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• A Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper composite was fabricated using an in-situ annealing method. • Flexible Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper possesses hierarchical structure. • Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper exhibited improved photocatalytic performance. • Improved carrier separation and hierarchical structure are key to performance enhancement. Although Bi 7 O 9 I 3 is an oxygen-rich bismuth oxyiodide with higher photocatalytic activity than BiOI, its applicability for photocatalytic oxidation is limited by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and poor reusability. Depositing Bi 7 O 9 I 3 on flexible macro-sized carbonaceous materials is a promising approach for promoting photogenerated electron migration and improving reusability. In this study, a composite consisting of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 supported on graphitic carbon paper (Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP) was synthesized via the in situ transformation of a BiOI-deposited carbon paper precursor (BiOI-CP). The as-prepared Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP exhibited higher visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity than both Bi 7 O 9 I 3 and BiOI-CP precursor for phenol removal. The improved photocatalytic activity of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP was attributed to its hierarchical structure and promoted carrier separation, as revealed by photoluminescence, pore structure, and reactive radical analyses. Moreover, owing to its macroscale size and flexibility, the Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP composite could be easily operated and reused, which are favorable for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrathin and flexible paper with good EMI shielding performance is constructed. • Composite paper is featured with a three-layer structured surface. • TOCN/CS hydrogel film offers good protection for MXene. • TOCN/MXene with layered structure enhances the mechanical property of paper. MXene-contained paper is a good choice to design ultrathin and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. However, the deficiencies in strength and stability of MXene-contained paper impede its practical applications. Herein, a composite paper was proposed to address the problems, in which a filter paper was modified with a three-layer structured surface via a facile layer-by-layer coating procedure. Specifically, the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN)/cationic starch (CS)/MXene gel layer and TOCN/MXene nacre structure layer ensured the good EMI shielding and mechanical performances of the composite paper, while the uppermost TOCN/CS hydrogel film layer mainly protected MXene. The composite paper achieved an EMI SE of 40.3 dB at a thickness of merely 0.1894 mm (SE/ t value of ca. 212.8 dB mm−1, SSE/ t values of ca.13216 dB cm2 g−1) and the total MXene dosage was 20 g m−2. Its tensile strength could be up to 11.7 MPa while the original filter paper was 6.4 MPa. Four pieces of this composite papers could be easily packed together to attain an EMI SE of nearly 70 dB. Importantly, the hydrogel film layer efficiently protected the MXene and maintained the EMI shielding performance of the composite paper when immersed in different liquids including water, HCl (1 M) and ethanol, due to the dense and compact structure of hydrogel film layer. This work provides a practical way to develop ultrathin, flexible and durable EMI shielding materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraneous growth of scientific information over the Internet makes the searching task non-trivial and as a consequence researchers are facing difficulties in finding relevant papers from the millions of research papers in digital repositories. The research paper recommendation systems have been advocated to address this problem. The existing research paper recommendation systems lack in exploiting prominent information of papers, such as relevancy with the current time, novelty, scientific contribution, writing complexity of the papers, etc. Further, the existing models emphasize only on user's preference rather than user's intention that may change with time. Furthermore, the existing models do not consider a sound ranking strategy to unleash the personalization aspect and relevancy of papers. This work aims to address the existing limitations and proposes a systematic hidden attribute-based recommendation engine (SHARE). SHARE utilizes a feature engineering technique to unfold valuable insights of papers through multiple hidden features. These features are used as a context for users as well as multiple criteria for ranking papers. Additionally, SHARE predicts a user's intention beyond the user's preference to capture the dynamic notion of a user. Finally, a novel ranking strategy is proposed to retrieve personalized and the most important papers. SHARE is flexible for recommending both old and new users. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of SHARE both user studies and system evaluations were performed. Experimental results substantiate the efficacy of the proposed approach and are comparable to the existing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In the paper, the impact of paper production waste (primary sludge, or PS) on the properties of cement pastes and mortars is discussed upon. Some specimens were formed with [...]

ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of an exploratory experimental study to manufacture eco-friendly lightweight bricks through binary mix of paper mill sludge (PMS) and soil. The pre-manufacture activities include [...]

