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The article offers information on the white paper published by the German government which feature its security policy and the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr). It mentions that the 2016 white paper highlights the increasing violence in the security environment of the country brought by the Russian government in the European continent.

"The EUROCALL Review" is EUROCALL's open access online scientific journal. Regular sections include: (1) Reports on EUROCALL Special Interest Groups: up-to-date information on SIG activities; (2) Projects: reports on on-going CALL or CALL-related R&D projects; (3) Recommended websites: reports and reviews of examples of good practice in language learning website development; (4) Research papers on CALL-related topics; (5) Research and Development papers on CALL-related topics; (6) Reflective Practice papers on CALL-related topics; and (7) Reviews of new books, CALL software, etc. This issue contains the following papers stemming from the INTENT conference on "Telecollaboration in University Foreign Language Education" held at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of León, Spain, on 14 February 2014: (1) Promoting critical thinking in online intercultural communication (Marie-Thérèse Batardière); (2) Why in the world would I want to talk to someone else about my culture? (Chesla Ann Bohinski and Yumei Leventhal); (3) A blended learning scenario to enhance learners' oral production skills (Hee-Kyung Kim); (4) Combining Skype with Blogging: A chance to stop reinforcement of stereotypes in intercultural exchanges? (L. Lynette Kirschner); (5) English learning in an intercultural perspective: Russia and Norway (Anne-Mette Bjøru); and (6) Pan-American teletandem language exchange project (Aurora Castillo-Scott). The regular paper section includes: An e-portfolio to enhance sustainable vocabulary learning in English (Hiroya Tanaka, Akio Ohnishi, Suzanne M. Yonesaka, and Yukie Ueno). The following recommended website is reviewed by Rafael Seiz Ortiz: ABA English. Individual papers contain references.

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Germany has officially ordered overnight shutdowns of non-essential digital signage as a way to save natural gas. The country traditionally has relied on gas from Russia, but with the current war in Ukraine, that gas is in short supply, according... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planned Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline connecting Germany and Russia is a controversial issue in German political discourse. Even though criticism of the climate impact and security implications of proceeding with Nord Stream 2 tend to dominate the debate, vested interests in government and business have so far successfully defended the project. The poisoning of Alexei Navalny has not led the German government to block the pipeline. However, the case had a substantial discursive impact in Germany, as it made the media more sensitive to Ukraine's security interests and to climate policy considerations. On the latter point, two controversies in early 2021 serve as cases in point: first, the revelation concerning the German government's offer to import LNG from the US on preferential terms if the US would repeal sanctions; and second, the public outcry over Mecklenburg-Vorpommern's controversial state "Climate Foundation," which has been accused of greenwashing the pipeline. Looking ahead, this article holds that Russia and Germany need to look beyond Nord Stream 2 to the hydrogen trade as a potential point of common interest, at least in a world where Russian troops have left Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolving Kosovo war raises profound moral, legal and strategic questions, and one does not see easy or untroubled answers. But with both NATO and Milosevic seemingly seeking exit strategies--new overtures from Germany and Russia and diplomacy by Kofi Annan raised the possibility of a UN peacekeeping force acceptable to both sides--it is important to say that the Kosovo crisis is clearly not about failures of military strategy or technology. Hungarians entered NATO on March 12. Less than two weeks later, as NATO members, they provided free air lanes for military planes to Yugoslavia and now they must identify themselves with a war against a neighboring country.

The article comments on various political developments and issues related to the U.S. The London Conference opens in an atmosphere heavy with prospects of stalemate. Relations between Russia and the West have worsened' rapidly since the Foreign Ministers deadlocked in Moscow, last April. There, the impact of the Truman Doctrine, announced just before the conference began, flattened out whatever conciliatory impulses the Russian leaders may have had and a few such were reliably reported at the start. Exclusive of the cost of food imports and emergency aid, western Germany will receive some $2,200,000,000 during the next four years and the money will be used, under the terms of the Marshall program, for industrial rehabilitation.

The article comments on recent developments in the world politics. By Aleksandr F. Kerensky's account Russia is facing the tragedy of a civil war. The loss of Riga has not justified the precedent of internal unity created by foreign menace. To those who would fain believe that the new-won liberties of the Russian people and the inspiration which the overthrow of Czarism has imparted to the cause of democracy the world ever are not to be lost in the welter of civil war, it is still open to hope that the "misunderstanding" may turn out to be true, and that General L.G. Kornilov's "revolt" is only a threat. In diplomacy the main thing is to attain your object, one way or the other. On this theory, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson may disregard, or smile at, the amount of sputtering which the German press and political leaders are doing with an eye on him.

