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ACNE Acne is a common skin condition caused by clogged hair follicles in the skin. Papulopustular rosacea produces acne-like breakouts, redness, and swelling. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses Atopic dermatitis (AD) a chronic, recurrent skin condition that can significantly impact a person's physical, psychological, social, and financial well-being. Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, has been approved as a treatment option for moderate to severe AD that does not respond to topical therapies, according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines in England and Wales.

The article provides a quick guide to managing eczema in adults. Eczema is characterised by dry, itchy skin and is one of the most common skin conditions affecting up to one in ten United Kingdom (UK) adults at some time in their lives. Also mentioned are occupational hazard caused by eczema, eczema's impact on health, and common forms of eczema.

Pharmacists can educate patients about the best OTC products for AD andthe importance of using OTC skin care products that contain ceramides, whichcan be beneficial in maintaining, protecting, and restoring the natural skinbarrier function and overall dermatological health. OTC Focus Guidelines Provide Information onthe Management and Treatment ofThis Common Skin Condition PHARMACISTS CAN PROVIDE ADVICE TO PATIENTS who are seeking guidanceon how to prevent and treat atopic dermatitis (AD), given the manytopical nonprescription products on the market, such as antihistamines,low-potency topical hydrocortisone products, moisturizers,and skin cleansers. [Extracted from the article]

Peer Exchange provided an overview of atopic dermatitis, the unmet needs that remain regarding treatment, the potential use of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors in managing the condition, and the critical role of pharmacists. Rotolo discussed dupilumab (Dupixent), the first systemic therapy for atopic dermatitis approved by the FDA, which may cause an injection site reaction. [Extracted from the article]

Cow's milk allergy is common in children and rare in adults. The clinical features of cow's milk allergy are varied and they include anaphylaxis, gastrointestinal symptoms and atopic dermatitis. The prevalence of cow's milk allergy is difficult to ascertain, based on self-reported symptoms that are not subsequently confirmed by diagnostic testing. The gold-standard diagnostic test is the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge. Avoidance of milk and milk products is the main therapy. Nutritional considerations are important in both children and adults, as is recognising the potential for resolution of cow's milk allergy. Providing evidence-based advice and support to individuals and their families and carers is central to managing cow's milk allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the prevalence of ocular allergy as of February 2015. Topics covered include the susceptibility of ocular conjunctiva with airborne allergens, the association of such allergy with rhinoconjunctivitis or hay fever, asthma, atopic dermatitis or eczema, and other systemic atopic manifestations, ways to manage ocular allergy, such as patient education, immunotherapy and topical therapies, and suggestions when using a topical ocular antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer.

Atopic dermatitis affects both children and adults, and often presents in early life as itchy, dry skin primarily located on the face, trunk and limbs. There is usually a history of family or personal atopic disease and an increased blood level of the allergic antibody immunoglobulin E. The mainstays of treatment are emollients and corticosteroid ointments and/or creams. Other therapies include immunomodulators and management of any associated infections. Caring for a patient with atopic dermatitis requires skilled assessment, effective education and the ability to involve and support patients and carers in the management of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some ongoing clinical trials and upcoming potential FDA approvals with JAK inhibitors are very encouraging, said panelist Shannon M. Rotolo, PharmD, BCPS, a clinical pharmacy specialist at the University of Chicago Medicine in Illinois. Pharmacists can play a critical role in this therapy, panelists in a recent Pharmacy Times® Peer Exchange say. [Extracted from the article]

Skin conditions are common in all age ranges, and can significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Nurses prescribing or applying topical treatments should have a comprehensive understanding of skin barrier function and the effects this has on the absorption of medication through the skin. This article focuses on the therapeutic options available to treat skin conditions with particular emphasis on topical treatments, including emollients and topical corticosteroids. The principles of skin barrier function and the way in which therapies applied to the skin work are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the diagnosis, causes and reaction of ocular allergies. It stated that the allergy involve conjunctiva with allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma. It also discusses on the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) and presents case studies that show diagnostic and treatment challenges of ocular allergies.