Paper-based flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chips have been demonstrated to have great potential for future practical applications in point-of-care testing (POCT) due to the potentials of massive fabrication, low cost, efficient sample collection and short signal acquisition time. In this work, common filter paper and Ag@SiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles (NP) have been utilized to fabricate SERS chips based on shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). The SERS performance of the chips for POCT applications was systematically investigated. We used crystal violet as the model molecule to study the influence of the size of the Ag core and the thickness of the SiO 2 coating layer on the SERS activity and then the morphology optimized Ag@SiO 2 core-shell NPs was employed to detect thiram. By utilizing the smartphone as a miniaturized Raman spectral analyzer, high SERS sensitivity of thiram with a detection limit of 10−9M was obtained. The study on the stability of the SERS chips shows that a SiO 2 shell of 3 nm can effectively protect the as-prepared SERS chips against oxidation in ambient atmosphere without seriously weakening the SERS sensitivity. Our results indicated that the SERS chips by SHINERS had great potential of practical application, such as pesticide residues detection in POCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The paper analyses the effect of waste sludge from paper industry (paper sludge) on physical and mechanical properties of clay bricks, their microstructure and resistance to freezing and thawing. [...]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of calcination and cooling conditions on pozzolanic reactivity of waste paper sludge. Calcined paper sludge (CPS) is prepared by different [...]

ABSTRACT Green liquor dregs wastes coming from pulp and paper production are currently disposed in landfills at a huge cost for industry and the environment. In this work, a novel [...]

ABSTRACT A raw decorative paper was coated with a mixture of Ti[O.sub.2]-Si[O.sub.2] nanocomposite aerogel and melamine-formaldehyde resin to achieve dual functions, namely formaldehyde degradation and smoke suppression. The physical and [...]

ABSTRACT A sandwich structure consisting of perlite composite foam as core and Brown paper as skin is developed and its flexural behaviour is studied in relation with properties of constituents [...]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate some physical and mechanical properties of the paper mill (PMS) and spruce planer shaving added cement boards. Also the effect of [...]

• Flexible and disposable paper-based NO 2 sensor based on rGO/chitosan(CS) composite is proposed. • Synthesized rGO/CS composite can be easily deformed into various shapes because of its inherent characteristic. • The detection limit of NO 2 is 1 ppm and the possibility of application at the automobile exhaust is also confirmed. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) is a representative toxicant in air pollution that mostly arises from the exhaust gas released by automobiles. It is related to various respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and sudden infant death syndrome. Additionally, because the toxicity of nitrogen dioxide is high in overpopulated areas (i.e. , a capital or metropolis), the development of simple, practical, and facile sensors is highly needed. This work presents a flexible and disposable paper-based NO 2 sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide/chitosan (rGO/CS) composite. The synthesized rGO/CS composite can be easily flexed and deformed into various shapes, which are attributed to chitosan molecules that function as a dispersion and reduction agent and support material. In addition, this composite can be attached to paper owing to its adhesive property; hence it can be utilized in versatile applications in a disposable manner. By analyzing the conductive change of the rGO/CS composite when it reacts with NO 2 , we can detect nitrogen dioxide in a concentration range of 0–100 ppm with a detection limit of 1 ppm. Moreover, we performed NO 2 detection in the exhaust gas released by automobiles using the rGO/CS composite for practical application. The results indicated that the rGO/CS composite has the potential to be used in feasible gas sensing as a facile and disposable sensor under various conditions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A patterned paper-based energy storage device is fabricated by low-cost screen printing. • The device shows excellent energy storage, photothermal and electromagnetic shielding properties. • The whole paper device with good self-healing performance presents an ultra-high energy density. • White garbage can also be used to prepare high value-added energy storage material. Supercapacitors are favored by researchers because of their high power density, especially with the acceleration of people's life rhythm. However, their energy density, especially from the point of view of the whole energy storage device, is far lower than that of commercial batteries. In this work, a kind of customizable full paper-based supercapacitor device with excellent self-healing ability is fabricated by simple and low-cost screen printing, electropolymerization and dip coating methods. The resultant separator-free supercapacitor device exhibits both ultrahigh gravimetric and areal specific energy (power) densities of 39 Wh kg−1 (69 kW kg−1) and 692 μWh cm−2 (236 mW cm−2), achieving excellent supercapacitor performance. Notably, the addition of vitrimers endows the whole device with outstanding self-healing properties, which is helpful for enhancing the adaptability of the device to the environment. In addition, this kind of paper-based device also displays good photothermal and electromagnetic shielding performances. These striking features make paper matrix composites attractive in the fields of supercapacitors, medical photothermal treatment and electromagnetic shielding. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In the present work, unshredded waste newspaper based composites have been prepared in polyester resin matrix. Reinforcing material, waste newspaper is characterized by chemically, X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, Fourier [...]

