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As the tragedy in Ukraine deepens, it's clear that the world should end its dependency on Russian oil. It will be ironic, however, if nations disentangling themselves from this compromised energy source instead turn to another energy source with destructive impacts: harvesting and burning forest wood for fuel, which increases carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels, and degrades forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the secretary-general of the United Nations has questioned whether the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a gap in global defenses against bioterrorism that a nefarious group may seek to exploit, the reality is that the pandemic has only underscored the folly of biological warfare, a strategy which relies on weapons – viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens – that would indiscriminately wreak havoc on the attacked and the attacker alike. Indeed, most countries in the world are part of the Biological Weapons Convention, the international treaty that – while lacking an enforcement mechanism – has successfully bolstered the near universal norms against the use of biological weapons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archives function both as repositories of documents and materials and as sites of memory collection and classification. This article explores the provenance and process of collecting and archiving through the lens of the collection of personal papers of Samuel Switzer, a Northern educated Southerner, World War I soldier, and a Jew. It examines how the interplay of Switzer's various identities affected the donor's and archivists' perspectives on the collection's importance and relevance and demonstrates the impact of these viewpoints on the collection's presentation and use by scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Place a square sheet of paper with side length 1 into the first quadrant of a coordinate system in such a way that the lower-left corner coincides with the origin. Look at the set of points that are obtained by folding the lower-right corner of the sheet along a line passing through the origin. The points obtained in this fashion will lie on the unit circle whose center is the origin. By making use of two similar triangles, the illustration gives rise to a rational parametrization of the unit circle. The parameter t is the distance from the lower-right corner of the sheet to the point of intersection of the fold line with the right edge of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The associability of artificial intelligence (AI) as a dual-use technology for nuclear material production (NMP) within the academic and practitioner communities remains widely neglected, and so a widening opportunity for AI to aid in illicit and covert non-peaceful applications exists. To address this emerging gap, this paper investigates the evolving and applicable uses of AI and finds broad evidence of its use to optimize performance, promote innovation, reduce costs, and enhance safety associated with the development and production of nuclear material. AI's use in this arena will, thereby, facilitate broader accessibility of peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology, while at the same time cause concerns that said improvements can aid the illicit development of nuclear weapons. As such, this paper advocates for a three-dimensional solution to manage the evolving dual-use concern of AI that involves advancing states-centric monitoring and regulation, promoting intellectual exchange between the nonproliferation sector and the AI industry, and encouraging AI industrial contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on nuclear weapons tests conducted by India on May 11 and 13, 1998, questioning the verification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Devices which India tested on May 11; Information on United States Geological Survey results; Information on seismograph readings; Seismic data of the May 13 tests.

Provides information on the U.S. nuclear forces and capabilities, as of September 1984. Policy implemented by the government under the administration of President Ronald Reagan; Number of weapons in the stockpile; Land-based missile force; Sea-based missile force; Strategic bomber force; Non-strategic nuclear forces on land.

Each nuclear weapon test contributes to a global burden of released radioactivity. Between 1945 and 1996, more than 2,000 nuclear tests were conducted, three-quarters of which were underground. Underground nuclear tests involved placing the nuclear device in a cavity drilled or excavated beneath the surface. The goal was to contain the explosion and its effects to the immediate vicinity of the detonation point, ultimately minimizing the release of radioactive materials into the atmosphere. While these tests successfully curtailed the atmospheric release and radioactive fallout, they created dynamic responses within crustal formations caused by local shock waves from the explosion. This paper discusses the legacy of underground nuclear testing, addressing issues from containment failure to the phenomenological effects after underground detonations and the pathways of subsequent dispersal of radionuclides to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late 2011 the South African government published a White Paper outlining climate change response policies for the coming decades. Among the main topics of the text were the socio-economic and climatic vulnerabilities of the country, including the situation of the poor. With the aim of analysing the argumentation regarding climate change and social justice we develop a combined linguistic and discursive approach, starting with occurrences of keywords pertaining to rights, equity and poverty. The White Paper’s conceptualisation of climate change is explored as a narrative, at the level of the text as a whole. This combined analysis shows that the legal rights of the poor are hardly given any place in the argumentation, whereas less constricting political intentions are far more present. Furthermore, the text attributes a passive role to the poor, dependent on the benevolence of a government that attributes the role of hero to itself. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on the crease length problem in many modern calculus textbooks. Crease length problem asks for paper foldings that do not produce protruding flaps. It shows the golden ratio through the condition of the paper dimension. Its minimum crease length could be obtained through folding the paper in half while its maximum crease length is obtained by making similar folds on the paper.

Presents information on books and articles pertaining to nuclear secrets in the Soviet Union. `Every Man Should Try,' by Jeremy Stone; `Bombshell,' by Joseph Albright and Marcia Kunstel; Details on articles that appeared in `Novoye Vremya.'

The article reflects on the ability of the U.S. Congress to create money for a fast economic recovery and to fund public projects through the Federal Reserve without implementing higher taxes, national debt and inflation. It notes the Legal Tender Act of 1862 which authorizes the creation of notes known as greenbacks but is absent in the U.S. Constitution. It mentions the disapproval of most delegates at the National Convention for the creation of paper money as it can lead to hyperinflation.

