Search

Kelsey B. Loeliger, MD, PhD1, Zoe Matticks, MPH2, Hannah Begna, MSc3, Maud Arnal, PhD4, Eleanor Bimla Schwarz, MD, MS3, Megha Shankar, MD5   1 Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego 2 University of California, San Diego School of Medicine 3 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 4 Department of Sociology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego 5 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego   Background: Although people seeking family planning services are often at risk for trauma, there are no clear clinical guidelines around trauma screening, inquiry, and response in family planning settings. The Trauma and Resilience-informed Inquiry for Adversity, Distress, and Strengths (TRIADS) framework emphasizes an empathetic, respectful, and equity-based approach of addressing trauma. This project 1) identifies training needs in family planning settings regarding trauma inquiry and response, and 2) evaluates whether the TRIADS framework can be effectively applied to meet these needs. Methods: We conducted an online survey of first-year family planning fellows nationally to assess baseline comfort in trauma inquiry and response. We then conducted a narrative literature review and environmental scan on trauma inquiry and response in reproductive health settings. Findings were mapped to the TRIADS framework as (1) inquiring about adversity (2) assessing signs of distress, or (3) identifying patient strengths and resilience. We summarized best clinical practices within each category and designed a case-based webinar and workshop series demonstrating the application of TRIADS in family planning for California family planning clinicians. A post-webinar online survey was conducted to assess confidence in applying the TRIADS framework to clinical practice. Results: Amo

The Harmonic Wheel is a physical tool that combines a Tonnetz transformed into a polar grid with a plastic disc containing the lines that define the major, harmonic and melodic minor scales, together with the scale degrees and the symbols of the corresponding seventh chords. The Harmonic Wheel is a powerful and versatile tool for analyzing and composing music, as well as providing an efficient mnemonic notation.

When waves propagate towards the coast, nonlinear interactions occur under the influence of decreasing water depth and variable ambient currents. This changes the initially harmonic wave shape into a nonlinear wave shape due to the presence of bound waves accompanying the freely propagating primary waves. The nonlinear wave shape ranges from skewed waves with steeper crests and flatter troughs to asymmetric waves where the wave front has pitched forward creating a saw-tooth wave shape at breaking. Analogous to the nonlinear surface elevation, also the near-bed orbital wave velocity is nonlinear. This results in a wave-shape driven sediment transport, generally directed in the direction of wave propagation. For accurate predictions of the sediment transport, it is thus important to know the wave shape. This is especially important in complex coastal systems with strong variations in bathymetry where wave-induced sediment transport gradients affect the subsequent morphological evolution. Therefore, this thesis focuses on measuring and modelling of the nonlinear wave shape...., Environmental Fluid Mechanics

The Division for Early Childhood (DEC) has set forth a list of high leverage practices that have significant impact on children with special needs from birth through early childhood. One of these impactful strategies is building family capacity, which can be effectively addressed using a coaching framework for service delivery. Research in the field has not yet clearly defined coaching terms, definitions or characteristics, which impacts the fidelity of the practice and requires research and consensus moving forward. This body of work seeks to look at current research around the topic of coaching and it’s effectiveness in meeting student and family outcomes. In addition it includes a personal experience using the components of the coaching framework and its coordinating fidelity tool with a family in early intervention. Keywords: early childhood, early intervention, family capacity, service delivery, coaching, caregivers, triads

Purpose: To increase sustainability of their products and enable new business opportunities, manufacturers explore servitization in consumer markets. Yet, the literature has not addressed this development. This study is one of the first to investigate the challenges and benefits for manufacturers and their supply chains when engaging in business-to-consumer (B2C) servitization. Design/methodology/approach: The study explores two unique cases of manufacturers of complex consumer products that aim to extend their service offerings to the end-users. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, observations and secondary data. Findings: First, the authors identify two factors as prerequisites for a servitized set-up: internal collaboration within the manufacturer and product characteristics (e.g. product complexity). Second, the authors identify the network as an important factor for B2C servitization, which includes the triadic set-up between manufacturer, installer and consumer. Third, the authors identify moderating institutional settings, such as regulations and consumer needs. Originality/value: This research elaborates existing B2B servitization theory into an empirically informed theoretical framework for B2C contexts. It expands the view on servitization by introducing the network perspective to service a large number of geographically dispersed customers.

