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This document provides information about a clinical trial titled "Recruitment Information" with the NCT number NCT06525961. The trial is being conducted in Hong Kong by the University of Hong Kong and ARCTIC VISION HONG KONG BIOTECH LIMITED. The trial aims to investigate the use of an intranasal neurostimulator for the treatment of dry eye disease. The trial is not yet recruiting and is expected to enroll 30 participants. The primary completion date for data collection is August 31, 2025. The trial is open to individuals of all genders aged 18 years and above who meet specific inclusion criteria. The trial does not involve a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product but does involve a U.S. FDA-regulated device product. The contact person for the trial is Allie LEE, Dr., and their contact information is provided. The trial is sponsored by the University of Hong Kong. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a list of pharmaceutical products along with their prescribing information and references, covering treatments for medical conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, eye disease, and agitation associated with Alzheimer's disease.

The latest classification of dry eye disease (DED) recognizes two primary sub-types: aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye (EDE). (1) This framework reflects a pathophysiology-based approach and [...]

It should come as no surprise that dry eye disease (DED) is a pressing global issue. Just look at these statistics for the United States alone: The prevalence of DED [...]

Introduction Preservatives in eye drops serve an important role in reducing the possibility of drop contamination and therefore avoiding introduction of unwanted pathogens such as bacteria to the ocular surface. [...]

As an optometrist at a practice specializing in contact lenses, I treat many patients who have keratoconus. However, keeping them comfortable can be a struggle, particularly when they have comorbid [...]

Purpose: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease defined by fibrovascular conjunctival growth extending onto the cornea. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of CD44, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and E-cadherin in pterygium formation and recurrence. Methods: Sixty patients with pterygium participated in the study, and we collected conjunctival samples from 30 patients to form a control group. CD44, PCNA, and E-cadherin expressions in surgically excised pterygium were compared with tissue samples from the control group. Results: We observed that the percentages of CD44 and PCNA were statistically higher in the primary pterygium group and recurrent pterygium group than in the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, E-cadherin values were statistically higher in the control group than in the primary and recurrent pterygium groups (P = 0.013 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Cell proliferation and cell adhesion factors may play important roles in the pathogenesis of pterygium. Keywords: CD44, E-cadherin, immunohistochemistry, PCNA, pterygium, Author(s): Humeyra Yıldırım (corresponding author) [1]; Gulay Turan [2]; Meydan Turan [3] Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease defined by triangle-shaped fibrovascular conjunctival growth extending onto the cornea.[sup.[1]] In [...]

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of trigeminal parasympathetic pathway (TPP) stimulation in the treatment of dry eye. A comprehensive search for randomized clinical trials was performed in seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, etc.) up to 28 February 2023. After screening the suitable studies, the data were extracted and transformed as necessary. Data synthesis and analysis were performed using Review Manager 5.4, and the risk of bias and quality of evidence were evaluated with the recommended tools. Fourteen studies enrolling 1714 patients with two methods (electrical and chemical) of TPP stimulation were included. Overall findings indicate that TPP stimulation was effective in reducing subjective symptom score (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.63 to -0.28), corneal fluorescence staining (mean difference [MD], -0.78; 95% CI, -1.39 to -0.18), goblet cell area (MD, -32.10; 95% CI, -54.58 to -9.62) and perimeter (MD, -5.90; 95% CI, -10.27 to -1.53), and increasing Schirmers test score (SMD, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.31) and tear film break-up time (SMD, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.95). Compared to inactive or low-activity stimulation controls, it has a higher incidence of adverse events. Therefore, TPP stimulation may be an effective treatment for dry eye, whether electrical or chemical. Adverse events are relatively mild and tolerable. Due to the high heterogeneity and low level of evidence, the current conclusions require to be further verified. Keywords: Dry eye, neuromodulation, neurostimulation, trigeminal parasympathetic pathway, Author(s): Jindong Hu (corresponding author) [1,2]; Mohan Ju [3]; Yongjun Shi [4]; Xinquan Liu [5]; Yongbao Zhu (corresponding author) [6] Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface[sup.[1]] [...]