Focuses on the dominance of the Communists. Visibility of fascism; Assessment of the activities of the Left; Impact of the polemics of Russian and German politics on the Left.

This section presents articles on world politics. One of the articles presents an outlook of the European war. Russia obtained, after the war of 1810, the abrogation of article 2 of the Treaty of Paris, but this conquest seemed very small compared to the conquests of Germany. The secret feeling of enmity between the Slavic and the German races, which had always existed and which had been kept under control by diplomacy and by the personal action of the Russian and German crowns, was allowed freer play, and soon found daily expression in the press and in literature. The feelings of Russia also found expression in a new Interest iii conquered and vanquished France, in the incessant invitations made to her to "make herself strong again."

The announced intention of the Allied Control Council in Berlin to deal with Germany's food problem on a national instead of a zonal basis focuses attention on a fundamental difficulty of the four-power administration of Germany. At the present time the defeated country and its shattered capital are divided into four zones, each under the control of one of the four Allies the U.S., Great Britain, Russia, and France. Allied Control Council was formed to coordinate policies in the different zones. Divergent policies and practices in the four zones have been inevitable, given the well-known differences of tradition, temperament, and method of the occupying powers.

This article presents information on political conditions in the world during 1915. The favorite theme of leading German newspapers is the contrast between what the French and British are achieving on the western front and what was accomplished by the Germans and Austrians in their tremendous sweep through Galicia and Poland. Military events in the west and the crisis in the Balkans have diverted attention from the Russian battlefields. The article talks about the end of the Russian retreat, the end of the greatest sustained operation of the war.

(Bloomberg) -- When Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock travels to Russia this week she'll be following a path well-trodden by German officials, and it's one that's shown can lead to friction with its biggest western ally. Total Germany-Russia trade was worth some $90 billion in 2013 before Russia's annexation of Crimea resulted in sanctions. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers an examination of the Crimean War and explores the war's impact on Great Britain. It examines the British motivation for becoming involved in the war and discusses how well these motives were achieved. It explores how relations between Great Britain and Russia were affected by the war and it discusses how Germany became more powerful as a result. The article also discusses how war influenced war reporting and military medicine.

This article presents information on the immediate and most dramatic consequence of the visits to Moscow of the heads of two German states. And it is a consequence which will have incalculably great effect on the evolution of the international situation. There is no doubt that Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, once again firmly entrenched in his position of leadership at Bonn, intends to pursue his remilitarization plans relentlessly and with all vigor. At least one important political commentator in the Federal Republic believes that the Chancellor, while in Moscow, fell victim to the "magnetic attraction between the German and Russian temperaments." Other observers believe that he remains personally antagonistic to the Slav character and with an undiminished bias in favor of Western culture.

Presents various letters to the editor. Reference to the question posed on citizens of the U.S. regarding Russia's political domination; Critique on the current outbreak of anti-English feeling in Germany.

The article presents information on the post war treatment plans for the Germany by the allied forces. The Trade Union Congress was stirred by a lively debate on the post-war treatment-of Germany and the question of the responsibility of the German people for Nazi crimes. Interest in the subject was indicated by the long queue of would-be speakers who formed before the rostrum, but although a good many had the opportunity to give their views, it could hardly be said that the subject was fully explored. The most significant result of the debate was the endorsement by British Labor of Soviet plans for the use of German conscript labor after the war, even though it was some-what modified by the proposal of safeguards to insure that this labor did not degenerate into slavery.

Recent events in Petrograd and Kronstadt must have brought rare comfort to the soul of Emma Goldman, prophetess of anarchy the real article, warranted one hundred per cent, pure, name stamped on every package. Born in Russia and educated in Germany, she enjoyed during her girlhood exceptional opportunities for studying autocracy of various brands, and apparently conceived the stronger liking for the Russian sort, as offering the widest scope for fomenting rebellion.

Focuses on the relationship of Germany with Russia. Proposal made by the Soviet government previous to the ratification of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk; Phase of war against Germany.