As part of the implementation of the Youth Training Scheme in 1983 the MSC established, and funded, an Accredited Training Centre in each of its areas. The functions of these centres is to support Managing Agents and Providers of the scheme by offering a staff training and consultancy service. This paper discusses some of the problems of designing a training programme that will meet the basic criteria laid down by the MSC for YTS staff training and at the same time meet the logistic problems of implementing the training. It has two main objectives, (1) to design a pattern of training provision that will meet the training needs, and (2) to enable the preparation of training units to be completed in a relatively short period of time by a range of specialist tutors. The paper is not intended as a critical piece of work but rather a proposed model for designing and implementing the training provision of the centre. It is a discussion paper and any opinions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the MSC or of the Local Authority (ILEA). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

After an analysis of published experimental results and theoretical models on irradiation creep, the authors of a recent paper [1] conclude that “the strain accumulated in the material of the first wall of fusion reactors due to creep under pulsed irradiation… can reach a inadmissible high level”. This conclusion was reached since recent experimental results [2, 3] have been omitted from the analysis and incorrect input parameters for the theoretical models have been assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The authors focus on the process of inscribing triangles between parallel lines in the Euclidean plane through the use of an iterative process. They found out that the limiting triangle is equilateral when the geometry is hyperbolic and the lines are asymptotically parallel. They note that the process is extended to the sphere once limiting triangle is isosceles.

For "statistical purposes", where would you fit in the 2020 U.S. census (Figure 1) and the 2021 England census (Figure 2)? B June 27, 1884 b President Chester Arthur signed a bill into law (23 Stat. The middle category included Native Americans (the 2020 census term is "American Indian") who were subject to U.S. tax. His 1958 joint paper with Paul Meier on the product-limit statistic for estimating survival functions from lifetime data is now one of the most cited statistics papers of modern times. [Extracted from the article]

Long used as a tool for medical compliance and adhering to treatment plans, behavior contracts have made their way into the in-patient healthcare setting as a way to manage the "difficult" patient and family. The use of this tool is even being adopted by health-care ethics consultants (HECs) in US hospitals as part of their work in navigating conflict at the bedside. Anecdotal evidence of their increasing popularity among clinical ethicists, for example. can be found at professional bioethics meetings and conversations and idea-sharing among practitioners on HEC social media. While there are a handful of papers gesturing toward a bioethical critique of behavior contracts of various types. the use of behavior contracts in the context of interpersonal conflict has not been vetted by bio-ethicists to determine their ethical legitimacy or efficacy. In this paper. we highlight a set of ethical concerns that we believe must be addressed before continuing or widespread implementation of behavior contracts to manage the "difficult" patient or family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the exhibition "Richard Diebenkorn: The Berkeley Years, 1953-1966" held at the de Young Museum in San Francisco, California on June 22-September 29, 2013 and Palm Springs Art Museum in Palm Springs, California on October 26, 2013-February 16, 2014.

This article provides new insights into the history of forced migration during the Nazi regime by investigating the maritime space of the 'ship' and its inscribed notions and perceptions in times of persecution and oppression. It highlights the various functions and transformations of the 'ship', but also analyses the conflicting social, political and economic interests of the different protagonists. Using the ships Königstein and Caribia as case studies, the paper opens up new perspectives on the processes of Jewish forced migration and illustrates the importance of maritime spaces for a better understanding of the Jewish refugee crisis in the 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourses of striving for equality versus the preservation of Jewish difference are reflected in the Jewish and non-Jewish struggles for an appropriate remembrance of the fallen during and after the First World War. They find their expression in the spatial localization of Jewish war memory. This paper deals with the polyphonic memory discourses and spatial positions of Jewish war memory in interplay with non-Jewish war memory in Austria during the Second World War. The focus is on the establishment of war cemeteries and specific signs of remembrance in Jewish and non-Jewish spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a collection of thoughts from multiple discussions about the importance of appreciating and embracing statistical thinking in public health research and education. We think that statistical simulations can play an important role in fostering statistical reasoning in public health and that they can be a great didactic tool for students to generate and learn from data. Two main points are of relevance here. First, simulations can foster critical thinking and improve our reasoning about public health problems by going from theoretical thoughts to practical implementation of designing a computer experiment. Second, simulations can support researchers and their students to better understand statistical concepts used when describing and analysing population health in terms of distributions. Overall, we advocate for the use of more simulations in public health research and education to strengthen statistical reasoning when studying the health of populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Game of Cycles is a two-player impartial mathematical game, introduced by Francis Su in his book Mathematics for Human Flourishing (2020). The game is played on simple planar graphs in which players take turns marking edges using a sink-source rule. In Alvarado et al., the authors determine who is able to win on graphs with certain types of symmetry using a mirror-reverse strategy. In this paper, we analyze the game for specific types of cactus graphs using a modified version of the mirror-reverse strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Points out a direct connection between the two ways mathematician Richard Guy proposed in associating the Catalan numbers with parenthesization of a given sequence of numbers. Use of M1459 as the best-known sequence for professional mathematicians; Cites on M1459 in Sloane and Plouffe's Encyclopedia [5].

The attempt of Seeger and Frank1 to reinterpret the annealing in recovery Stage III in gold in terms of the mobile single interstitial is discussed. Considering the experimental data of Stage III in irradiated samples and for the annealing stage observed in quenching samples around room temperature, it is concluded that the assignment of the recovery in these two stages to two different elementary defects is unjustified. It is further demonstrated that the interpretation of recovery Stage III by interstitial migration is in conflict with the direct observations of vacancies migrating in this stage and that the interpretation of the recovery measurements in radiation doped gold by the two interstitial model leads to inconsistencies. The attempt to interpret recovery Stage III in gold by interstitial migration must therefore be rejected and the activation energy of 0.71 eV measured for this stage must be attributed to the migration energy of single vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on the so-called paper blizzard brought about by the Year 2000 (Y2K) computer crisis in light of the letters and questionnaires being sent by companies to software vendors, business partners and customers. Practical purposes of notices; Legal consequences of responses of vendors-contractors; Sources of the flurry of papers.

Describes four flourishing cottage industries that have cropped up in Washington since November 3. The resume industry; The `Dear Bill' industry; The who's-in industry; The real estate industry.