Peer review is viewed as a valid quality assurance mechanism in higher education. Peer review of teaching is common practice at universities in Australia. However, peer review of assessment is a relatively new innovation in tertiary education. Peer review of assessment in a Triad structure utilised data, via interviews with academics and students, to develop a peer review of assessment framework. This project was modelled on a Triad based peer review of teaching process at a major university in Brisbane Australia. A 10 question framework was used initially to facilitate conversations between assessors in a range of undergraduate courses (teacher education, business, visual arts, occupational therapy, outdoor education). The benefits for all stakeholders were widespread and significant, impacting students and assessors and provided a response to sector wide, national and international criticisms of tertiary assessment by students, who are driven by successful assessment experiences and shaped by the clarity of assessment rubrics.

Humans subtly synchronize body movement during face-to-face conversation. In this context, bodily synchrony has been linked to affiliation and social bonding, task success and comprehension, and potential conflict. Almost all studies of conversational synchrony involve dyads, and relatively less is known about the structure of synchrony in groups larger than two. We conducted an optic flow analysis of body movement in triads engaged in face-to-face conversation, and explored a common measure of synchrony: time-aligned bodily covariation. We correlated this measure of synchrony with a diverse set of covariates related to the outcome of interactions. Triads showed higher maximum cross-correlation relative to a surrogate baseline, and 'meta-synchrony', in that composite dyads in a triad tended to show correlated structure. A windowed analysis also revealed that synchrony varies widely across an interaction. As in prior studies, average synchrony was low but statistically reliable in just a few minutes of interaction. In an exploratory analysis, we investigated the potential function of body synchrony by predicting it from various covariates, such as linguistic style matching, liking, laughter and cooperative play in a behavioural economic game. Exploratory results do not reveal a clear function for synchrony, though colaughter within triads was associated with greater body synchrony, and is consistent with an earlier analysis showing a positive connection between colaughter and cooperation. We end by discussing the importance of expanding and codifying analyses of synchrony and assessing its function.

The emergence of advanced production models impacts the supply chain (SC) and logistics activities. New actors, triads, emerge within the SC playing a prominent role in establishing and managing relationships between them, with the focal company and clients. The objective of this work is to synthesize the connotations of the appearance of multilevel triadic SCs (TSC) and how is established the relationship between its members. A structured method in four stages was adapted and applied to carry out a bibliographic search, bibliometric analysis and reviewed interpretation of the theory described in the literature. Some of the key propositions presented in the literature on the topic studied in this paper are: (i) triadic formation occurs for reasons of competition, cooperation, geographical proximity and technological similarity; (ii) triads can be configured as transitive, intransitive, open, transitional, closed; (iii) they involve a buyer, supplier, focal company, clients; (iv) service and manufacturing companies are affected; (v) the relationship between members focuses on the maintenance of structural power, although other relational characteristics emerge over time. From a theoretical and practical point of view, the evidence presented in the literature confirms the existence of power behaviors in the triad based on economic factors, and new manufacturing technologies directly influence the reconfiguration of the value chain and consequently the SC., El surgimiento de los modelos avanzados de producción impacta la cadena de suministro (CS) y las actividades logísticas. Nuevos actores, tríadas, emergen dentro de la CS jugando un papel destacado en el establecimiento y gestión de las relaciones entre ellos, con la empresa focal y los clientes. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar las implicaciones del surgimiento de CS tríadicas multinivel (CST) y cómo es establecida la relación entre sus miembros. Un método estructurado en cuatro etapas fue adaptado y aplicado para realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica, análisis bibliométrico e interpretación resumida de la teoría descrita en la literatura. Algunas de las principales proposiciones expuestas en la literatura sobre el tema de este trabajo son: (i) formación tríadica por razones de competencia, cooperación, proximidad geográfica y similitud tecnológica; (ii) tríadas pueden configurarse como transitivas, intransitivas, abiertas, transicionales, cerradas; (iii) involucran un compradores, proveedores, empresa focal, clientes; (iv) empresas de servicios y manufactureras son afectadas; (v) la relación entre los miembros se centra en el mantenimiento del poder estructural, aunque otras características relacionales surgen con el tiempo. Desde el punto de vista teórico y práctico, las evidencias presentadas en la literatura confirman la existencia de conductas de poder en la tríada con base en factores económicos, y que las nuevas tecnologías de fabricación influyen directamente en la reconfiguración de la cadena de valor y consecuentemente en la CS.

