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Many older adults do not engage in age-based prevention despite evidence to support reduced health risks and enhanced successful aging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-perceived aging (SPA) differed among older adults by age (young-old vs. old-old), participation in healthy lifestyle behaviors, screening, vaccinations, and self-rated health. Community-dwelling older adults (n=204) completed questionnaires reporting their SPA, self-rated health, and participation in recommended preventive healthy lifestyle behaviors, screening, and vaccinations. Our findings indicated that adults who were older and engaged in more preventive health behaviors, yet had lower self-rated health, tended to have better SPA. Prevention was greater in older adults who scored higher on aging well and aging successfully. Old-old (75 years or older) participants scored higher on aging successfully than those who were younger. Self-rated health was inversely related to SPA scores. Reporting poor or fair health did not diminish positive SPA in this sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for children with Down syndrome (DS) include assessment for celiac disease (CD), although data to support this recommendation have been inconsistent. We determined the incidence of CD among children with DS in a population-based birth cohort of children born from 1976 to 2000 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Individuals with karyotype-confirmed DS and CD (using diagnosis codes, positive serology, and duodenal biopsies) were identified. The incidence of CD in DS was compared with the published incidence of CD for Olmsted County residents (17.4 [95% confidence interval = 15.2-19.6] per 100 000 person-years). Among 45 individuals with DS from the birth cohort, 3 (6.7%) were identified with positive celiac serology and confirmatory biopsies at ages 9, 12, and 23 years, for an incidence of 325 per 100 000 person-years. Thus, individuals with DS have more than 18 times the incidence rate of CD compared with the general population, supporting the AAP guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrospective studies using adult self-report data have demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk of violence perpetration and victimization. However, research examining the associations between adolescent reports of ACE and school violence involvement is sparse. The present study examines the relationship between adolescent reported ACE and multiple types of on-campus violence (bringing a weapon to campus, being threatened with a weapon, bullying, fighting, vandalism) for boys and girls as well as the risk of membership in victim, perpetrator, and victim–perpetrator groups. The analytic sample was comprised of ninth graders who participated in the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey (n ~ 37,000). Multinomial logistic regression models calculated the risk of membership for victim only, perpetrator only, and victim–perpetrator subgroups, relative to no violence involvement, for students with ACE as compared with those with no ACE. Separate logistic regression models assessed the association between cumulative ACE and school-based violence, adjusting for age, ethnicity, family structure, poverty status, internalizing symptoms, and school district size. Nearly 30% of students were exposed to at least one ACE. Students with ACE represent 19% of no violence, 38% of victim only, 40% of perpetrator only, and 63% of victim–perpetrator groups. There was a strong, graded relationship between ACE and the probability of school-based victimization: physical bullying for boys but not girls, being threatened with a weapon, and theft or property destruction (p s <.001) and perpetration: bullying and bringing a weapon to campus (p s <.001), with boys especially vulnerable to the negative effects of cumulative ACE. We recommend that schools systematically screen for ACE, particularly among younger adolescents involved in victimization and perpetration, and develop the infrastructure to increase access to trauma-informed intervention services. Future research priorities and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research indicates there are age differences in subjective well-being during adulthood, but research on age differences in savoring (up-regulating positive emotion) is lacking. Using an online survey (N = 218, adults 18-77), this study investigated age differences in subjective well-being and savoring, and whether future time perspective (perceived amount of time left to live) mediated associations between age and savoring. Results indicated a nonlinear effect of age on subjective well-being. Although savoring was associated with subjective well-being, age was not directly associated with savoring. However, an indirect effect of future time perspective linking age and savoring indicated that younger adults reported more perceived time left in life and those perceiving more time left in life reported greater savoring. Overall, the results do not support savoring as a direct explanatory mechanism for age differences in subjective well-being, but future time perspective appears to play an important role in indirect associations between age and savoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that salivary gland tumors are rare in the young population. A clinical diagnosis has to be made very carefully because the proportion of malignancies is higher in children than in adults. We present a review of cases of malignant salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) in patients younger than 30 years of age. Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 Registry. A total of 763 patients younger than 30 years with carcinoma of a major salivary gland from 1973 to 2004 were identified within the SEER database. The most common salivary gland cancer was mucoepidermoid parotid gland carcinoma. The incidence of all major salivary gland carcinomas increased with increasing patient age. The 5-year relative survival rate for salivary gland carcinomas in our population was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis in each age group. Relative 5-year survival was 100% in the 1 patient younger than 1 year, 50.0% in the 1-to 4-year-old group; 87.2% among the 5- to 9-year-olds; 97.0% among the 10- to 14-year-olds; 95.0% among the 15- to 19-year- olds; 95.1 % among the 20- to 24-year-olds; and 93.6% in the 25- to 29-year-old group. We found that SGC affects patients of all ages, even children in the first year of life. It is essential for physicians to detect salivary gland neoplasms promptly and to evaluate them thoroughly when they are found in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community health promotion efforts involve communicating resource information to priority populations. Which communication strategies are most effective is largely unknown for specific populations. A random dialed representative phone survey was conducted assessing current health resource community awareness, health resource utilization, and communication strategy preferences. The survey revealed that community members preferred to receive information on health resources from the Internet (28.3%), newspaper (26.4%), or mail (22.3%). Different priority populations had varying health communication strategy preferences (e.g., young adults prefer Internet, older adults prefer newspaper, and obese adults prefer mail). Ideally, if