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Dairy propionibacteria are Gram positive Actinomycetota, routinely utilized as starters in Swiss type cheese making and highly appreciated for their probiotic properties and health promoting effects. In this work, within the frame of a circular economy approach, 47 Propionibacterium and Acidipropionibacterium spp. were isolated from goat cheese and milk, and ewe rumen liquor, and characterized in view of their possible utilization for the production of novel pro-bioactive food and feed on scotta, a lactose rich substrate and one of the main by-products of the dairy industry. The evaluation of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 13 among the most common antibiotics in clinical practice revealed a general susceptibility to ampicillin, gentamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin while confirming a lower susceptibility to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin. Twenty-five isolates, that proved capable of lactose utilization as the sole carbon source, were then characterized for functional and biotechnological properties. Four of them, ascribed to Propionibacterium freudenreichii species, and harboring resistance to bile salts (growth at 0.7-1.56 mM of unconjugated bile salts), acid stress (>80% survival after 1 h at pH 2), osmostress (growth at up to 6.5% NaCl) and lyophilization (survival rate > 80%), were selected and inoculated in scotta. On this substrate the four isolates reached cell densities ranging from 8.11 & PLUSMN; 0.14 to 9.45 & PLUSMN; 0.06 Log CFU mL(-1) and proved capable of producing different vitamin B9 vitamers after 72 h incubation at 30 & DEG;C. In addition, the semi-quantitative analysis following the metabolomics profiling revealed a total production of cobalamin derivatives (vitamin B12) in the range 0.49-1.31 mg L-1, thus suggesting a full activity of the corresponding biosynthetic pathways, likely involving a complex interplay between folate cycle and methylation cycle required in vitamin B12 b

La lignocellulosa è il principale componente strutturale delle piante legnose e non, e rappresenta una delle principali fonti potenziali di materia organica rinnovabile. La lignocellulosa è composta principalmente da due polimeri di carboidrati, cellulosa ed emicellulosa e dalla lignina (un polimero aromatico). Questi polimeri complessi da un lato costituiscono spesso una biomassa residua della filiera agroalimentare, ma allo stesso tempo contengono differenti monomeri zuccherini e precursori fenolici, aventi un enorme valore biotecnologico, poiché potenzialmente possono essere convertiti in differenti prodotti ad elevato valore aggiunto. In uno scenario in cui la popolazione mondiale è in aumento insieme alla generazione di rifiuti ed inquinamento a scapito delle risorse del pianeta e del benessere umano, questo progetto mira a proporre un esempio di bioeconomia circolare e simbiosi industriale. Più in dettaglio, il progetto parte dalla valutazione quali-quantitativa delle biomasse agricole residue fino alla valorizzazione di un sottoinsieme di interesse per il nostro territorio in folati, sfruttando i lieviti come cell factory microbiche. Il folato (Vitamina B9) è una vitamina B idrosolubile con ruoli importanti nella sintesi, riparazione e metilazione degli acidi nucleici, prodotta solo dalle piante verdi e da alcuni microrganismi: per questi motivi rappresenta una componente nutritiva essenziale per l'uomo. La vitamina B9 disponibile in commercio è sintetizzata chimicamente come acido folico, non ottimale in termini di bioattività per l'uomo; la produzione di folati naturali mediante fermentazione microbica sta quindi diventando un'alternativa sostenibile e desiderabile per l'integrazione umana. Nel corso del progetto è stata acquisita ed applicata la metodologia ENEA per l'analisi dei flussi di risorse e per la creazione di possibili sinergie tra le varie aziende presenti nella regione Lombardia. Grazie a questo lavoro è stato possibile identificare l, Lignocellulose is the major structural component of woody and non-woody plants, representing a major potential source of renewable organic matter. Lignocellulose is primarily composed by two carbohydrate polymers, cellulose and hemicellulose and by lignin (an aromatic polymer). These complex polymers on the one hand often constitute a residual biomass of agro-food production chain, but at the same time they contain different sugar monomers and phenolic precursors, harbouring an enormous biotechnological value, since they can potentially be converted into different value-added products. In a scenario where the world population is increasing together with the generation of waste and pollution at the expenses of planet resources and human wellbeing, this project aims at proposing an example of circular bioeconomy and industrial symbiosis. More in detail, the project starts from the quali-quantitative evaluation of residual agricultural biomasses to the valorization of a subset of interest for our territory into folates, exploiting yeasts as microbial cell factory. Folate (Vitamin B9) is a water-soluble B vitamin with important roles in nucleic acid synthesis, repair and methylation, produced only by green plants and some microorganisms: for these reasons it represents an essential nutritional component for humans. Vitamin B9 commercially available is chemically synthetized as folic acid, suboptimal in terms of bioactivity for humans; the production of natural folates by microbial fermentation is therefore becoming a sustainable and desirable alternative for human supplementation. During the project the ENEA methodology for the analysis of resource flows and for the creation of possible synergies between the various companies present in the Lombardy region was acquired and applied. Thanks to this work it was possible to identify the main waste biomasses produced in the area in the agro-food sector and unfermented grape marcs was then selected for further studies in labo