ABSTRACT Due to increasing generation of solid wastes from papermaking industry, major concerns arise about the disposal of the solid wastes and their adverse impacts on environments, in which the [...]

Currently, text documents from multiple sources have become available in many fields. It is of great interest to study the relationship between documents from different sources and uncover the underlying causality. Zhu et al. (2021) proposed a joint dynamic topic model (JDTM). They classified all topics into three groups and used the "shared topics" with a fixed time lag order to characterize the shared information between two corpora. Although JDTM is a powerful tool for discovering the lead-lag relationship, there are two potential shortcomings. First, different shared topics should have distinct meanings, which should lead to different time lag orders between the two corpora. Second, for dynamic documents, not all topics are represented in each time slice, and thus topic sparsity should be considered. To address these two problems, we propose a sparse joint dynamic topic model (SJDTM) with a flexible lead-lag order. We assume a birth-and-death mechanism for all topics and a flexible lead-lag order for different shared topics. The performance of SJDTM is evaluated using both synthetic data and two real text corpora consisting of conference papers and journal papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This review compiles the main scientific and technical findings on the viability of using paper sludge waste as a supplementary cementitious material in the manufacture of future eco-efficient cements. [...]

Folding paper along curves leads to spatial structures that have curved surfaces meeting at spatial creases, defined as curve-fold origami. In this work, we provide an Eulerian framework focusing on the mechanics of arbitrary curve-fold origami, especially for multi-curve-fold origami with vertices. We start with single-curve-fold origami that has wide panels. Wide panel leads to different domains of mechanical responses induced by various generator distributions of the curved surface. The theories are then extended to multi-curve-fold origami, involving additional geometric correlations between creases. As an illustrative example, the deformation and equilibrium configuration of origami with annular creases are studied both theoretically and numerically. Afterward, single-vertex curved origami theory is studied as a special type of multi-curve-fold origami. We find that the extra periodicity at the vertex strongly constrains the configuration space, leading to a region near the vertex that has a striking universal equilibrium configuration regardless of the mechanical properties. Both theories and numerics confirm the existence of the universality in the near-field region. In addition, the far-field deformation is obtained via energy minimization and validated by finite element analysis. Our generalized multi-curve-fold origami theory, including the vertex-contained universality, is anticipated to provide a new understanding and framework for the shape programming of the curve-fold origami system. • We extend the existing theory for single-curve-fold origami to arbitrary shapes. • We extend single-curve-fold origami theory to multi-curve-fold origami theory. • We derive the geometric mechanics theory for multi-curve-fold origami with vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Cellulose products made from recycled paper can be utilized as sound absorbing and insulation materials. Cellulose is a sound absorbing material composed of paper, and is thus environmentally friendly [...]

• A 3D lithophilic carbon paper/current collector integrated Li metal anode (Li@LCP-Cu) is prepared by hot-pressing method, which can precisely control the Li content and thickness. • The in-situ formed lithiophilic layer on the surface of CP can exist stably and reduce the nucleation overpotential, inducing uniform and dense Li deposition. • 3D CP skeleton can reduce local current density to suppress dendrite growth and limit anode volume change. • The solid-state battery assembled with Li@LCP-Cu, PVDF-based polymer electrolyte and PEO functional layer exhibits the best electrochemical and safety performance. Safety issues induced by infinite anode volume change and uncontrolled lithium (Li) dendrite growth have become the biggest obstacle to the practical application of Li metal batteries. In addition, the traditional rolling method makes it difficult to manufacture thin Li foil with high mechanical strength and low Li content. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) lithophilic carbon paper/copper (Cu) current collector hybrid anode with ultra-low Li metal content is prepared by a hot-pressing method. The highly reversible and stable lithiophilic layer LiC x formed in situ by heating/pressing treatment provides abundant nucleation sites and reduces the Li nucleation overpotential, thereby effectively suppressing Li dendrite growth. Moreover, the volume change and pulverization problems of Li metal anode during deposition/stripping also can be accommodated by the 3D skeleton. The optimization effect has been directly confirmed by in-situ optical and ex-situ scanning electron microscope observation. Therefore, highly stable performance (158.4 mA h g−1 at 2 C after 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 95.24%) in Li@LCP-Cu||NCM811 coin cell can be achieved. Furthermore, the solid-state battery assembled with the hybrid anode, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based polymer electrolyte and polyethylene oxide (PEO) interface functional layer also exhibits the best electrochemical and safety performance, which also proves that the Li@LCP-Cu anode has great potential for application in solid-state batteries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ranking of decision makers (DMs)' preferences for feasible states in