In this article we will show you the origin, the history and the modern development of the other great international organizations of organized crime, such as the Sicilian Cosa Nostra, which spread through smuggling, money laundering, extortion, corruption, violence, drug and arms trafficking…: the Japanese Yakuza, the Chinese Triads, the Maras, the Russian Mafia, the Albanian Mafia and the Turkish Maffya., En este artículo les mostraremos el origen, la historia y el desarrollo moderno de las “otras” grandes organizaciones internacionales del Crimen organizado, a ejemplo de la Cosa Nostra siciliana, que se extienden mediante el contrabando, el blanqueo de capitales, la extorsión, la corrupción, la violencia, el tráfico de drogas y armas…: la Yakuza japonesa, las Tríadas chinas, las Maras, la Mafia rusa, la Mafia albanesa y la Maffya turca.

This paper presents an analysis of human-human-computer triads (HHC triads) in institutional settings, more specifically of the way in which advisor, customer and computer cooperatively generate the maximum loan amount in mortgage orientation consultations (MOCs). HHC triads involve a participation framework in which three actors collaborate in order to fulfill a specific consultation goal. We argue that the computer, despite its restricted interactional repertoire, is a full participant in this framework, considered in terms of the turn-taking system. First, we will focus on the global organization of HHC triads, on how these triads emerge in the course of institutional interactions and how they are closed. Second, we analyze the interactional dynamics of HHC triads in the MOC. We demonstrate how turn-taking rules apply, how turn-taking is managed by the participants and how the participants, including the computer, collaborate to perform a task. In the final section we will describe the local sequential structure of HHC triads and identify the actions of the participants, including the computer. The use of HHC-triads not only facilitates easy transitions for the advisors between activities in the consultation, it also cleverly combines the advisor's computer use and customer-centeredness. As the computer becomes an actual “participant” in this institutional goal-oriented participation framework, both advisors and customers show that they make use of the interactional affordances the framework creates.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether triad structures, as the smallest unit of a network, can facilitate or inhibit the evolutioninto a service ecosystem. According to SD logic literature, the triad structure and the institutions that dominate the triads determine the evolutioninto ecosystem, remain as triad or die.“Balanced centricity”is considered a desirable institution that increases the possibility of transforming triadsinto ecosystems through marketing equilibrium. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply a conceptual approach to develop a framework for deepening understanding about triads’structures from the institution’s perspective (balanced centricity). Qualitative case study research was conducted using different methods of datageneration including personal interviews and netnography analysis in the arts sector. Three case studies were developed, one for each triadstructure: Sothebýs, Patreon and Vibuk. Findings – New business models start being a triad, and it is a strategic option to evolve into an ecosystem. In this sense, authors argue forconsidering balanced centricity as an institution that enables the ecosystems to arise. From this perspective, balanced centricity can be considered astrategy that helps to balance and reach positive relationships among actors, enabling the process to become a “balance triad structure”. Research limitations/implications – The paper is a conceptual work that combines with an empirical approach. The empirical approach considersthree success cases on the arts context. Considering other contexts as different from arts industry would be useful to add new perspectives to thetheory development. Originality/value – The present paper defines a new form of triad“balanced triad structure”(BTS) and identifies categories depending on the waybalanced centricity institution is adopted, facilitating or inhibiting the future evolution into an ecosystem. Hitherto, previous papers have notputtogether these c