health resources are intended for adult audiences, a campaign that would include communication through newspaper (targeting older adults), mailing (targeting obese adults), and Web sites (targeting younger adults) would be the most effective approach. This research suggests that an assessment of communication strategy preferences of the priority population might be a crucial first step when developing health promotion programs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives. Older adults are considered more vulnerable to foodborne illness due to lowered immune function. We compared the food safety perceptions and practices of older and younger adults and determined associations with demographic characteristics. Methods. We focused on 1,317 participants &60 years of age from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's 2006 Food Safety Survey, a telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of American consumers. We used data on participants <60 years of age to compare younger and older adults, and used Pearson's Chi-square tests to determine whether perceptions and practices differed by age, gender, level of education, living arrangement, and race/ethnicity. We conducted multiple logistic regression analysis to assess relationships of demographic characteristics and food safety perceptions with food safety practices of older adults. Results. We found that adults s60 years of age were more likely to follow recommended food safety practices than those <60 years of age. Sixty-six percent of adults s60 years of age reported eating potentially hazardous foods in the past year compared with 81% of adults <60 years of age. Among people >60 years of age, women, those with less education, and nonwhite individuals generally had better food safety practices and a greater awareness of food safety risk. Conclusions. These findings suggest that certain subsets of the older adult population are less likely to follow recommended food safety practices and, thus,.are at greater risk of foodborne illness. Food safety education for older adults should target men and those with more education and higher incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the differential benefits of instructional materials for younger and older adults learning to use a home medical device. Participants received training on use of a blood glucose meter via either a user manual (a text guide with pictures) or an instructional video. Performance was measured immediately and then after a 2-week retention interval. Type of instruction was critical for determining older adults' performance. Older adults trained using the manual had poorer performance than did all other groups. After only 1 calibration, older adults who received video training performed as accurately as did the younger adults. Older adults' performance was more influenced by the retention interval; however, the benefit of the video training was maintained for the older adults across the retention interval. Confidence ratings paralleled subjective workload ratings. The data provide practical information to guide the development of training programs for systems that will be used by both younger and older adults; they also demonstrate the need for age-related usability testing even for training program design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Representing approximately 10% of all meniscal tears, bucket-handle meniscal tears (BHMTs) are large longitudinal vertical tears that have an attached fragment flipped into the intercondylar notch. Meniscectomy often results in significant meniscal loss and increased joint loading. Alternatively, meniscal repair attempts to restore the function of the meniscus and aims to preserve joint mechanics. Purpose: To evaluate the long-term risk of subsequent ipsilateral knee surgery in patients who underwent a bucket-handle meniscal repair (BHMR), and to assess risk factors associated with subsequent knee surgical intervention. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed an electronic health record search for all patients aged 12 to 65 years who underwent arthroscopic knee meniscal repairs for BHMT (2011-2018). We excluded patients who had a previous BHMR, did not have magnetic resonance imaging of the knee within 60 days before BHMR, lacked active membership in Kaiser insurance in the year before and after BHMR, or underwent meniscectomy before BHMR. All patients were followed until December 31, 2019, with censoring at death or membership disenrollment. Primary outcomes included ipsilateral knee procedures overall and by type (ie, repeat meniscal repair and meniscectomy); secondary outcomes included other surgical interventions of the same knee, any contralateral knee surgery, deep surgical-site infection, and deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Results: The final cohort included 1359 patients with a median age of 24 years (interquartile range [IQR], 17-34) who underwent BHMR for a BHMT. During the follow-up period (median, 50.2 months [IQR, 32.3-60.6]), 495 subsequent ipsilateral procedures were performed in 274 (20.2%) patients, and the median time to the first procedure was 10.6 months (IQR, 4.1-23.5). An overall 59 (4.3%) patients underwent repeat meniscal repair, and 165 (12.1%) had a subsequent meniscectomy of the same knee. Significant risk factors for subsequent ipsilateral procedures included younger age, 12 to 18 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.77 [95% CI, 1.84-18.08]) and 19 to 30 years (aOR, 3.65 [95% CI, 1.17-11.36]), as well as normal and overweight body mass index (aOR, 2.84 [95% CI, 1.29-6.23] and 2.34 [95% CI, 1.06-5.17], respectively). Patients undergoing concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) at the initial BHMR had a lower risk of undergoing subsequent surgery (aOR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.49-0.87]) than those without concomitant ACLR. Conclusion: This is the largest reported study on outcomes after BHMR in a contained cohort. One-fifth of patients underwent subsequent ipsilateral surgery during follow-up, with 4.3% receiving a repeat meniscal repair and 12.1% experiencing a meniscectomy. Risk factors for subsequent surgery of the same knee included younger age and normal or overweight body mass index. Concomitant ACLR at time of BHMR reduced the risk of subsequent reoperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on theory suggesting that loneliness is distinct from living arrangements, social isolation, and perceived social support, we examined change in loneliness for older people at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing 14-years of data with multilevel mixed-effects models, we found higher levels of loneliness among people living alone, people more socially isolated, and people with less perceived support. Gender affected changes in loneliness, controlling for social isolation, perceived support, living arrangements, age, education, income, health, and marital status. Women, whether living alone or with others, experienced increases in loneliness; women living alone reported the greatest increase in loneliness. Men living alone reported high levels of loneliness prior to the pandemic, but only a slight increase over time. These analyses, which demonstrate that loneliness changed at the onset of the pandemic as a function of gender and living arrangement identify older people most likely to benefit from intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]