the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) is crucial for accurately determining stability results. This paper addresses the issue of subjective ranking methods lacking theoretical foundation and causing ambiguity when the number of feasible states is high by proposing the implementation of the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method in the GMCR. The paper utilizes the average level to choose evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method for determining the DM's preference ranking, which can effectively reduce the impact of anomalous evaluations. Further, the PUL-EDAS method based on probabilistic uncertainty linguistics (PUL) is developed, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional EDAS method, which only applies to the simple evaluation of information. The PUL aligns with DMs' daily evaluation practice by providing an interval for the quality of qualitative linguistic evaluations. Furthermore, it utilizes an objective aggregation method to calculate comprehensive evaluation information from all DMs. In addition, the four fundamental stability definitions, applicable solely under crisp preferences, are extended to the PUL context, providing related extended definitions. Finally, to ensure the scientific validity and practicality of the proposed theory, this paper selects digital rural governance as the research context for conflict calculus analysis, comparing it with other MADM methods in the preference ranking section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Yin et al. published the article titled "Identifying critical nodes in complex networks based on distance Laplacian energy" in which they proposed a new vertex centrality called distance Laplacian centrality (D L C) to identify critical nodes. However, we find that D L C can only be used in specific networks, which are still connected after removing any individual node. Meanwhile, some incorrect properties were used. Therefore, in this paper, we explain the reason that the property is incorrect and make corrections. In addition, we provide two centrality methods based on two different distance energies to solve the problem caused by disconnected networks. • We find some errors in the main results of the paper (ID: 114487). • We make correction on the main theorem. • We provide two centrality methods based on two different distance energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene paper shows a great promise for the electrical energy storage. However, the high stability, purity and specific surface area have become stringent requirements for supercapacitor applications. Finding methods to tackle these problems is rather challenging. Here, we develop a facile method to prepare porous graphene papers with a thickness 0.5 mm by a thermal shock to the layer-structure graphene paper self-assembled on Cu foil under nitrogen flowing. The as-prepared porous graphene paper exhibits a large specific capacitance of 100 F g −1 at the scan rate of 100 mV s −1 with high stability and purity without any residual chemical reagents, showing a promising potential for supercapacitor applications. The high electrochemical properties are mainly attributed to the high-specific area and the improved conductivity of the porous graphene paper performed by the multieffect of reducing, cleaving and expanding to the layer-structure graphene paper by high-energy thermal heating during the thermal shock process. This work paves a pathway to the facile preparation of porous graphene paper for supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This discussion clarifies certain issues related to references made by the authors to the paper entitled 'RC columns of square section--passive and active confinement with composite ropes' by T.C. Rousakis, [...]

A serious error exists in the above paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper by Jalal et al. [1], the authors present phase portraits of a differential system exhibiting chaotic behavior with line equilibria. This commentary identifies inaccuracies in the provided figures and offers corrected versions. Specifically, discrepancies were found in Fig. 1 (phase portraits with parameters a = 15 and b = 1) and Fig. 2 (phase portraits with parameters a = 0 and b = 5). Corrected figures, along with MATLAB codes for verification, are provided. These corrections are discussed in the context of chaotic systems with line equilibria, referencing Jafari and Sprott's work [2], which explores similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two very serious errors exist in the above paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qianlong Xuan paper, lost two hundred years ago, was reproduced by engineers in Red-Star Xuan Paper Limited Liability Company of China. Its remarkable performance and profound historical value are highly regarded by artists and the paper commands very high price in the commercial market. Ink penetrates and spreads optimally in the paper and the words exhibit clear edges with small fluctuations because of the desirable wettability and wicking. These characteristics make it stand out from three Xuan paper samples. The good wettability, verified by contact angle measurements, is an essential prerequisite to strong wicking. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is performed to determine the chemical structure of Qianlong Xuan paper and the relatively large hydrogen bonding ratio contributes to the hydrophilicity. The microstructure investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy reveals wide fibers and a uniform fiber arrangement with good connectivity, dense network, as well as rough fiber surface. These unique properties endow Qianlong Xuan paper with strong wicking to improve the ink expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT) based nanocomposites with high mass fraction are proposed by in-situ bridging carbon matrix into CNT paper through optimized chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). Nanoinfiltration behavior of CNTs is basically investigated under the CVI process. The contact between each CNT can be strengthened and the conductive pathways can be established, resulting in the better mechanical and electrical properties. Compared with the pristine CNT paper, the CNT/C composite after pyrolysis process confirms a remarkable advance in tensile strength (up to 310 ± 13 MPa) and Young's modulus (up to 2.4 ± 0.1 GPa). Besides, a notable feature of electrical conductivity also shows an improvement up to 8.5 S/cm, which can be attributed to the mass fraction of CNT (41 wt%) breaking the limits of percolation thresholds and the efficient densification of this sample to establish the conductive pathways. This study has a broad application in the development of the multi-functional electrical and engineering materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide paper (GOP) can be prepared through simplified filtration of a graphite oxide solution. It possesses similar properties to graphene. In this study, the graphite oxide solution was synthesized from commercial graphite by means of Hummer's method. It corresponds to the dried GOP that was prepared by deposition on a cellulose filter. It is found that the mesophase of the dried graphene oxide papers obtained from the graphite was thermotropic hexagonal columnar liquid crystal. Its higher temperature transitions were found at 80 °C, 150 °C and 170 °C–180 °C. Therefore, it could be used for thermal storage and conductive materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comment pertains to the novel modified sub-ODE method introduced in the aforementioned paper. We have established, through a straightforward calculation, that the method employed in the paper is flawed. Moreover, certain exact solutions, as presented in the paper, are also erroneous in the context of both the auxiliary equation method associated with the aforementioned method and the model under investigation, namely the nonlinear low-pass electrical transmission lines model. It is noteworthy that the authors of the paper have asserted on two occasions that they meticulously validated all derived solutions by re-substituting them into the relevant equations, utilizing the Mathematica software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exam paper generation is an indispensable part of teaching. Existing methods focus on the use of question extraction algorithms with labels for each question provided. Obviously, manual labeling is inefficient and cannot avoid label bias. Furthermore, the quality of the exam papers generated by the existing methods is not guaranteed. To address these problems, we propose a novel approach to generating exam papers based on prediction of exam performance. As such, we update the quality of the initially generated questions one by using dynamic programming, as well as in batches by using genetic algorithms. We performed the prediction task by using Deep Knowledge Tracing. Our approach considered the skill weight, difficulty, and distribution of exam scores. By comparisons, experimental results indicate that our approach performed better than the two baselines. Furthermore, it can generate exam papers with adaptive difficulties closely to the expected levels, and the related student exam scores will be guaranteed to be relatively reasonable distribution. In addition, our approach was evaluated in a real learning scenarios and shows advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some serious errors exist in the above paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important characteristics of the photovoltaic (PV) modules is their long lifetime (around 25 years). However, recent investigations have shown that PV modules may suffer significant degradation before that time; that is why the development of diagnostic techniques is important for the customers of PV systems. In this paper two indicators to quantify the degradation of a PV module are presented. Such indicators use the single-diode model to represent a PV module without degradation and combine such information with the experimental measurements to estimate the increase in the series resistance and/or the decrease in the parallel resistance with respect to reference values. The estimation of those variations allows the quantification of the module degradation. Simulation results comparing the proposed indicators with the fill factor (a traditional indicator to quantify the electrical quality of a PV module), and other indicators to estimate the series resistance are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bimetal sulfides NiS 2 /MoS 2 with abundant exposed edge sites and electron transfer-favoring layered structure. • CFP served as a support to control the heterostructures of NiS 2 /MoS 2. • 3D hierarchical NiS 2 /MoS 2 nanostructures on CFP exhibit the overpotential of 102 mV (10 mA cm−2), a Tafel slope of 67 mV/dec and a high double-layer capacity of 53.7 mF/cm2. The electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is strongly correlated with active edge sites and resulting efficient charge transport capability. Here, we presented a facile two-step method to synthesize 3D hierarchical NiS 2 /MoS 2 composite nanostructures on a carbon fiber paper (CFP) skeleton. The nanostructures distributed on CFP uniformly and composed of 2D nanosheets, which would provide plenty of active edge sites and increase the HER activity. Electrochemical measurement suggests that the prepared NiS 2 /MoS 2 exhibit great HER activity including a low overpotential of 102 mV, a small Tafel slope of 67 mV/dec, and a high double-layer capacity of 53.7 mF/cm2 in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. In addition, the HER activity is almost unchanged after galvanostatic technique with applied current densities of 10 mA/cm2 for 20 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kirigami, the