Studien har sin utgångpunkt i två artiklar i dagspressen, en debattartikel och en replik, om ordningsvakternas arbete på krogen. Debattörerna i debattartikeln menade att otryggheten i nattlivet beror på att ordningsvakter kan vara maktmissbrukande, diskriminerande och begå övervåld mot gäster på krogen. En ordningsvakt replikerade på debattartikeln och svarade att otryggheten på krogen inte skapas av ordningsvakterna utan orsakas av krogägaren med personal. Det finns en intressekonflikt mellan ordningsvaktens uppdrag och krogägaren som betalar ordningsvakternas lön. Krogägarna vill gärna ha inflytande över ordningsvakternas arbete annars kan denne förlora sitt arbete. I repliken föreslås att lösningen på intressekonflikten är att ordningsvakterna blir anställda och får lön från Polismyndigheten. Innehållet av ordningsvaktens replik på debattartikeln fångade mitt intresse för denna studie. Studiens syfte är att få ökad kunskap och förståelse för hur förutsättningarna är för ordningsvakternas arbete i krogmiljö, utifrån tre frågeställningar. • Hur erfar ordningsvakterna sitt yrke och uppdrag? • Hur hanterar ordningsvakterna intressekonflikten mellan uppdragsgivaren Polismyndigheten och krogägaren? • Hur resonerar ordningsvakterna om att vara statligt anställda och få lön från Polismyndigheten? Studiens teoretiska perspektiv består av Rational Choice teori (RC), Georg Simmels teori om triader och Pierre Bourdieus begrepp av habitus. För att besvara frågeställningarna valdes kvalitativ metod med intervju. Fem ordningsvakter intervjuades genom semistrukturerad intervjumetod. Intervjuerna skrevs ut och analyserades genom tematisk analys. De teman som framkommer i studien är ordningsvakternas yrkesroll, intressekonflikt, anställningsform och förbättringsområde. Studiens resultat visar att ordningsvakterna ser på sin yrkesroll som en betydelsefull servicefunktion på krogen där bra bemötande av krogens gäster står i fokus. Den beskrivna intressekonflikten var känd av de inte, The study has its starting point in two articles in the daily press, one debate article and one reply, about the security guards work at the pub. The debaters in the article said that the insecurity in the nightlife depends on the security guards abusing their power discriminating and committing violence against the guests at the pub. A security guard replicated on the article and said that the insecurity in the pub is not created by the security guards but by the pub owner with his staff. There is a conflict of interest between the security guard's assignment and the pub owner who pays the guard's salary. The owner of the pub would like to have influence over the work of the security guards, otherwise he /she may lose his /her work. In the reply, it is proposed that the solution to the conflict of interest is that the security guards become employees and receive a salary from the police authority. The contents of the security guard's reply to the debate article caught my interest in this study. The aim of the study is to gain increased knowledge and understanding of how the conditions are for the work of the security guards, in a pub environment, based on three issues. • How do the guards experience their profession and mission? • How do the security guards handle the conflict of interest between the principal police authority and the owner of the pub? • How do the security guards reason to be state employees and receive salaries from the police authority? The theoretical perspective of the study consists of Rational Choice theory (RC), Georg Simmel's theory of triads and Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus. To answer the questions, qualitative method was chosen with interview. Five security guards were interviewed through semi-structured interview method. The interviews were printed and analyzed by thematic analysis. The themes that appear in the study are the professional role of the security guards, conflict of interest, form of employment and improvement are

Self-management by older persons could be influenced by the level of trust found in triads of informal carers, formal care providers and care recipient, the older person. Little research has been done on care providers' trust in older persons. This study aims to explore the level of trust that informal carers and home care nurses have in older persons, the extent of alignment in triads and the relationship between trust in older persons and self-management. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in the Netherlands, sampling 133 older persons, 64 informal carers and 72 nurses, which resulted in 39 triads. Alignment level was analysed through Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 1 scores and absolute and mean difference scores. Correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance measured the relationship between trust and self-management. The results show that triads contain both alignment and misalignment. Misalignment occurs mostly when informal carers and nurses have little trust in the older person while this person views their own behaviour towards their caregivers positively. Care providers' trust levels relate significantly to their perception of the person's ability to self-manage, but not to the person's self-rated ability. This could be explained by care providers not communicating their intrinsic trust in the older person to them. Trust building could be enhanced by organising discussions of mutual expectations of trust and both formal and informal care providers could benefit from compassionate assessment training, to learn how to openly express their trust in the older person.

Definitions of learning (and teaching) are sometimes made on the basis of references outside and above the immediate classroom event. The didactic questions phrased in terms of what, How and Why. The curriculum, policies and the various substances when these issues are preserved and problematized. At the same time, there is the school's reality in the classrooms, but more as a recipient of this problem. This reality can be the starting point of a self-sustaining reflection emanating from teachers and students and their actual situation. This is approaching it as the terms "implementing the field" where I want to continue the discussion. How do we get a different perspective on What, How and Why based on teachers ' practice? Are these questions at all realistic to ask (in practice) and what answers can you expect? What is an example for teaching science content from a student's perspective? And how is the issue from the teacher's perspective in the practical stage?

