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In the 13th century, the Chinese emperor Kublai Khan embarked on a bold experiment. China at the time was divided into different regions, many of which issued their own coins, discouraging trade within the empire. So Kublai Khan decreed that henceforth money would take the form of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the highlights of the 2009 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) which was held at the Guilin Guishan Hotel in China on June 17 to 19, 2009. The conference featured 99 oral and nine poster presentations of 1,233 papers as well as four keynote talks and 11 semiplenary talks. Alan O'Connor from Harvard University was given the CDCC Zhang Si-Ying Outstanding Youth Paper Award for his work entitled "Control of Observation Systems with Application to Radar."

The article discusses the highlights of the 26th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2014 CCDC), held in Changsha, China on May 31-June 2, 2014, with 1016 papers in 98 oral sessions and nine interactive sessions in the technical program. Highlights discussed include keynotes such as "Challenges in Bioinformatics," by Yanda Li of Tsinghua University of China, and lectures like "Electrified and Connected Vehicles: A New Era for Controls," by Jing Sun of University of Michigan.

Venture capital market is one of the most important financial markets, which plays an important role in promoting industrial innovation and economic development. In this study, the complete data set of all venture capital events occurred in China from 2009 to 2020 was used to construct two kinds of complex networks, whose topological property and dynamic evolution trend of the network are studied. Specifically, we construct the co-investment network among investor, as well as the binary complex network of investor-entrepreneur, and propose the evaluation method of the importance and performance of venture capital institutions. Based on the proposed method, we identify some leading venture capital institutions with high performance and importance. Furthermore, this paper enlightens venture capital practitioners by discovering the investment behavior and preference of these leading institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the 23rd Youth Automation Conference of the Chinese Association of Automation that was held in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. 88 papers were accepted for the conference and will be published in the book series "Automation Theory, Technology and Application." These papers focus on the achievements of young Chinese scientists in the field of automation. Discussions were led by well-known Chinese scientists, such as Zhisheng Duan of Peking University.

The article discusses the highlights of the 27th Chinese Control Conference which was held at the Yun An Conference Resort in Kunming, Yunan Province, China. The event was sponsored by the Technical Committee on Control Theory of the Chinese Association of Automation, along with other local institutions. Oral sessions and award ceremonies were held during the event.

The article discusses the highlights of the 26th Chinese Control Conference which was held at the Best Western Premier Zhangjiajie Hotel in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China. Plenary talks were conducted during the event, including one led by J. R. Wu of the University of Science and Technology of China regarding systems biology and complex disease. The 13th Guan Zhao-Zhi Award and the Poster Award were presented during the event.

This paper proposes an analytical method for effectively evaluating the performances of zero-bias diode-based RF power harvesters. The method allows the accurate calculation of both the diode power conversion efficiency (PCE) and matching efficiency, while showing the wide adaptability to frequency and input power. To calculate the diode PCE accurately, the junction voltage is built based on modeling the diode junction capacitance and turn-on voltage. Using the accurate diode PCE, the equivalent nonlinear resistance of the diode is calculated, and thus the diode impedance is obtained. This helps to design a matching network with required bandwidths and evaluate the corresponding matching efficiency. The total PCE of the RF power harvester is finally obtained by multiplying the diode PCE and matching efficiency. For verification, dual-band RF power harvesters based on diodes of SMS7630 and HSMS-2850 are developed to cover the two 5G frequency bands for three telecom operators in China (2.515-2.675, 3.4-3.5 & 3.5-3.6 GHz). They are designed to operate in the low power range of −25-−5 dBm for low power harvesting scenarios. Compared with the simulated results, the calculation discrepancy of less than 3.12% can be achieved in evaluating the total PCEs of the RF power harvesters. Prototypes of the designed RF power harvesters were fabricated and measured for validation. It shows that the proposed analytical method can provide design guidelines for developing a multi-band RF power harvester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the 31st Chinese Control Conference (CCC2012) that was held in Hefei, Anhui Province, China from July 25 to 27, 2012. The conference was attended by 1,200 people, including 42 from outside mainland China. Among the topics discussed in seven plenary speeches were system identification and control and grinding mill modeling and control.

The article discusses the highlights of the 29th Chinese Control Conference (CCC 2010) held at the National Convention Center of China in Beijing from July 28 to 31. The local sponsor of the event was the Beijing Institute of Technology. A total of 2,633 papers were submitted to CCC 2010. The 16th Guan Zhao-Zhi Award was presented to the paper "Controllability of Quasilinear Parabolic Equations and Application" by Xu Liu.

The article discusses the highlights of the 2011 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) which was held in Mianyang, China on May 23 to 25. Organizers of the event include the Northeastern University in China and the Industrial Electronics (IE) Chapter of the IEEE Singapore Section. The CCDC received 1,355 full papers submitted from 28 countries and regions. The technical program of the event included 11 semiplenary talks and five keynote speeches.

The article discusses the highlights of the 22nd Youth Automation Conference of the Chinese Association of Automation which was held in Guilin in Guangxi, China. The event was sponsored by the Chinese Automation Association's Youth Working Committee. Speakers for the event included Zongli Lin of the University of Virginia and Yonghong Tan of Guilin University of Electronic Technology.