ancient Japanese paper cutting technique, has been applied to achieve high stretchability and low energy loss of designed metallic glass. Despite the exploration of the underlying deformation mechanism of kirigami-inspired structures from the energy point of view, the morphable responses of the kirigami patterns and the origin of the kirigami response are yet to be fully understood. This study reveals the mechanical driven-forms of the kirigami structure with the corresponding deformation stages. Based on the beam deflection theory, the elastic buckling behavior of kirigami metallic glass is manifested and a critical force prediction model is developed. Moreover, a force concentration parameter is introduced in the rigid-plastic deformation stage, predicting the nominal ultimate force. The kirigami-inspired facture force is firstly proposed. The findings of these models are in good agreement with the experimental size-dependent kirigami responses, and expected to provide significant insights into the understanding of the deformation behavior and the design of kirigami metallic glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel UV curable nano-silver ink with low-temperature and short-time curing features was developed for the application of high-performance e-textiles. • By investigating the influence of ink composition, it can provide a guideline to the ink formulation design and understand the mechanism of printing defect formation. • The electrical conductivity of textile-based electrode was achieved as high as 2.47 × 106 S/m when the nano-silver content of conductive ink was 60 wt%. • The textile-based electrode showed outstanding mechanical durability and could maintain resistance stability within 10 washing and drying cycles. • The application potential of conductive ink in fabricating e-textiles was confirmed by using the textile-based electrode as the cathode of silver-zinc battery. The possibility of printing conductive ink on textiles is progressively researched due to its potential benefits in manufacturing functional wearable electronics and improving wearing comfort. However, few studies have reported the effect of conductive ink formulation on electrodes directly screen-printed on flexible substrates, especially printing UV curable conductive ink on common textiles. In this work, a novel UV curable nano-silver ink with short-time curing and low temperature features was developed to manufacture the fully flexible and washable textile-based electrodes by screen printing. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ink formulation on UV-curing speed, degree of conversion, morphology and electrical properties of printed electrodes. Besides, the application demonstration was highlighted. The curing speed and adhesion of ink was found depending dominantly on the type of prepolymer and the functionality of monomer, and the type of photoinitiator had a decisive effect on the curing speed, degree of double bond conversion and morphology of printed patterns. The nano-silver content is key to guarantee the suitable screen-printability of conductive ink and therefore the uniformity and high conductivity of textile-based electrodes. Optimally, an ink formulation with 60 wt% nano-silver meets the potential application requirements. The electrode with 1.0 mm width showed significantly high electrical conductivity of 2.47 × 106 S/m, outstanding mechanical durability and satisfactory washability. The high-performance of electrodes screen-printed on different fabrics proved the feasibility and utility of UV curable nano-silver ink. In addition, the application potential of the conductive ink in fabricating electronic textiles (e-textiles) was confirmed by using the textile-based electrodes as the cathodes of silver-zinc batteries. We anticipate the developed UV curable conductive ink for screen-printing on textiles can provide a novel design opportunity for flexible and wearable e-textile applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight laminate composite sandwich-like materials are one of the most used composite materials. When a laminate composite is punched normally to the surface, the outer skin layer plays a protective role, which is studied in the present work by elucidating the corresponding stress distribution in the core. First, a theoretical framework is developed to predict the stress distribution in the core corresponding to different mechanical properties of the skin. Thus, the location of the highest stress is predicted and a potential failure domain in the core of the laminate composite is established. The theory is verified by novel photoelastic experiments developed and conducted in this work. In addition, a micromechanical model of behavior of paper filaments under compression is proposed and verified experimentally. Based on this model, a novel method of measuring Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of compressed paper is proposed and demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the study of ink seepage and spreading into paper to ease the deciphering of digitized ancient documents and therefore make them legible and researchable. A three-dimensional model is proposed for the simulation of ink seepage into paper at the fiber level. The model takes into account a finite volume of ink and describes the system state through gravity, cohesion and adhesion force interactions. At the mesoscopic scale, the writing paper is modeled using a discretized fiber structure generated using a numerical deposition procedure. A modified Monte Carlo method is introduced for the simulation of the ink dynamics. Finally a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method is suggested to fine-tune the mesoscopic variational model parameters and it is shown that the ink seepage behaviors predicted by the proposed model can resemble those predicted by a method relying on first principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We