Práce je věnovaná přehledu vědeckých publikací od 90. let 20. století do současnosti, které se věnují elektrochemickému stanovení vitaminu B9. Publikace jsou rozdělené podle materiálu použité pracovní elektrody a jeho modifikace. V jednotlivých kapitolách jsou také shrnuty látky, které byly použity na případnou modifikaci elektrod, prostředí, ve kterých byla měření prováděna, elektrochemické techniky použité pro analýzy, lineární rozmezí koncentrace, limity detekce stanovení a reálné vzorky, ve kterých byl vitamin B9 stanovován., The aim of this thesis is to summarize scientific articles that have been published from the 1990s to the present day, dealing with the topic of vitamin B9 determination. The publications are divided according to the material of the working electrode and its modification. In the individual chapters, the compounds used for potential modification of electrodes, media where the measurements were performed, the electrochemical techniques used for analyses, the linear ranges of concentration, the limits of detection, and real samples where vitamin B9 was determined, are reviewed., Fakulta chemicko-technologická, 1. Prezentace výsledků bakalářské práce. 2. Diskuse k posudku vedoucího bakalářské práce. 3. Studentka zodpověděla všechny dotazy a připomínky k BP., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may play a role in carcinogenesis through DNA replication, repair and methylation mechanisms. Most studies on urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) have focused on folate. We sought to examine the association between B-group vitamins and methionine intake and UCC risk, overall and by subtype, and to test whether these associations are different for population subgroups whose nutritional status may be compromised. We followed participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (N = 41,513) for over 20 years and observed 500 UCC cases (89% originating in the bladder; superficial: 279, invasive: 221). Energy-adjusted dietary intakes of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9 and B12) and methionine were estimated from a 121-item food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline (1990-1994), using the residuals method. We used Cox regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of UCC risk per standard deviation (SD) of log-transformed nutrient intakes and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for potential confounders. We investigated associations by tumor subtype, and tested interactions with sex, country of birth, smoking and alcohol drinking. The risk of UCC appeared not to be associated with intake of B-group vitamins or methionine, and findings were consistent across tumor subtypes and across demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the participants. A potential interaction between vitamin B1 and alcohol drinking was observed (all participants: HR per 1 SD = 0.99 (0.91-1.09), never drinkers: HR = 0.81 (0.69-0.97), p-interaction = 0.02), which needs to be confirmed by other studies. Our findings do not indicate that dietary intake of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism are associated with UCC risk.Copyright © 2018 UICC

Folate has been known as an important vitamin for several decades. It is vital in development and epigenetics and is especially known for its involvement in the prevention of neural tube defects in newborns. Due to this ability, a synthetic form of folate, folic acid, was mandated by the government to be reinforced into cereals and grains. This study used a mouse model to determine the effects folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate have on gene expression and behavior. Since folate is known to be important for epigenetics and neuronal development, this study examined the effects of folate by applying behavioral tests to test memory and learning and a microarray analysis to test for gene expression changes. It was confirmed that folate is important for properly functioning cognition in mice. Additionally, the microarray analysis showed clear gene expression changes between the folate replete mice and the folate deficient mice. Interestingly, it was observed that the natural form of folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, may confer long term benefits compared to the synthetic form, although additional research is needed to confirm this.