Purpose: The assessment of tear film and ocular surface conditions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been poorly studied thus far. We aim to assess tear film parameters, ocular surface characteristics, and dry eye disease (DED) symptoms of patients with AIDS who did not undergo highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Methods: This case-control study included 154 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls and patients with AIDS. All participants underwent comprehensive ocular surface assessment and subjective DED symptomology evaluation. Data were collected between March 2022 and July 2022. Results: HAART-naïve patients with AIDS had a shorter noninvasive tear film breakup time (median 3.76 vs. 8.54 s), thinner tear film lipid layer thickness (median 73.00 vs. 91.00 nm), and lower Schirmer I test values (median 5.00 mm/5 min vs. 12.00 mm/5 min) (all P < 0.001). Moreover, higher corneal fluorescein staining scores (median 1.00 vs. 0.00) and higher upper, lower, and total meibomian gland grades were observed in AIDS patients (all P < 0.05). Negative correlations between the blood viral load and the Ocular Surface Disease Index score (r = -3.50, P = 0.027) and the Schirmer I test score (r = -0.374, P = 0.017) were detected in patients with AIDS. Conclusion: Altered tear film status was observed in individuals with HAART-naïve AIDS, even when there were no other ocular symptoms present. Therefore, patients with AIDS should be encouraged to undergo comprehensive ocular surface examinations to detect any subclinical tear film alterations occurring. Keywords: AIDS, dry eye, HIV, meibomian gland, ocular surface, tear film, Author(s): Fang Ruan [1,2]; Qian Fan [3,4,5]; Wenjun Kong [1,2]; Wei Zhang [1,2]; Hongwei Dong [1]; Wenbin Wei [2]; Ying Jie (corresponding author) [2] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the [...]

A 61-year-old woman presented for follow-up of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with an ongoing report of feeling grittiness and tearing in both eyes. She has a history of bilateral trabeculectomy [...]

The cornea and endogenous nerve growth factor The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of the body with an estimated 7000 nociceptors/m[m.sup.2], making it 400 times more sensitive than [...]

Dry eye disease (DED) is a ubiquitous disorder in patients who are candidates for corneal refractive surgery and implantation of premium intraocular lenses to treat presbyopia and cataracts, according to [...]

In 2017, the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society's Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II Report updated the definition of dry eye disease, describing it as 'a multifactorial disease of the [...]

Byline: Neha. Kumari, Rakhi. Kusumesh, Rekha. Kumari, Bibhuti. Sinha, Vivek. Singh Purpose: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two concentration of autologous serum [...]

Byline: Sreelakshmi. Salim, Sumana. Kamath, Sangeetha. Jeganathan, Shobha. Pai, Teena. Mendonca, Ajay. Kamath Purpose: Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (SH) and carboxymethyl cellulose [...]

Byline: Spandita. Pal, Gorati. Vani, Pragnya. Donthineni, Sayan. Basu, Kotakonda. Arunasri Purpose: To understand the bacterial microbiome changes associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and non-Sjogren's syndrome (NSS) aqueous-deficient dry eyes [...]

Byline: Trailokyanath. Panigrahi, Sharon. D'Souza, Vishnu. Suresh Babu, Mor. Dickman, Rudy. Nuijts, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is characterized by altered ocular surface proinflammatory and antiinflammatory [...]

Byline: Guanghao. Qin, Jiayan. Chen, Liangzhe. Li, Qing. Zhang, Ling. Xu, Sile. Yu, Wei. He, Xingru. He, Emmanuel. Pazo This study reviewed the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light [...]

Byline: Anahita. Kate, Rashmi. Deshmukh, Pragnya. Donthineni, Namrata. Sharma, Rasik. Vajpayee, Sayan. Basu Corneal perforations in eyes with dry eye disease (DED) are difficult to manage due to the interplay [...]

Byline: Shuang. Liu, Guang. Yang, Qingnan. Li, Shaohua. Tang Dry eye disease (DED) is a common multi-factorial disease that is characterized by tear film instability. Diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS), an ophthalmic [...]

Byline: Nikhil. Ashok, Pooja. Khamar, Sharon. D'Souza, Marlies. Gijs, Arkasubhra. Ghosh, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty Dry eye disease (DED) which affects millions of people worldwide is an ocular surface disease [...]

Byline: Purvasha. Narang, Pragnya. Donthineni, Sharon. D'Souza, Sayan. Basu Evaporative dry eye (EDE) due to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the common clinical problems encountered in ophthalmology. It [...]

Byline: Pragnya. Donthineni, Rashmi. Deshmukh, Chitra. Ramamurthy, Virender. Sangwan, Jodhbir. Mehta, Sayan. Basu Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed ophthalmic surgeries in the world. Dry eye disease [...]

Byline: Pragnya. Donthineni, Mariya. Doctor, Swapna. Shanbhag, Anahita. Kate, Anat. Galor, Ali. Djalilian, Swati. Singh, Sayan. Basu Dry eye disease (DED) is a broad term that includes a diverse group [...]

Byline: Bhavya. Gorimanipalli, Pooja. Khamar, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty The endocrine system influences all tissues and cells in the human body. The ocular surface is constantly exposed to circulating hormones [...]

