aforementioned monograph, I concentrate on new aspects of research on Jewish medieval conversion to Christianity. The second part of the essay is dedicated to some methodological concerns. The essay closes with a discussion on the necessity of integrating the perspective of Jewish sources when writing about Jews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]