Despite an increasing number of studies, thereis still a lack of knowledge about the unique featuresthat underlie the process in equine assisted social work(EASW). This study aimed to reveal, through qualitativemethods, the dyads within the triad that become strongerduring the process of EASW, as well as the effect of theparticipation of the horse on the relationship betweenthe counselor and client. Data were collected through indepthinterviews with nine female self-harming clientsaged 15–21 years and eight staff members. The interviews,together with video-recorded human–horse interactionswith three staff members and four clients were analyzed,resulting in additional issues answered by these three staffmembers and four clients in a second interview. Criticaldialogues between patterns and fragmentations in the narrativesand video-recordings, as well as a dialogue with theparticipants while they were viewing videos of their ownEASW sessions, led to the conclusion that adding a horsequalitatively changes therapeutic relationships in EASW.The different triads consist of different liaisons betweenactors in the triad, giving rise to unique combinations. Thequality of the relationships depends on both the staff andthe clients’ attachment orientations. Further research isneeded to investigate how the degree of emotional connectionto the horse affects the impact that horses have on triadsin EASW.

Recent research has shown that action knowledgeinfluences categorical decisions (Borghi, Flumini, Natraj &Wheaton, 2012; Chao & Martin, 2000; Iachini, Borghi &Senese, 2008; Kalénine, Shapiro, Flumini, Borghi &Buxbaum, 2013). Shipp, Vallée-Tourangeau, and Anthony,(2014) showed that action influences categorisation in aforced-choice triad task when combined with taxonomicinformation and presented within a functional context. Thepresent experiment examined whether participants wouldbe more likely to match items in a triad task based onshared actions following priming with the functionalactions of the objects. Participants engaged in the triad taskused in Shipp et al. after a priming phase where they eitherinteracted with a series of objects for their functionalcapacity (Action Priming), grouped them into categories(Taxonomic Priming) or moved them from one table toanother (Movement Priming). Items within the triads werepresented as an image either on a white background(context-lean condition) or as a functional scene with theobject being used by an agent (context-rich condition).Consistent with Shipp et al. the results showed that actionwas primarily used to base choices on the triad task whenthe action choice also shared a taxonomic relation, and waspresented in context. Additionally, participants were morelikely to select the action related item when they had beenprimed with the functional action of the objects. The resultsare discussed in terms of the transfer effect from the objectinteraction task that facilitates how the objects aresimulated (Barsalou, 1999, 2003; Yeh & Barsalou, 2006).

The forced-choice triad task has become increasinglypopular in use over recent years. While it is seen as beinga categorisation task (Lin & Murphy, 2001) variation intask instructions often leads to different results. Shipp,Vallée-Tourangeau, and Anthony (2014) used the triadtask to show that when participants are asked to choosean option that ‘goes best with the target’, they are morelikely to select the choice that shares an action relationwhen it also shares taxonomic information. Howeverusing the instruction to select the item that “goes best” isvague and might encourage a strategy other than acategorical decision. The present experiment used thesame triads as in Shipp et al. to test whether participantswould match items based on shared actions or sharedtaxonomic relations when given specific categorisationinstructions. The task instructions were manipulated sothat participants either selected the item that “goes best”,“goes best to form a category” or is “most similar” to thetarget. The results found instances where the instructionsof “goes best to form a category” led to a higherprobability that participants would select the actionchoices over the instructions of “goes best”. Howeverwhen participants were encouraged to use similarityoverall action choices were lower. Therefore the triadtask does encourage a natural categorisation strategy anddifferences in task instructions across research are aresult of the stimuli used.

All ethnic groups have norms and values according to which one is expected to behave. Immigrants in particular have personal networks that simultaneously consist of co-ethnics and friends of a different ethnic background. As a consequence, they may be accustomed to the behavior, norms, and values of their own ethnic group, and also be expected to behave according to those of another ethnic group. This may either lead to ego-gratification and the strengthening and enrichment of their personality, or to feelings of stress and non-acceptance if they cannot behave fully in accordance with the expectations of their friends. This study addresses the association between interethnic open triads in networks (i.e., brokerage) and individual psychological well-being. That is, we examine whether having intra-ethnic and interethnic relationships with friends who are not also friends with each other, is either positively or negatively associated with psychological well-being. Using (network) data from a large sample (N = 2,942; age = 19) of native Swedes and first- and second-generation immigrants from former Yugoslavia and Iran (all born in 1990 and currently living in Sweden), we show that interethnic brokerage is negatively associated with psychological well-being, which implies that the different norms, values and corresponding behaviors that prevail in different ethnic groups to which the ethnic broker is connected may result in internal and external conflicts, to feelings that one is not fully accepted by any of these groups, and ultimately to a lower level of psychological well-being.