Skin conditions can adversely affect many aspects of patients' lives. The quality of life for people with skin conditions such as psoriasis, atopic eczema and acne can be significantly impaired in terms of their psychological wellbeing, social functioning and everyday activities. The significant psychological and social morbidity that occurs in patients with common skin conditions may go unrecognised without appropriate assessment. The level of psychosocial morbidity associated with skin disorders may be underestimated by health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrocortisone should be applied to RJ's lesions twice daily before the application of her daily moisturizers.1-3 CASE 2: Complementary Therapy Q: RJ's mother returns to the pharmacy a few weeks later regarding her daughter's AD. Her mother calls the pharmacy with questions regarding atopic dermatitis (AD). Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies. [Extracted from the article]

This article reviews the origins and background of probiotics. Evidence for the potential mechanisms of probiotics and prebiotics, and their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system are discussed. Evidence is examined for the use of probiotics to treat infantile diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and atopic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the Chronic Pulmonary Disease Exercise Module, a distance-learning programme in Great Britain. The module spans a 12 months period. The questions included in the module are generated from the articles published in the journal. Some of the topics in the module include, features of Paget's disease of the bone, denture related candidiasis in old people, treatment of atopic eczema in adults and others.

The article presents information about the management of atopic eczema in adult patients. The key to control the condition is to educate and support the patient. Generally, the treatment requires avoidance of triggers, topical corticosteroids and liberal use of emollients. In some cases, patients are given treatment with topical immunomodulators or phototherapy.

This article focuses on the management of atopic eczema in children. Atopic eczema is a chronic, itchy skin condition, which usually appears in childhood. It runs a relapsing and remitting course, with two thirds of patients clearing completely by adolescence. Treatment needs to be tailored to the individual patient and may depend on the age of the patient, and the site and extent of the eczematous eruption. The individual prescription may depend on whether the eczema is acute and weepy or chronic and lichenified, and the response to previous therapies.

This article presents information on atopic eczema. In this article, eczema is preferred to dermatitis. Atopic comes from the Greek word 'topos' meaning place; 'atopic' means 'out of place'. The term was coined to denote a hypersensitivity response to an environmental allergen. However, whether atopic eczema is due to environmental allergens is debatable. Three minor features should be present, to make a diagnosis of atopic eczema, which include dryness of the skin, ichthyosis vulgaris, keratosis pilaris, immediate skin test reactivity, elevated IgE level, tendency to infection with herpes simplex and staphylococcus aureus, increased incidence of hand and foot and nipple eczema, cheilitis and recurrent conjunctivitis.

The article presents question and answer related to how Dupixent is worth prescribing to eczema patients.

Discusses the basics of atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), a disease occurring in most patients with atopic dermatitis. Causes and manifestations of the disease; List of topical drugs that can be used to manage AKC; Other forms of treatment.

The article focuses on the need for a systematic approach to the treatment of pediatric atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Topics discussed include the use of antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers as starter treatment, the prescription for topical corticosteroids, and consideration for the ability of children to withstand high-dose tropical treatment over the long term. The use of topical calcineurin inhibitors for decreasing conjunctival inflammation is then mentioned.

The article discusses the symptoms, treatment options and management of dermatitis. Aside from airborne allergens, atopic dermatitis is commonly caused by exposure to certain fragrances, temperature changes and emotional stress. Patients with contact dermatitis are advised to usually advised to use hypoallergenic skin care products. Various over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for dermatitis are available including topical hydrocortisone and antihistamine products.

The article offers information on the diagnosis and management of Ocular Rosacea and Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). It states that clinical symptoms of Ocular Rosacea include sharp eye pain, dryness and blurred vision and it can be controlled by systemic antibiotic to modulate the immune response and control inflammation process. It further states that patients with AKC suffer from periorbital eczema and bilateral mucoid discharge which can be managed through systemic antihistamine.