The article discusses the highlights of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation which was held at the Baiyun International Convention Center in Guangzhou, China. There were over 400 participants from various countries who attended the event. Speakers for the event include John Baillieul of Boston University and David J. Hill of the Australian National University. A technical session and a plenary panel session were held during the event.

The article discusses the highlights of the 25th Youth Automation Conference (YAC2010) of the Chinese Association of Automation held in Fushun City, China from August 20 to 22, 2010. The opening ceremony was attended by about 100 scholars and graduate students. Among the scientists who were gave plenary talks were Tianyou Chai of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Hong Wang of the University of Manchester in England. Also cited are the papers that won awards at the conference.

This article discusses the highlights of the 2008 Chinese Control and Decision Conference held in Yantai, China from July 2-4, 2008. The conference received a total of 1,705 submissions from 23 countries and regions, including Australia, Canada and China. In addition to technical sessions, the technical program included keynote speeches by Xi-Ren Cao, Tianyou Chai and Graham C. Goodwin.

"SPRING FESTIVAL. New virus. Spreading person to person. This one has everything." That's the whole of an email message that I dashed off to a friend, a fellow China watcher, on 21 January, after reading a BBC story about China's then-tiny COVID-19 epidemic. Something in that story rang alarm bells in my head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held in conjunction with the 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) in Shanghai, China in December 2009. Shanghai Jiao Tong University served as the local sponsor of the events. Details of preparations made for the conferences are also presented.

To achieve plant-wide operational optimization and dynamic adjustment of operational index for an industrial process, knowledge-based methods have been widely employed over the past years. However, the extraction of knowledge base is a bottleneck for most existing approaches. To address this problem, we propose a novel framework based on the generative adversarial networks (GANs), termed as decision-making GAN (DMGAN), which directly learns from operational data and performs human-level decision making of the operational indices for plant-wide operation. In the proposed DMGAN, two adversarial criteria and three cycle consistency criteria are incorporated to encourage efficient posterior inference. To improve the generalization power of a generator with an increasing complexity of the industrial processes, a reinforced U-Net (RU-Net) is presented that improves the traditional U-Net by providing a more general combinator, a building block design, and drop-level regularization. In this article, we also propose three quantitative metrics for assessing the plant-wide operation performance. A case study based on the largest mineral processing factory in Western China is carried out, and the experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed DMGAN when compared with decision-making based on domain experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN AN ACHIEVEMENT that would have startled biomedical researchers merely a year ago, vaccines against COVID-19 were already being tested in humans this past March, less than three months after the initial outbreak was identified in China. Many of those vaccines owed their speedy start to the power of artificial intelligence (AI). • The feat is a promising and remarkable turn in the 200-year-plus history of immunization. The experience may revolutionize the way vaccines are created, potentially saving countless lives in epidemics yet to come. • As of early September, there were 34 vaccine candidates being tested in humans, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Another 145 candidates were being tested in animals or in the lab, says WHO, which keeps a running worldwide list. Those are astonishing numbers, considering that less than a year ago no one had heard of the novel coronavirus, now known as SARS-CoV-2, which causes the respiratory disease COVID-19. It typically takes many years, or even decades, to develop a vaccine; until now, the speed record was held by the mumps vaccine, which went from a collected sample to a marketed product in about four years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The country's first manned science sub goes for global bragging rights – When a team of Chinese engineers set out to build the deepest-diving submersible in the world, they had never laid eyes on a manned deepsea vehicle. "We had only read some reference papers that had pictures; there was no chance for us to see a real manned submersible," says Cui Weicheng, deputy director of the China Ship Scientific Research Center and project manager for the new sub. "We were starting from the very beginning." [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Tong: I attended university in 1980, roughly three years after the end of the Cultural Revolution in China. Although only approximately 4% of high school graduates could pursue higher education in China at that time and my major was automatic control, I was completely unaware of what control was. My first experience with control was a project related to my bachelor's thesis, in which I was asked to develop a program for a single-chip microcomputer for the temperature control of a furnace in a capacitor production line. Although the project was unsuccessful, I realized for the first time that control was helpful in productquality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December, China will attempt the first soft landing of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. No official date has been announced, but at press time, the mission was rumored for launch around 8 December, with a landing to follow late in the month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides information on the economic and social conditions in China. China's population density is 4.5 times that of the U.S., though the two are almost identical in size. The European Union, while much smaller geographically, is almost as densely populated as China. Chengdu, the birthplace of paper currency, is a one-time capital of China that is also one of its oldest cities. In part because of the country's enormous population, China's gross domestic product has become second in the world to that of the U.S. And the region's arable land is only 15 percent of its total land area.

The team behind a pioneering biological experiment sent to the lunar far side recently released an image showing two green leaves grown on the moon. The experiment began shortly after China's Chang'e-4 spacecraft made the first ever landing on the far side of the moon, on 3 January this year. Plants have been grown in low Earth orbit on the International Space Station, but this experiment marked the first time a seed sprouted on the moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on whether China could accelerate its progress in space flight and become the first people to go to Mars. It states that China might succeed in sending teams of astronauts to Mars and other space destinations if it departs from the top-down decision making that prevails. It compares China's space achievements and space program to U.S. and Russia and talks on the space mission Shenzhou 7 in September 2008. Details on the country's technology and future plan are also offered.