Byline: Archana. Nair, Sharon. D'Souza, Pooja. Khamar, Rudy. Nuijts, Swaminathan. Sethu, Rohit. Shetty Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial chronic ocular surface inflammatory condition. Disease severity has been directly [...]

Byline: Ramaraj. Kannan, Samayitree. Das, Rohit. Shetty, Lei. Zhou, Arkasubhra. Ghosh, Vrushali. Deshpande Dry eye disease (DED) is a multi-factorial ocular surface condition driven by compromised ocular lubrication and inflammation [...]

Byline: Ruminder. Kaur, Bharat. Gurnani, Kirandeep. Kaur Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disorder of the ocular surface with a loss of tear film homeostasis, causing an imbalance in [...]

Byline: Deeksha. Prasad, Mohd. Salman, A. Reddy, Jilu. Jaffet, Abhishek. Sahoo, Saumya. Jakati, Kiran. Bokara, Swati. Singh, Sayan. Basu, Vivek. Singh, Pragnya. Donthineni Dry eye disease (DED) is an emerging [...]

Byline: Simmy. Chaudhary, Deepak. Ghimire, Sayan. Basu, Vinay. Agrawal, Deborah. Jacobs, Swapna. Shanbhag Dry eye disease (DED) is prevalent in all age groups and is known to cause chronic ocular [...]

Byline: Swati. Singh, Pragnya. Donthineni, Saumya. Srivastav, Christina. Jacobi, Sayan. Basu, Friedrich. Paulsen Lacrimal and meibomian glands contribute to the aqueous and lipid components of tear film, respectively. Their evaluation [...]

Byline: Santosh. Honavar Dry eye disease (DED) has rapidly emerged as a common ophthalmic disorder, with the global prevalence ranging from 5-50%.[1] However, the generic diagnosis of DED without plugging [...]

Earn 2 CE Credits (COPE APPROVED] While dry eye disease (DED) is common, proper diagnosis can be a challenge. Signs and symptoms don't always correlate, and patients can present with [...]

This activity was written by PER[R] editorial staff under faculty guidance and review. Faculty, Staff and Planners' Disclosures In accordance with ACCME Guidelines, PER[R] has identified and resolved all COI [...]

Treating dry eye disease (DED) often raises more questions than it answers, for both doctors and patients. After all, the disease is difficult to understand and even harder to explain. [...]

What we eat--and don't eat--is impacting our ocular health. Here's what you need to know. The past 10,000 years have given rise to many changes in our nutritional environment, with [...]

Ocular surface inflammation and tear film dysfunction can go undetected, undertreated, or untreated for many patients. In most cases, uncontrolled inflammation is the major effect of multiple factors that drive [...]

The real root cause of most dry eye is failure of the eyelids to protect the ocular surface. Here's how you know. We have all experienced the frustration of caring [...]

Byline: Prateek. Nishant, Achala. Ramawat, N. Shrinkhal, Neeti. Gupta, Sanjeev. Mittal Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of Meiboscale with symptom score (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI]) and meibomian gland dysfunction [...]

Byline: Muhammad. Tariq, Hamza. Amin, Bilal. Ahmed, Uzair. Ali, Ashar. Mohiuddin There is conflicting evidence for the association between smoking and dry eye disease (DED). We conducted a meta-analysis to [...]

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, referred to as dry eye disease (DED), is a growing public health concern affecting as many as 17% of women and 11.1% of men in the United States. [...]

Inflammation is the hallmark symptom of all ocular surface disease, including dry eye disease (DED). Uncontrolled inflammation leads to chronic pain and irritation as well as delayed healing, tissue damage, [...]

Byline: Ritika. Mullick, Sriram. Annavajjhala, Prashansa. Thakur, Ayushi. Mohapatra, Rohit. Shetty, Sharon. D'Souza Purpose: To evaluate the effect of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops on patients with [...]

Delayed Glaucoma Treatment Doesn't Always Put Patients Behind. Daniel Lee D. Yu, Bunya V.Y. Upon comparing the long-term visual outcomes in the two arms of the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial [...]

DREAM Study Researchers Again Challenge Omega-3 Efficacy in DED Treatment. While the original DREAM study only followed patients for 12 months, researchers--again led by study chair Penny Asbell, MD-recently obtained [...]

Dry, irritated eyes can be one of the trickiest clinical findings. These systemic associations may be the key.As a multifactorial disease affecting more than 30 million people within the United [...]

INTRODUCTION Identification and management of dry eye disease (DED) is evolving with the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic modalities. At the same time, ophthalmologists are becoming more aware [...]