The article presents information about the improvement in Anglo-German relations, results of the Balkan wars and the attitude of Russia. The main factor in bringing about improved conditions between Great Britain and Germany was undoubtedly the Balkan War. The Anglo-German rivalry presented mankind with the spectacle of two perfect egotism's. Young Germany was fully convinced that the world had been Anglo-Saxonized long enough and that it was time to give modern methods a trial which could not be if the globe was still to be regarded as a prolongation of the London suburbs.

The article provides information on the U.S. and Western country prisoners held captive by East German military officer, Walter Ulbricht. It states that The East Germans started giving prison sentences to U.S. and other western students just after the Soviets signed the Treaty of Moscow. It further states that Moscow is trying to pressure the East Germans to free the students.

The article presents information on various developments relating to international relations. Drawing for the first of the new armies which the United States is prepared to throw into the fight for civilization took place in Washington on July 20. Discouraging news has come from Russia, the chief moral of which appears to be that Germany continues to command in Petrograd an extremely effective live propaganda and to use it with great astuteness. German airplanes attacked the east coast of England on Sunday, killing eleven persons and injuring twenty-six at Felixstowe and Harwich.

The article presents information on various developments related to international relations. France's position in regard to terms of peace was made clear and unmistakable in the Chamber of Deputies on June 5, when resolutions were adopted by a vote of 453 to 55 declaring that conditions of peace must include the liberation of territories occupied by Germany, the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France, and just reparation for damage done in the invaded regions. The resolution was subsequently endorsed by the Senate. It now appears that the dispatches concerning the issue by the British Government of passports to representatives of the minority Socialists in Great Britain were somewhat misleading. The passports permit them only to go to Russia, and were issued with the understanding that delegates would not proceed to the Stockholm Conference in Sweden.

This article presents information on several issues from various parts of the world. The outstanding feature of the military situation during the past week has been the extraordinary vigor of the Russian offensive, which from the Galician and Bukowinan fronts has extended all along the line to the Baltic. The Russian official statement on Friday of last week, reported a tremendous bombardment of German trenches on the Riga front. In the west the Allied offensive is stated to have continued with results satisfactory to the high command. Debate on the Revenue bill was concluded in the U.S. Congress on Monday. The measure was finally passed by a vote of 240 to 140.

The article reports on the announcement of Russian Federation that it would buy back the $22 billion in face value debt of Aries Vermogensverwaltungs GmbH from Paris Club in Germany. The securitization with Aries is associated to debt extended by Germany, as a Paris Club creditor, to Russia. Information on the two things that should happen in order to qualify as a credit event under the structure is also addressed.

The article discusses Germany's proposal to partially prohibit hydraulic fracturing, ensuring its continued importation of Russian gas amidst the tensions between Russia and Ukraine. It mentions that German economy minister Sigmar Gabriel and environment minister Barbara Hendricks proposed the measure to temporarily ban fracking for economic purposes subject to the approval of the parliament. It cites the lobbying efforts of the Germn Green Party and the beer brewing industry to ban fracking.

The article offers tips about visiting homes across Asia. Tourists in Japan are advised to remove their hat and coat in the entryway. Punctuality is deemed important in Germany, and travelers are encouraged to shake hands with everyone when visiting a house. In Russia, a visitor is expected to accept a pair of guest slippers called tapochki.

The article reports that Russia and the Paris Club of creditors edged closer to an agreement on the early repayment of Russia's remaining $22 billion in debt. Spreads on Germany's Aries bonds, which were issued in 2004 and secured on Russian debts to Germany, tightened sharply on the expectation of an agreement.

Interviews Christian Stracke, an analyst at independent research firm CreditSights, about the effect of the Aries deal on Latin American issuers and emerging markets. Information on the Aries securitization; Reason for buying the deal; Benefits of Germany and Russia from the deal; Implications of the deal for Latin American sovereign issuers.

Reports on the decision of Germany to sell Euro bonds credit-linked to the Soviet-era Paris Club debt owed to it by the Russian Federation. Advantage of the synthetic securitization to international investors; Structure of the bonds; Role of Verm&0uml;gensverwaltungs GmbH and Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau in managing the deal; Credit rating given by Standard & Poor's to the bonds; Support provided by emerging markets bankers to the deal's structure.

The article offers information on how the prime minister of Great Britain exercises his political power. It states that the prime minister believes that he is the master and the ministers are his creatures. Meanwhile, it mentions the prime minister's encounter with the mail-bag that carried a set of orders for the admiral in command of the British Squadron in East African Waters and a threat to the peace of Europe particularly in Russia, France, and Germany.