Folate has been known as an important vitamin for several decades. It is vital in development and epigenetics and is especially known for its involvement in the prevention of neural tube defects in newborns. Due to this ability, a synthetic form of folate, folic acid, was mandated by the government to be reinforced into cereals and grains. This study used a mouse model to determine the effects folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate have on gene expression and behavior. Since folate is known to be important for epigenetics and neuronal development, this study examined the effects of folate by applying behavioral tests to test memory and learning and a microarray analysis to test for gene expression changes. It was confirmed that folate is important for properly functioning cognition in mice. Additionally, the microarray analysis showed clear gene expression changes between the folate replete mice and the folate deficient mice. Interestingly, it was observed that the natural form of folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, may confer long term benefits compared to the synthetic form, although additional research is needed to confirm this.

Insufficient dietary intake of micronutrients, known as "hidden hunger", is a devastating global burden, affecting two billion people. Deficiency of folates (vitamin B9), which are known to play a central role in C1 metabolism, causes birth defects in at least a quarter million people annually. Biofortification to enhance the level of naturally occurring folates in crop plants, proves to be an efficient and cost-effective tool in fighting folate deficiency. Previously, introduction of folate biosynthesis genes GTPCHI and ADCS, proven to be a successful biofortification strategy in rice and tomato, turned out to be insufficient to adequately increase folate levels in potato tubers. Here, we provide a proof of concept that additional introduction of HPPK/DHPS and/or FPGS, downstream genes in mitochondrial folate biosynthesis, enables augmentation of folates to satisfactory levels (12-fold) and ensures folate stability upon long-term storage of tubers. In conclusion, this engineering strategy can serve as a model in the creation of folate-accumulating potato cultivars, readily applicable in potato-consuming populations suffering from folate deficiency. Biosynthesis of folates (vitamin B9) in plants originates in the cytosol and in plastids and is finalized in mitochondria, yielding polyglutamylated folate species. Engineering of the limiting steps in the cytosolic and plastidial branches, a successful strategy for biofortification of rice kernels and tomato fruit, provided unsatisfactory results upon implementation in potato tubers. Here, additional engineering of the first and final steps in the mitochondrial branch of folate biosynthesis, HPPK/DHPS and FPGS respectively, resulted in adequate enhancement of folate levels in potato tubers, yielding a 12-fold increase. This presents a valuable tool in fighting the global burden of folate malnutrition.

In this work, the ability of amaranth protein isolate (API):pullulan structures obtained through electrospinning for the photoprotection of bioactive compounds was studied. The model bioactive compound encapsulated was folic acid, due to its great sensitivity to UV light exposure. Addition of 100 mg of folic acid per g of biopolymer to the biopolymeric solution used for electrospinning resulted in increased apparent viscosity and, thus, in thicker electrospun fibers. Very high encapsulation efficiency was obtained (>95%) using this encapsulation technology and no specific chemical interactions were established between the vitamin and the matrix materials as inferred from FTIR analysis. Encapsulation within the API:pullulan structures increased thermal stability of folic acid, which may be useful for food processing applications. Furthermore, no degradation of the encapsulated compound was observed after 2 h of UV exposure, while the characteristic UV–Vis spectrum from the photodegradation compounds of folic acid was observed after UV irradiation of the unprotected vitamin.

A study of 160 patients with psoriasis revealed a reduction in the content of vitamin A in patients with various forms of psoriasis. During treatment with group B vitamins the best therapeutic effect was observed with vitamins B5 and B15. An increase of vitamin A in the blood was noted during treatment with vitamins B2 and pellagra preventive factor, whereas vitamins B1, B5, B6, B9, B12 and B15 caused a decline of the vitamin A level in the blood. During treatment of psoriatic patients with pyrogenal the content of vitamin A in the blood increased, while methotrexate therapy caused it to decrease. Vitamin A appears to be effective in the treatment of various forms of psoriasis both alone and in combination with methotrexate and vitamins B1, B5, B6, B9, B12 and B15.