introduce the effect of changing environmental carrying capacity on evolution of asymmetric rock-paper-scissors game. • According to assumptions on environmental gradients, the system can exhibit various survival states including multistability of single species survival. • Symmetry-breaking of competition rates and environmental carrying capacity can be significant factors to yield rich behavior of species survival in systems of cyclic competition. • Considering ecological factors is found to be an important issue on understanding mechanisms of evolution among cyclically competing species in the perspective of maintaining coexistence and promoting biodiversity. Asymmetrical rock-paper-scissors (RPS) competition has been perceived as a crucial factor in shaping species biodiversity, and understanding this ecological issue in a multi-species paradigm is rather difficult because community dynamics usually depend on distinct factors such as abiotic environments, biotic interactions and symmetry-breaking phenomenon. To address this problem, we employ a Lotka-Volterra competitive system consisting of both symmetrical, asymmetrical interactions and abiotic environment components. We discover that that asymmetrical RPS competition in heterogeneous environments can yield much richer dynamical behaviors, compared to the symmetrical and asymmetrical competition in homogeneous environments. While it is observed that species coexistence outcomes and/or oscillatory solutions are maintained as in the case of homogeneous environments, the nonuniformity in the environmental carrying capacities may lead to extra dynamics with regards to the appearance of survival states; for instance, coexistence of any two-species and single-species persistence states, which are not evident in the previous modelling studies. By means of bifurcation analysis, various salient features of the dynamical systems, including the emergence of certain attractors (e.g., different steady states, stable limit cycles and heteroclinic cycles) and co-dimension one bifurcations (e.g., transcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations) are realized in this ecological model. Overall, this modelling work provides a novel attempt to simultaneously encompass not only symmetry-breaking phenomenon through RPS competition, but also heterogeneity in the environments. This framework can provide additional insights to better understand various mechanisms underlying the effects of distinct ecological processes on multi-species communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density-dependent selection is a universal feature in the evolution of populations, and such an adaptive behavior can change the survival strategy of species during evolution. In this paper, we investigate the role of adaptive behavior in biodiversity in the system of cyclic competition. By incorporating a density-dependent mechanism into intraspecific competition, which is well-known as a key mechanism leading to biodiversity, we studied how such adaptive intraspecific competition can affect biodiversity and collective behavior during the evolution of cyclically competing species. Microscopically, we found that species can coexist strongly and are spirally entangled or collectively united by presenting two distinct pattern formations on spatially extended systems. While the adaptive mechanism can always promote species coexistence in a mean-field manner for particular sensitivity to the group scale, corresponding spatial dynamics exhibit nonmonotonic features for the robustness of extinction at moderately high mobility regime over the critical mobility when the associated mean-field system exhibits asymptotically stable heteroclinic cycles. The findings can shed light on a new aspect of the collective behavior of coexisting populations which may indicate the possibility of changing the survival strategies of each group to maintain the coexistence of cyclically competing populations. • The effect of the adaptive intraspecific competition is studied. • Species biodiversity is promoted at moderately high mobility values. • Anomalous viability accompanies the change of new pattern formation for coexistence. • The role of adaptive intraspecific competition is studied quantitively. • Critical degrees of adaptive intraspecific competition are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Random vibration analysis is an important indicator for conducting fatigue analysis as well as reliability analysis of engineering structures. At present, the vibration analysis for plate and shell structures is mostly limited to simple plate and shell structures, while the analysis of random vibration of smart piezoelectric structures is really scarce. In this paper, an electro-mechanical coupling model is proposed to examine the stochastic vibration characteristics of smart piezoelectric structures based on the Spectral-Tchebychev method (S-T), whose type of random excitation is pseudo-excitation method (PEM). By comparing the FEM, the literature and experiments, it is observed that S-T electromechanical coupling model proposed in this paper consumes much less computational time in predicting the stochastic response than the existing methods. Secondly, we focus on the effect of the piezoelectric layer on the stochastic vibration characteristics of the host structure. Then, artificial spring technique is also adopted to simulate the general boundary of the coupled electromechanical model for the random vibration analysis. The research work on the random vibration of piezoelectric smart structures in this paper can provide practical engineering experience for the design and equipment of smart structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study presented experimental results of mechanical properties of RAC containing mineral admixtures at 500[degrees]C. Four different mineral admixtures (fly ash (FA), waste paper sludge ash (PSA), silica fume [...]