Purpose – The paper aims to synthesize some key insights from social network theory and systems thinking to better understand the existence and dynamics of institutional complexity – the source of institutional change and innovation – in service ecosystems. Design/Methodology/approach – This conceptual paper integrates insights from social network theory (e.g., Burt, 1992; Granovetter, 1973) and systems thinking (e.g. Simon, 1996) to elaborate the service ecosystems perspective on institutional complexity and innovation. Findings – S-D logic and its service ecosystem perspective (Lusch and Vargo, 2014; Vargo and Akaka, 2012; Vargo et al., 2015) imply that value is created by systems consisting of actors who fundamentally do the same thing: cocreate value by exchanging and integrating resources (Vargo and Lusch, 2011). This view results in a systemic notion of value cocreation that highlights the role of institutions as the ‘glue’ of service ecosystems that both enables and constrains value cocreation (Edvardsson et al., 2014; Vargo and Akaka, 2012). In this paper, we extend the service ecosystems perspective on innovation as institutional change in value cocreation by elaborating the dynamics of institutional complexity – the coexistence and interaction of numerous and partially conflicting institutional arrangements – crucial for agency and change in service ecosystems (Siltaloppi et al., 2014). Building on the notions of ‘weak ties’, ‘structural holes’ and ‘near-decomposability’ as well as the triadic view inherent in them, the paper argues that service ecosystems can be seen as complex systems characterized by near-decomposability. This implies that parts or subsystems of service ecosystem(s) interact with one another with varying frequency and tie ‘strengths’ resulting in inconsistencies and incompatibility of institutional arrangements between the subsystems that causes institutional complexity especially as actors can be simultaneously embedded in several subs

Peer review of teaching has become an accepted educational procedure in Australia to quality assure the quality of teaching practices. The institutional implementation of the peer review process can be viewed as genuine desire to improve teaching quality or an imposition from above as a measure of accountability and performativity. One approach is to conduct the peer review process as a team or a triad, involving a group of three academics. This article reviews this process of peer review through the eyes of the participants. The results of the study indicate that the peer review process upon which this study is based, has the potential to not only significantly impact academics’ pedagogy but to improve teaching confidence and associated benefits in regard to evidence based teaching for promotional opportunities.

This study determined triad (a mentor teacher and two student teachers) members’ level of satisfaction (LOS) with paired-placement student teaching, focusing on mutuality and homophily to explore how triad relationships were linked to LOS. The constant comparative method was used to code interview transcripts and field notes. Results showed that of the six satisfied triads, five had mutuality, homophily, strong triad cohesion, and collaborative student teachers. Partially satisfied (four) and dissatisfied (two) triads experienced lack of mutuality and homophily, weak triad cohesion, and uncollaborative student teachers. Recommendations include providing formal training about triad relationships, considering mutuality and homophily when making placements, and placing weaker students in a solo experience.

In a study of a project concerning Swedish juvenile care professionals, youngsters and parents were studied by ethnographic field observations as well as interviewed. During the course of the investigation various and shifting triads forming conflicts as well as alliances were observed. In this paper the triads described in interviews will be compared to field observations of triads formed during various meetings connected to the juvenile care project. I will analyze similarities and differences in retold triads during interviews and interactional “in situ” formed triads according to (1) different alliance formations, (2) different roles in changing constellations, (3) the temporal development of the alliances in the triad and (4) the alliance’s including and excluding function in the triads.

El siglo XIX generó cambios en la concepción colonial, la abolición de la esclavitud concibió el desarrollo de la contratación, la cual permitió la llegada de trabajadores asiáticos a las Antillas. La necesidad de ajuste y el recuerdo de su tierra natal hicieron fortalecer la solidaridad entre ellos, apareciendo así las primeras sociedades chinas. Interesada en la adaptación a toda costa a las nuevas condiciones, éstas asumieron atributos masónicos como el uso metafórico y simbólico de la escuadra y el compás, lo cual generó una duda acerca de la vinculación de estas sociedades con la masonería.