The article offers information from clinical studies on the role of probiotics in treating allergic reactions. A study published in the August 2008 issue of "Clinical & Experimental Allergy" suggests the potential of probiotics to become a treatment option for U.S. patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Other studies reported the use of probiotics to improve the quality of life of individuals with allergic rhinitis, and the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG to prevent atopic eczema in infants. Examples of probiotic supplements are also given.

The article reports on the safety and tolerance of the long-term tacrolimus in atopic dermatitis. In a major research, it was found out that the safety profile of intermittent or continual long-term use of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis gives no reason for concern. It is stated that daily hazard rates did not indicate increased risk of adverse events with prolonged use.

The article reports that higher levels of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) may contribute to the severity of disease and persistence in people with atopic dermatitis. S. aureus worsens atopic dermatitis through the secretion of superantigens and structural molecules in the cell wall. The presence of S. aureus in the home contributes to persistent skin inflammation and disease severity.

The article focuses on the study conducted by researchers in Germany which present the effect of probiotics among healthy adults and adults with atopic dermatitis. The result of the study highlights that the contained monocytes and granulocytes have significant increase in healthy subjects after probiotic intervention. The result also reveals that probiotics do not affect the major lymphocytes subsets to individuals with atopic dermatitis.

This article presents a guide to diagnosis and management of scalp conditions. Cradle cap is common in the first few weeks of life and can affect the face, axillae and nappy area. The ill-defined areas are pink and eczematous and covered in a fine scale. Yellow crusts are often seen on the scalp, eyebrows and ears. Differential diagnosis of infantile seborrhoeic eczema, rests with atopic eczema that affects the face and limb flexures, itches and tends to first show itself at 3 months of age rather than earlier. Pediculosis humanus capitis is a louse that settles in human hair and lives on human blood. The patient complains of itching of the scalp and scratch marks or groups of small papules may be seen. The lice can sometimes be seen when they move. Acne keloidalis nuchae is seen on the occipital part of the scalp and the back of the neck. It almost always occurs in African men, and very occasionally in women. Initially, the patient develops a folliculitis that heals with keloid scarring.

This article presents a brief description and pictorial guide to the diagnosis and management of common conditions affecting palms. Diseases of palm referred to here are atopic eczema, chronic or dry eczema, diffuse palmar keratoderma, palmar psoriasis, tinea rubrum, idiopathic local hyperhidrosis, scabies, hand, foot and mouth disease, herpes zoster and erythema multiforme. Patients complain of moist, sweaty hands that are sometimes associated with similar problems on the feet and in the axillae. Unilateral hyperhidrosis may be caused by any neurological lesion affecting the sympathetic pathway from the brain.

Reports on the factors contributing to the development of cataract in patients with atopic dermatitis. Description on how lens epithelium-derived growth factor causes cataract; Effect of high levels of histamine.

The article discusses the results of study on whether climatic conditions before and after birth affect the incidence of atopic dermatitis. Of more than 2000 infants observed, about 630 patients had atopic dermatitis, in which around 22 percent of those were born in spring while approximately 34 percent were born in autumn. Key information about the results is further presented.

The article reports on the improvement of atopic dermatitis by the incorporation of pimecrolimus cream into patients' daily standard treatment regimen. Effective for treating lesions in the face was a one percent pimecrolimus regimen. Children with mild or moderate disease experienced the greatest therapeutic response.

Focuses on a research conducted in Australia regarding the effectiveness of supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum in improving the extent and severity of atopic dermatitis in young children. Administration of the Lactobacillus fermentum; Use of the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis index in the measurement of the disease's severity and extent in the study; Comparison on the number of children who reduced the severity of atopic dermatitis from severe to mild between the placebo-controlled group and probiotic group.

Presents a question and answer advisory about allergies and atopic dermatitis. Comparison of copurulent conjunctivitis from atopic dermatitis; Question on the nature of skin affectation by atopic dermatitis; Management of atopic dermatitis.