Organisms may respond to local stimuli that benefit or threaten their fitness. The adaptive movement behaviour may allow individuals to adjust their speed to maximise the chances of being in comfort zones, where death risk is minimal. We investigate spatial cyclic models where the rock-paper-scissors game rules describe the nonhierarchical dominance. We assume that organisms of one out of the species can control the mobility rate in response to the information obtained from scanning the environment. Running a series of stochastic simulations, we quantify the effects of the movement strategy on the spatial patterns and population dynamics. Our findings show that the ability to change mobility to adapt to environmental clues is not reflected in an advantage in cyclic spatial games. The adaptive movement provokes a delay in the spatial domains occupied by the species in the spiral waves, making the group more vulnerable to the advance of the dominant species and less efficient in taking territory from the dominated species. Our outcomes also show that the effects of adaptive movement behaviour accentuate whether most individuals have a long-range neighbourhood perception. Our results may be helpful for biologists and data scientists to comprehend the dynamics of ecosystems where adaptive processes are fundamental. • Stochastic simulations of the spatial rock-paper-scissors model with organisms of one out of the species performing adaptive movement strategies are performed. • Individuals can adjust their mobility to run away from hostile environments and stay in comfort zones. • The impact of the adaptive movement strategy on pattern formation is described and the characteristic length of the typical single-species spatial domain is quantified. • The mean species densities and selection risks are calculated based on the organisms' perception range and responsiveness strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with smart grid concept and its reliability in presence of renewable energies. Around the globe an adjustment of electric energy is required to limit CO2 gas emission, preserve the greenhouse, limit pollution, fight climate change and increase energy security. Subsequently renewable energy expansion is the real test for designers and experts of smart grid system. This initiative has made significant progress toward the modernization and growth of the electric utility infrastructure and aims to integrate it into today's advanced communication era, both in function and in architecture. The study is focused on the difference between a conventional grid and a smart grid concept and the integration of renewable energy in a smart grid system where grid control is a must for energy management. Assuring a good grid reliability, taking the right control measures in order to preserve continuous electricity supply for the customers are challenges highlighted in the present paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study generalised rock–paper–scissors models with an arbitrary odd number N ≥ 5 of species, among which n are weak, with 2 ≤ n ≤ (N − 1) / 2. Because of the species' weakness, the probability of individuals conquering territory in the cyclic spatial game is low. Running stochastic simulations, we study the role of unevenness in the rock–paper–scissors game in spatial patterns and population dynamics, considering diverse models where the weak species are in different positions in the cyclic game order. Studying systems with five and seven species, we discover that the individuals' spatial organisation arising from the pattern formation process determines the stability of the cyclic game with multiple weak species. Our outcomes show that the presence of species unbalances the spatial distribution of organisms of the same species bringing consequences on territorial dominance, with the predominant species being determined by the position in the cyclic game order. Our simulations elucidate that, in general, the further apart the regions inhabited by different weak species are, the less the coexistence between the species is jeopardised. We show that if multiple weak species occupy adjacent spatial domains, the unevenness in the cyclic game is reinforced, maximising the chances of biodiversity loss. Our discoveries may also be helpful to biologists in comprehending systems where weak species unbalance biodiversity stability. • Stochastic simulations of the rock–paper–scissors models with five and seven species were performed. • The asymmetry in the spatial patterns due to the presence of multiple weak species is investigated. • The effects of species' weakness on population dynamics are quantified. • The impact of multiple weak species in jeopardising biodiversity is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compute the similarity of scientific papers, text-based similarity measures, link-based similarity measures, and hybrid methods can be applied. The text-based and link-based similarity measures take into account only a single aspect of scientific papers, content or citations, respectively. The hybrid methods consider both content and citations; however, they do not carefully consider the relation between the content of a pair of papers involved in a citation relationship. In this paper, we propose a novel method, SimCC (similarity based on content and citations), that considers both aspects, content and citations, to compute the similarity of scientific papers. Unlike previous methods, SimCC effectively reflects both content and authority of scientific papers simultaneously in similarity computation by applying a new RA (relevance and authority) weighting scheme. Also, we propose an RA+R weighting scheme to consider the recency of papers and an RA+E weighting scheme to take into account the author expertise of papers in similarity computation. The effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated by extensive experiments on a real-world dataset of scientific papers. The results show that our method achieves more than 100% improvement in accuracy in comparison with previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]