Attestée selon toute vraisemblance dès l’époque thinite et présente dans les Textes des pyramides mêmes, la déesse d’Imet (Imt.yt) ne s’est implantée en un point précis du territoire que tardivement dans son histoire. Après une présence marquée dans la zone d’Avaris dès le Moyen Empire où la déesse acquiert le nom de Ouadjet Dame d’Imet, c’est au début de la XVIIIe dynastie que celle-ci a vu son culte s’implanter plus spécifiquement sur ce qui est aujourd’hui Tell Farʿoun (Delta oriental). La documentation laisse ensuite percevoir l’évolution qu’a connue son culte ainsi que la venue progressive d’autres divinités à ses côtés. Dans cette communication, nous essayerons d’analyser ces évolutions et de mettre en évidence les éléments significatifs caractérisant ce passage d’une seule divinité locale à une triade au cours du Ier millénaire av. J.-C., époque particulièrement riche de développements théologiques., Attested from the Thinite Period (ca 3100-2650 BC) onwards and mentioned in the Text Pyramids, the goddess of Imet (Imtyt) settled in a specific part of the Egyptian land only at a late stage of her history. After being present in the area of the ancient Avaris from the Middle Kingdom (1990-1760 BC) on, where she acquired the name of Uadjet, Lady of Imet, it is at the very beginning of the 18th Dynasty (1539-1292 BC) that her cult settled in what is nowadays the modern site of Tell el-Faraun, in the Eastern Delta. Documents from and about Imet allow to trace the theological evolution of the place, which shows the appearance and disappearance of several deities at the goddess’ side. This paper examines these evolutions and especially focuses on the development of a local Triad during the 1st Millennium BC.

The Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore and the School of Justice, Queensland University of Technology sponsored a symposium on organised crime in Asia. The symposium held at the National University of Singapore on June 28-29, 2007 brought together, for the first time, law enforcement officers and academics from several different jurisdictions to discuss current perspectives about organised crime. The theme "Organised Crime in Asia: Governance and Accountability" explored the relevance of such criminal activities to corruption and capture of state agencies or agents in the furtherance of criminal enterprises. Nineteen distinguished speakers from several countries (Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, India, Australia, USA, Canada, United Kingdom, and Italy) spoke to the theme. The topics ranged across many of the issues involved such as the definition and trends in 'organised' crime, lethal violence, utilisation of the Internet, money laundering, problems of researching organised crime, drug and human trafficking. Contributors: Ko-lin Chin,Peter Grabosky, Raymond Choo and Russell Smith,Kent Lee, Nicholas Dorn and Mike Levi, Mark Findlay, Vincenzo Ruggerio, Rebecca La Forgia and Marinella Marmo, James Sheptycki, Margaret Lewis, R. Thilagaraj, Noriyoshi Takemura, Mohd Kassim Mohamad, Dan Ng, and Yik-Kon Teh.

Homans' insights that interaction and sentiment are in a feedback loop that includes clique formation, social ranking and leadership are formalized and derived from a set of limited assumptions and propositions. Freeman's model of groups is used to detect pure informal groups, those that are not consequential upon anything else than sheer hanging around. It produces a system of cliques and rankings based purely on the rates of transitive triads that may include a third who is only weakly connected to the other two. Two assumptions about motivation in networks – the need for safety and efficacy are then combined with Gould's modeling of asymmetric relations in which members are valued for either intrinsic or extrinsic merits. The ratings tend to cascade according to the "Matthew Effect." Finally, people like to choose others who are more attractive than they are, subject to the condition that too much unrequited love is painful. Gould's Formalization of these ideas for the case of small groups produces, among other results, the consequence that those who are chosen more often than others also tend to direct interaction more towards others with lesser rank, a non-intuitive result observed by Homans, but explained by him in substantive rather than formal terms. The logic of rank further dictates that groups become segmented by structural equivalence. Other results are also summarized.

Volume 1

This paper describes the TRIADS (not an acronym) Joint-Services Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) program. The TRIADS effort will develop a family of software and hardware to support CBI in a wide variety of military training and educational applications. TRIADS consists of a library of computer-based programs, sufficiently flexible to support development, delivery, and management in meeting most military instructional requirements. The TRIADS program is also concerned with demonstration of and specifications for hardware systems capable of executing TRIADS software, as well as planning for institutionalization of Joint-Services CBI programs. The TRIADS program will assist in the establishment of operational military CBI centers as well., Published in the Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, v10 n3-4 p59-61, Autumn 1983.

Steady-state and time-resolved studies indicate that for a sequence of porphyrin or chlorin chemical dimers Zn-cyclodimer → (ZnOEP)₂Ph → (ZnOEP)₂ → (ZnHTPP)₂ → (ZnOEChl)₂ with relative lowering of excited S₁- and T₁-states, the extra-ligation by pyridine (PYR) does not influence essentially on fluorescence parameters but leads to an increase of T₁-states non-radiative decay (the most pronounced for dimers with higher lying T₁-levels). For pyridinated dimers at 293 K T₁-states quenching by molecular oxygen depends on the spacer flexibility and donor–acceptor interactions with PYR. In self-assembled triads and pentads energy and electron transfer (within a few ps) takes place from Zn-dimers to pyridyl substituted porphyrin extra-ligand, H₂P, followed by the effective population of H₂P T₁-state. For these systems, bimolecular constants of H₂P T₁-states quenching by O₂ decrease by 1.4–1.8 times with respect to those found for individual monomeric porphyrins. This effect is explained by the screening action of a strongly quenched Zn–porphyrin dimer subunit limiting the access of oxygen molecule to the excited extra-ligand. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

This article reports on a study of leadership and learning processes in a complex environment. It concerns the interspaces where politics meets administration, towards the “flows and interaction in multi-organisational contexts”. A study of processes in the overlap between the political intentions and their practical realisation, between political actions and everyday leadership. In this case the relationship between politicians, board administration and principals i. e. a triad. An ethnography of a structure in a municipal within the educational/school area, primary and secondary level. Participant observation in two such triads in a larger municipal in southern Sweden over a year every week, most of the days in each week. And interviews during the process and at the end. The study is composed of an active engagement from the participants in the study, being perceived as co-constructors in the research process. An interview does not merely become a “collection of data” with feed-back, but informants are parties in a knowledge-creation conversation, to a certain extent a reciprocal process. This way of “seeing” leadership has not been studied frequently. Yet some researchers, have studied aspects of these triads and contributed with interpretations of use for this study. I make the assumption that it can be productive to see an actor’s learning and creation of meaning in terms of “hard data and evaluations” and/or “interactions and encounters”. In the triad, this actor is part of a system that comprises the other actors in the triad. A complex system of meaning-making processes is created, and research shows that it is the “interaction”-dimension that dominates the work of leaders. This system can be understood in terms of relations, negotiations and loose-couplings as a manifestation of cultures. I suggest that leadership can be understood as “The Art of Leading Others who Lead Themselves”. It is in that “relationships” politics and leadership are enacted., The paper was added to SocArxiv 2018-03-15

La statistique des réseaux sociaux, contrairement à la statistique classique, fait face à l’épineux problème de la dépendance des observations. Pour le résoudre, elle propose un nouveau type de modélisation statistique, les Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM). À la base de ces modèles, se trouve la notion élémentaire de triade, discutée de longue date dans la littérature sociologique, en premier lieu chez Simmel. Cet article, qui vise, pour la première fois, à présenter en français, les fondements des ERGM, fait le point sur l’intérêt de l’approche triadique pour l’analyse des processus sociaux. Il donne un exemple détaillé de mise en œuvre des ERGM sur des données de réseau (celles d’un cabinet d’avocats d’affaires), et présente quelques travaux récents qui les mobilisent pour appréhender par exemple la sociabilité des adolescents ou les coopérations inter-organisationnelles., Exploring social networks at the triadic level: The contribution of ERGM statistical models In contrast to conventional statistical analysis, statistical models for social networks must account for dependencies between observations. To address this issue, a specific class of models has been developed, Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM). The basis for these models is the fundamental idea of triads, a longstanding concept within sociology, as seen in Simmel’s work. This article aims to present for the first time in French ERGM’s theoretical foundations, and reviews the usefulness of the triadic approach for exploring social processes. Using a case study of a business law firm, the ERGM estimation process is presented in detail, followed by a review of recent research using ERGM.